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NCERT Class 11 History Chapter 9 The Industrial Revolution
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The Industrial Revolution
Chapter: 9
SECTION – IV: TOWARDS MODERNISATION
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Answer in Brief:
Q. 1. How did Britain’s involvement in wars from 1793 to 1815 affect British industries?
Ans. Britain was involved in wars with France during this era i.e., 1793 to 1815. The Britain’s involvement in the war was greatly affected. Factories were shut down. Trade collapsed. Unemployment began to increase. The basic problems like shortage of food items like meat and bread began to soar.
Q. 2. What were the relative advantages of canal and railway transportation?
Ans. Advantages: (i) Canals and railway transportation helped in transporting heavy/bulky goods.
(ii) It made the transportation more easier and less costly.
(iii) It made easier both internal and external trade.
(iv) Rivers helped in transportation of bulky goods in interior parts of the country.
Q. 3. What were the interesting features of ‘inventions’ of this period?
Ans. Some of the interesting features of the invention made by (done by) ‘inventions’ during this period were:
(i) In 1709, Abraham Darby first time made process of smelting by using coal.
(ii) In 1856 the technique of making steel by purifying iron was invented by Henry Bessemer.
(iii) John Kay invented the flying shuttle in 1733. The invention of the flying shuttle speeded up the production in textile industries.
(iv) James Hargreaves and Richard Arkwright respectively invented Spinning Jenny and Water Frame, which revolutionised the textile industry.
(v) Crompton invented the mule. Mule was a combination of both Spinning Jenny and water frame, which improved the quality of spinning.
(vi) Duke of Bridge water and James Brindley played a remarkable role in the construction of canals in England. It led to development of both rural and urban areas.
(vii) George Stephenson invented railway steam – engine known as Father of Railway.
Q. 4. Indicate how the supply of raw materials affected the nature of British industrialisation?
Ans. Supply of raw materials affected the nature of British industrialisation in following ways:
(i) The Britain got raw materials for the textile industries in Industries in India in front of cotton bales and began to export it for weaving clothes.
(ii) The political motives of the Britishers further extended in the form of imperialism. It also led to the economic exploitation. It boosted the Britisher’s industrial methods to gain more and more raw materials from colonial countries.
(iii) Initially spinning consumes a lot of time, but with the invention of technical Knowledge the production began to increase. It increased the demand for raw materials.
(iv) It shifted the processing from homes to factories.
ANSWERS IN A SHORT ESSAY:
Q. 5. How were the lives of different classes of British women affected by the Industrial Revolution?
Ans. (i) The poor women who worked in Industries were paid low salaries and were force to work 10 to 15 hours or even more hours per day.
(ii) Industrialisation proved a boon for the women of upper and middle class. A number of food item become available for them and also further improved their life standard.
Q. 6. Compare the effects of the coming if the railways in different countries in the world?
Ans. Effects of coming if the railways:
(i) The coming if railways affected different countries across the world dramatically and boosted the process of industrialisation.
(ii) Imperialist and industrial nations got economic benefits with its expansion in different countries.
(iii) Imperialist countries begun to exploit the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America for their selfish ends.
(iv) It lead to misery of salary in African and South African countries.
