Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 International Organisations The answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters Assam Board HS Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 International Organisations and select needs one.
Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 International Organisations
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Q.1. In a unipolar world,do you think that the UN is a balance to the US ? Give reasons.
Ans : After the end of cold war America, no doubt, has become the only superpower in the world. There is no serious rival who can prevent America from doing whatever it wants. In such a situation, the United Nations is the only body which can prevent arbitrary actions of America. United States power can be checked easily because UN is located in US and many officials of UN are United States Nationals. UN is located at New York, US. Moreover US contributes huge amount to UN as grant and even US enjoys the veto power in the United Nations Security Council.
The UN is not therefore A great balance to US. Nevertheless, In and unipolar world in which US is dominant, the UNO can and has served to bring the USA and the rest of the world into discussions over various issues, US leaders in spite of their frequent criticism of the UN, do see the organisation as serving a purpose and bringing together over 190 nations in Dealing with conflict and social and economic development. The UN provides an arena in which it is possible to modify US attitudes and policies.
While the rest of the world is rarely United against Washington, and while it is virtually impossible to balance US power, the United Nations does provide a space within which arguments against specific US attitudes and policies are heard and compromises and concessions can be shaped .
Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that importance of UN cannot be undermined though it is an imperfect body to US. In a globalised world the importance of UN is ever increasing. People and government will have to find ways off supporting and using the UN and other International Organisation in ways that are consisted with their own interests and the interest of the international community more broadly.
Q.2. ‘Reforming the UN means restructuring of the security council’ Comment.
Ans : Yes, I certainly think that reforming the UN means restructuring of the security council. This thinking is because out of the six organs of UNO, Security Council is considered to be the most important organ responsible for maintenance of peace and stability in the world. It is the the security council which finally approves all the important matters. The council is composed of 15 members of which five are permanent member and ten are non permanent member elected by the General Assembly for a period of two years.
Each member of the Security Council has one vote. The Charter of the UN gave the permanent members a privileged position to bring about stability in the world after the Second World War. The main privileges of the five permanent members are permanency and the veto power.The permanent member can vote in a negative manner so that even if all the permanent and non permanent members vote for a particular discussion, a single negative vote from the permanent members can make a decision to a standstill.
Thus, the above paragraph clearly highlights the significance of the Security Council. These has been a discussion going on amongst the members of UNO for the last two decades over expansion of members both permanent and non permanent members of Security Council. Since, the organ contains those function and powers to combat threat perspective of the international political environment therefore, the increase in number of members will undoubtedly increase and strengthen the power of the security council.
The present composition of the Council is under presented and few countries are un presented. It is expected that if there is an uniform representation of the countries of the world in this Council then the nations can be more reliable in the discussion delivered by this organ. The reformation and restructuring is the urgent need of the hour so that more and vibrant nations can be accommodated. This act requires the countries to come to an agreement and break the deadlock about the reformation procedure.
Q.3. In the present world context, do you think that the UN is an indispensable Organisation ? Justify your answer.
Ans : After the collapse of Soviet Union and the end of cold war. U.S.A. is the only super_ power left in the world. There is no country which can prevent U.S. from doing whatever it wants. In such a situation U.N.O is the only body which can prevent arbitrary actions of U.S.A. Secondly, even within the U.N., U.S.A. has considerable influence. As the single largest contribution to the U.N. it has unmatched financial power. Besides the location of U.N. headquarters in the New York (U.S.A) has also contributed to increase its influence. U.S.A has a large number of its Nationals in the U.N. bureaucracy. It also enjoy Veto Power which ensures that U.S.A.
has considerable voice in the choice of the Secretary General. Under these conditions, U.N.O cannot be a great balance to the U.S.A. however, in a unipolar world in which U.S. is the only dominant power, the U.N. is an imperfect body,but without it the world would be worse off. With growing links between societies and issues_what we call interdependence_it is hard to imagine how more than 7 billion people would live together without an organisation such as U.N.O. Thus,U.N.O. is an indispensable body in the present World.
Q.4. What changes occured after the cold war ?
Ans : The UN was established in 1945 immediately after the Second World War. The way it was organised and the way it functioned reflected the realities of the world politics after the Second World War. After the cold war, those realities are different.
Here are some of the changes that have occurred after the cold war:
(i) The Soviet Union has collapsed.
(ii) The US is the strongest power.
(iii) The relationship between Russia,the successor to the Soviet Union, and the US is much more cooperative.
(iv) China is fast emerging as a great power, and India also is growing rapidly.
(v) The economics of Asia are growing at an unprecedented rate.
(vi) Many new countries have joined the UN (as they became independent from the Soviet Union or former communist states in Eastern Europe).
Q.5. Mention the criteria that has been proposed for the inclusion of the new permanent and non_ permanent members of the Security Council ?
Ans : There is a huge controversy going over the expansion of few organs of UN and restructuring of this Peace making Organisation. India, has welcomed this decision and awaits its restructuring.
India has supported the revitalisation of UN on several grounds. They are__
(i) She believes that a strengthened and revitalised UN is desirable in a changing world.
(ii) India also supports an enhanced role for the UN in promoting development and cooperation among the states.
(iii) India believes that development should be central to the UN’s agenda as it is a vital precondition for the maintenance of peace and security.
One of India’s major concern had been composition of the Security Council, which has largely remained static. India considers that this has harmed the representative character of the Security Council. She also argues that an expanded Council, with more representation, will enjoy greater support in the world Community.
Q.6. What are the methods used by the United Nations to achieve its aims ?
Ans : The methods used by the United Nations to achieve its aims are:
(i) Peaceful settlement of disputes.
(ii) Negotiations.
(iii) International understanding based on the principle of cooperation and justice.
(iv) Democracy.
(v) Development.
Q.7. Discuss the main aims and objective and principles of UNO ?
Ans : The aims and objectives of the UNO are:
(i)To establish international peace and security and to take immediate steps to avoid wars.
(ii) To ensure universal peace, goodwill and cooperation among Nations for the welfare of mankind.
(iii) To promote economic, social, cultural and humanitarian relationship in international level.
(iv) To acts as centre for harmonising the action of nations to achieve above objectives.
Q.8. Write a short essay on the achievements and failures of the UNO as a world body ?
Ans : After the collapse of Soviet Union and the end of cold war . USA is the only superpower left in the world. There is no country which can prevent USA from doing whatever it wants. In such a situation UNO is the only body which can prevent arbitrary actions of USA. Secondly, even within the UN., USA has considerable influence . As the single largest contribution to the UN. it has unmatched financial power. Besides , the location of UN headquarters in New York (USA) has also contributed to increase his influence. USA has a large number of its Nationals in the UN bureaucracy. It also enjoy Veto power which ensures that USA has a considerable voice in the choice of the secretary General. Under these conditions ,UNO cannot be a great balance to the USA. However, in a unipolar world in which USA is the only dominant power, The UN can and has served to bring the USA and other countries into discussions over various issues. In the end it can be said that through UN is an imperfect body, but without it the world would be worse off. with growing links between societies and issues__ what we call inter dependence__ it is hard to imagine how more than 7 billion people would live together without an organisation such as UNO. Thus, UNO is an indispensable body in the present world.
Q.9. Can the UN serve as a balance against US dominance ?
Ans : After the end of cold war America, no doubt, has become the only super power in the world. There is no serious rival who can prevent America from doing whatever it wants. In such a situation, the United Nations is the only body which can prevent arbitrary actions of America. United States power cannot be checked easily because UN is located in US and many officials of the UN are United States Nationals. UN is located in New York, US. Moreover US contributes huge amount to UN as grant and even US enjoys the veto power in the United Nations Security Council. The UN is not therefore a great balance to US. Nevertheless, in a unipolar world in which US is dominant, the UNO can and has served to bring the USA and the rest of the world into discussions over various issues, US leaders, in spite of their frequent criticism of the UN, do see the organisation as serving a purpose in bringing together over 190 nations in Dealing with conflict and social and economic development. The UN provides an arena in which it is possible to modify US attitudes and policies. While the rest of the world is rarely United against Washington, and while it is virtually impossible to balance US power, the United Nations does provide a space within which arguments against specific US attitudes and policies are heard and compromises and concessions can be shaped.
Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that importance of UN cannot be undermined though it is an imperfect body to US. In a globalised world, the importance of UN is ever increasing. People and government will have to find ways off supporting and using the UN and other international organisations in ways that are consisted with their own interests and the interest of the international community more broadly.
Q.10. On what grounds India Supports restructuring of the UN ?
Ans : Same as Ans of Q. No.2 (Long Answer)
Q.11. Enumerate three main organs of the UN which are considered to be as a Legislature ?
Ans : The main organ of the United Nations are:
(i) General Assembly is considered as Legislature of U.N.
(ii) Security Council is considered as Executive of UN.
(iii) International Court of justice is considered as Judiciary of UN.
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