Class 11 Geography Important Chapter 29 Natural Vegetation of India

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Class 11 Geography Important Chapter 29 Natural Vegetation of India

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Natural Vegetation of India

Chapter: 29

NINTH UNIT : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND SOIL OF INDIA

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Answer The Following Questions:

1. How tall do plants like Akon, Kotahi-begena, and Bogori generally grow?

Ans: Plants like Akon, Kotahi-begena, and Bogori generally grow about 60–100 cm in height.

2. In the Tamil Nadu coastal region, where winter rainfall occurs, what is the maximum height of vegetation?

Ans: In the Tamil Nadu coastal region, where winter rainfall occurs, the vegetation reaches a maximum height of about 12 meters.

3. What is a monsoon forest?

Ans: A monsoon forest is a type of moist deciduous forest found in regions where annual rainfall is 150–200 cm, average temperature is 26°–27°C, and relative humidity is 60–80%.

4. In which states are temperate moist mountain forests commonly found?

Ans: Temperate moist mountain forests are commonly found in Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Manipur.

5. Between which heights are alpine-type forests found in Western Himalaya, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh?

Ans: Alpine-type forests are found from about 3,500 meters altitude up to the snowline in Western Himalaya, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh.

6. How many elephants are currently found in India?

Ans: At present, about 14,000 elephants are found in India.

7. In which mountain forests do around 6,000 elephants live?

Ans: Around 6,000 elephants live in the forests of the Nilgiri, Annamalai, and Cardamom hills of South India.

8. What is the current population of the one-horned rhinoceros in India?

Ans: The current population of the one-horned rhinoceros in India is about 1,200.

9. In which year was the first Van Mahotsav (Forest Festival) celebrated?

Ans: The first Van Mahotsav was celebrated in 1950.

10. How many tons of paper pulp were obtained from India’s forests?

Ans: About 4 million tons of paper pulp were obtained from India’s forests.

Long Question & Answer:

1. On what basis are India’s vegetation zones mainly classified?

Ans: The vegetation diversity of India is mainly based on the country’s area, geographical extent, climate, soil, and elevation. India shows a wide range of climatic conditions such as humid, dry, hilly, desert, and coastal regions — resulting in great vegetation diversity.Areas with heavy rainfall have evergreen forests, containing tall, dense, and long-living trees with broad leaves.

In dry regions, deciduous forests develop. In hilly regions, vegetation changes with altitude — from temperate to alpine and tundra types. Thus, India’s varied geography and climate make it rich in plant diversity.

2. Describe the formation, distribution, and biodiversity of mangrove forests.

Ans: Mangrove forests grow in tidal coastal areas and river deltas where land and sea meet. These forests are found in areas affected by both high and low tides.

 Mangrove trees have strong roots and can grow in saline water. They are ecologically and economically important, serving as habitats for many species. The Sundarbans, located in West Bengal and Bangladesh, are the best example of mangrove forests in India.

Other mangrove regions are found in Odisha, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and the Andaman–Nicobar Islands. Common trees include Sundari, Khagari, Dhekia, and Nal Khaguri. These forests provide shelter to tigers, crocodiles, water birds, fishes, and snakes and help prevent coastal erosion and protect from cyclones.

3. Discuss India’s forest resources and their commercial importance.

Ans: India’s vast forests are sources of both commercial and ecological resources.  They provide valuable timber, furniture wood, paper pulp, fruits, medicinal plants, and exportable goods. Forests also maintain ecological balance and prevent soil erosion and climate damage.

According to the Forest Research Institute survey (2000): 64 million cubic meters of valuable timber, 225 million cubic meters of fuelwood, and 4 million tons of paper pulp were collected annually.

They also provide food for about 500 million domestic animals. Other forest products include resin, gum, turpentine oil, lac, tannins, cinnamon, bamboo, and herbs. Thus, India’s forests are vital for both economy and environment.