Class 11 Geography Important Chapter 26 Physiographic Divisions of India

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Class 11 Geography Important Chapter 26 Physiographic Divisions of India

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Physiographic Divisions of India

Chapter: 26

EIGHTH UNIT : PHYSIOGRAPHY OF INDIA

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Answer The Following Questions:

1. What is the average height of the Great Himalayas?

Ans: The average height of the Great Himalayas is 6,100 meters.

2. What is the name of the alluvial plain formed by the soils of South Bihar?

Ans: The alluvial plain of South Bihar is known as the Magadh Plain.

3. What is the name of the east-west mountain range lying parallel to the Great Himalayas between the rivers Sutlej and Teesta?

Ans: The east-west mountain range lying parallel to the Great Himalayas between the Sutlej and Teesta rivers is known as the Lesser Himalayas.

4. Into how many parallel ranges is the Himalayan mountain system divided according to height and geological structure?

Ans: The Himalayan mountain system is divided into three parallel ranges.

5. What is the Vindhyan Plain?

Ans: The erosional plain lying on the right bank of the Ganga between 82°–84° East longitudes is called the Vindhyan Plain.

6. What is the name of the plain between the rivers Gandak and Mahananda in North Bihar?

Ans: The plain between the Gandak and Mahananda rivers in North Bihar is called the Tirhut Plain.

7. The districts of Cachar, Karimganj, and Hailakandi in South Assam belong to which valley?

Ans: These districts belong to the Barak Valley.

8. What is the height of the Doddabetta Peak in the Nilgiri Hills?

Ans: The height of the Doddabetta Peak in the Nilgiri Hills is 2,637 meters.

9. What is the name of the southern high part of the Western Ghats?

Ans: The southern high part of the Western Ghats is called the Nilgiri Hills.

10. What is the average height of the Kathiawar Peninsula excluding the Girnar Hills?

Ans: Excluding the Girnar Hills, the average height of the Kathiawar Peninsula is about 200 meters.

Long Question & Answer:

1. Describe the physiographic diversity of India.

Ans: India is a land of remarkable physiographic diversity. Its surface features include the world’s highest folded mountain ranges—the Himalayas, the ancient eroded plateaus of the Deccan, the fertile northern river plains, the coastal lowlands, and island groups, making it one of the most varied terrains on Earth.

In the north, the Himalayas form the loftiest and youngest mountain system in the world. In the south, the Deccan Plateau represents one of the oldest landmasses formed from ancient crystalline rocks. The Indus–Ganga–Brahmaputra Plains occupy central India, formed by river deposits and supporting dense population and agriculture.

Coastal plains and islands add further variety. Geographically, India’s land can be divided into five major physical divisions—the Himalayan Mountains, the Northern Plains, the Peninsular Plateau, the Coastal Plains, and the Islands.

2. Explain the formation process and characteristics of the Himalayas.

Ans: The Himalayas are the highest and most complex young fold mountains in the world. They began to form about 60 million years ago when the Tethys Sea, a geosyncline, was filled with sediments that were later compressed and folded upward due to tectonic forces caused by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates.

The Himalayas consist of three parallel ranges:

(i) Greater Himalayas (Himadri) – containing the world’s highest peaks like Mount Everest, Kanchenjunga, Nanga Parbat, and Nanda Devi; permanently snow-covered.

(ii) Lesser Himalayas (Himachal) – containing valleys and ranges like Pir Panjal and Dhauladhar.

(ii) Outer Himalayas (Shiwalik) – composed of unconsolidated sediments forming foothills.

The Himalayas are still tectonically active, as evident from frequent earthquakes and landslides, proving that their formation process continues even today.