Class 11 Floriculturist Chapter 6 Insect Pests, Diseases and Weed Management Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters Class 11 Floriculturist Chapter 6 Insect Pests, Diseases and Weed Management Question Answer and select need one. Class 11 Floriculturist Chapter 6 Insect Pests, Diseases and Weed Management Notes Download PDF. AHSEC Class 11 Elective Floriculturist Question Answer English Medium.
Class 11 Floriculturist Chapter 6 Insect Pests, Diseases and Weed Management
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Insect Pests, Diseases and Weed Management
Chapter: 6
| SESSION 1: INSPECT PEST MANAGEMENT |
| CHECK YOUR PROGRESS |
A. Fill in the Blanks:
1. Tapping of branch on white sheet of paper may detect _______________ and ______________ incidence.
Ans: Mites, thrips.
2. Eradicating and treating sources of inocula in the field is also an important ______________ measure.
Ans: Preventive.
3. All insects belong to the class ______________.
Ans: Insecta.
4. Insect body comprises three main segments, i.e., ______________, _____________ and _______________.
Ans: Head, thorax and abdomen.
5. Greek word pteron means ______________.
Ans: Wing.
6. Termite belongs to order _______________.
Ans: Isoptera.
7. Larvae of caterpillar belong to order ________________.
Ans: Lepidoptera.
B. Multiple Choice Questions:
1. The damaging stage of insects belonging to dipteral family is _____________.
(a) Larva.
(b) Adults and maggots.
(c) Caterpillar.
(d) Grub.
Ans: (b) Adults and maggots.
2. Caterpillar has sucking-type of mouth parts, which are known as _____________.
(a) Homoptera.
(b) Halter.
(c) Balancer.
(d) Haustellum.
Ans: (d) Haustellum.
3. The irregular tunnel-like structure over the leaf surface is observed due to the feeding of _____________.
(a) Larva.
(b) Maggots.
(c) Caterpillar.
(d) Grub.
Ans: (b) Maggots.
4. Abnormal growth or gall-like structure on the leaves are the damaging sign of _____________.
(a) Larva.
(b) Maggots.
(c) Mites.
(d) Grub.
Ans: (c) Mites.
C. Subjective Questions:
1. What is insect pest control?
Ans: A thorough knowledge of morphology, nature of damage, vulnerable stage of pest, damaging stage, pre-disposing factors, susceptible stages of host, natural enemies and predators help in preventing and controlling them effectively. All insects belong to the class Insecta. Their body is segmented and mostly comprises three main segments, i.e., head, thorax and abdomen. Insects have two pairs of wings and three pairs of legs. According to the structure of the wing (pteron), they are classified into different orders, such as Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera and Orthoptera, etc. All these insects belonging to different orders may have different life cycles with different damaging stages and nature of damage. With a view to accomplish better pest management, all these factors are important, but the most important is how (nature of damage) and when (damaging stage) they attack the host.
2. How are insect pests controlled traditionally?
Ans: Traditional control of insect pests is mainly done through cultural methods, which are environment-friendly and do not involve chemical use.
These methods include:
(i) Tillage: Ploughing or flooding during summer season exposes hibernating stages of insect pests inside the soil. Stages, like eggs, larvae, pupae of some insects are found hidden deep inside the soil. These are exposed to their natural enemies and the hot Sun due to tillage operations.
(ii) Clean cultivation: Weeds and bunds of the field are important foci for hibernating insect pests. Through cleaning of bunds and regular removing of weeds, pest population is minimised. Crop residues of previous crops must be destroyed.
(iii) Crop isolation: Crop of the same group or same families, if grown close by, increases the availability of host and this may increase the pest population. If the crop is isolated at a sufficient distance, the movement of pests from one field to another can be avoided, so their control becomes easier.
(iv) Altering sowing or planting time: This is a dodging strategy by which the host or its suitable stage is made unavailable for the pest, required for infestation.
(v) Crop rotation: Long crop rotation minimises the invasion of host-specific insect pests.
(vi) Eradication of alternate hosts: Weeds or other plants harbouring insect pests in the absence of the major host, if these are removed, break the chain of host availability and control the pest population.
(vii) Planting trap crops: Trap crops of less economic value are planted before planting the main crop to attract insect pests towards it and the crop along with pest is destroyed completely before the insect reaches the reproductive phase.
(viii) Exclusion of infested plant or part: Removal and destruction of infested plants and their parts reduce population and foci of pest in the field.
3. Describe Integrated Pest Management.
Ans: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is essential to deal with certain diseases, like wilts, and insect pests, such as green worms and spotted worms, by a number of approaches. The disease and insect pests, if not handled in time, can cause huge losses to the crop. Chemicals used against such pests not only have limitations but might have side effects on the plant. Frequent application of insufficient doses of such pesticide builds resistance within the organism. Excessive use has residual effect in the crop, which also becomes a major cause of pollution. Pesticides also inhibit pollinators and predators in the field, which results in reduction of yield.
IPM includes involvement of measures, such as cultural, physical, mechanical, chemical and biological methods against pests.
4. Write about the following nature of damages:
(i) Chewing and cutting tissues of the host.
Ans: These insects have biting and chewing type of mouth parts and may cut, chew and bite the tissues of the host. Infestation of such insect pests is confirmed through this type of damages found on various parts of the host. Mostly larvae and in some cases, adults are responsible for such damages.
Larvae of the Lepidoptera (caterpillars) and the Coleoptera (grubs) are well-known damaging stages that cause such type of damage. Maggots and immature stage flies feed on flowers of chrysanthemum and many other plants. Sunflower maggots infest the stem and cause collapse of the plant. Larvae of painted lady butterfly, yellow woolly bears, checker spot butterflies, diamondback moth, etc., cause such damage to ornamental crops severely.
(ii) Boring.
Ans: Infestation of these pests can be identified by the presence of holes and bores that they make in several plant parts. Beetles, weevils, grubs, caterpillars and maggots are well known that bore into the host and feed on internal tissues. Caterpillars of armyworm bore into flower buds and feed inside. Flowering crops, such as China aster, chrysanthemum, dahlia, delphinium, iris, phlox and salvia, etc., are attacked by most of the borers. Burdock borer (moth), iris borer, stalk borer and European corn borer are common borers found in ornamentals.
(iii) Mining leaves.
Ans: Larvae (maggots) of certain leaf minors by mining get inserted between the upper and lower surface of the leaf. Irregular tunnel-like structure over the leaf surface is observed due to the feeding of inside tissues. Such infestation may be observed in ornamentals, such as chrysanthemum, dahlia, dianthus, salvia, verbena, etc. This can be identified by the creamy-yellow lines formed on the leaves due to tunneling.
(iv) Galls or hypertrophied structure.
Ans: Sometimes, mites suck cell sap and produce abnormal growth of pimple-like structure on the leaves. Tiny wasps also sometimes produce galls on leaves, stems and twigs of roses and other plants.
D. Match the Columns:
| A | B |
| 1. Grub | (a) Caterpillar. |
| 2. Lepidoptera | (b) Beetle. |
| 3. Nymph | (c) Wasp. |
| 4. Diptera | (d) Isoptera. |
| 5. Hymenoptera | (e) Maggot. |
Ans:
| A | B |
|---|---|
| 1. Grub | (b) Beetle. |
| 2. Lepidoptera | (a) Caterpillar |
| 3. Nymph | (d) Isoptera. |
| 4. Diptera | (e) Maggot. |
| 5. Hymenoptera | (c) Wasp. |
| SESSION 2: DISEASE MANAGEMENT |
| CHECK YOUR PROGRESS |
| SESSION 3: WEED MANAGEMENT |
| CHECK YOUR PROGRESS |
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