Class 11 Floriculturist Chapter 5 Plant Nutrition and Irrigation

Class 11 Floriculturist Chapter 5 Plant Nutrition and Irrigation Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters Class 11 Floriculturist Chapter 5 Plant Nutrition and Irrigation Question Answer and select need one. Class 11 Floriculturist Chapter 5 Plant Nutrition and Irrigation Notes Download PDF. AHSEC Class 11 Elective Floriculturist Question Answer English Medium.

Class 11 Floriculturist Chapter 5 Plant Nutrition and Irrigation

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Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. AHSEC Class 11 Floriculturist Textual Solutions are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given AHSEC Class 11 Floriculturist Textbook Solutions English Medium for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Plant Nutrition and Irrigation

Chapter: 5

A. Fill in the Blanks: 

1. The elements necessary for metabolic activities of an organism are referred to as __________________. 

Ans: Nutrients.

2. The process of supplying nutrients and their intake is known as __________________. 

Ans: Nutrition.

3. Green plants draw carbon from atmospheric__________________.

Ans: Carbon dioxide. 

4. Accessory structural elements are also called __________________.

Ans: Macro-elements.

5. The mass developed after rotting of the organic matter is termed as __________________.

Ans: Compost.

B.  Multiple Choice Questions:

1. ____________ elements are necessary for the growth of plants. 

(a) 16.

(b) 14.

(c) 10.

(d) 12.

Ans: (a) 16.

2. The elements required by plants in large amount are called ____________. 

(a) Micro-elements. 

(b) Macro-element.

(c) Both (a) and (b).

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (b) Macro-element.

3. Accessory structural elements are ____________. 

(a) K, Ca, Mg.

(b) Cl, Br, I.

(c) N, P, S.

(d) C, H, O.

Ans: (c) N, P, S.

4. The application of manures in soil increases the ____________. 

(a) Biological activities of soil.

(b) Physiological activities of soil.

(c) Moisture retention capacity of soil.

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (d) All of the above.

5. The solid platy residue left after the extraction of oil is known as ____________. 

(a) Oil.

(b) Oil cake. 

(c) Essence. 

(d) None of the above. 

Ans: (b) Oil cake.

6. Plant manures are composed of material from __________. 

(a) Plant origin. 

(b) Animal origin. 

(c) Both (a) and (b). 

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (c) Both (a) and (b).

7. Plant nutrients manufactured commercially through chemical process are ____________. 

(a) Fertilisers.

(b) Biofertilisers. 

(c) Manure.

(d) Green manures.

Ans: (a) Fertilisers.

8. Fertilisers that supply more than single nutrients are called ____________. 

(a) Sole fertilisers.

(b) Manures.

(c) Biofertiliser.  

(d) Mix fertilisers.

Ans: (d) Mix fertilisers.

C. Subjective Questions:

1. How can plant nutrients be classified according to their functions in plants?

Ans: The classification of plant nutrients based on their functions in plants are as under:

(i) Structural nutrients These are of vital importance and required in large quantities and mostly available naturally. These nutrients include Carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O2).

(ii) Accessory structural elements These are also called ‘macro-elements’, which can be supplied through manures and fertilisers. These are essential for the growth and production of plants and formation of proteins. These are nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur.

(iii) Regulators and carriers These elements are potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), which regulate plant growth and build resistance against crop pests. 

(iv) Catalysts and activators Although these are required in very small quantities, they are equally important. These activate various chemical changes within the cell. These are iron (Fe), boron (B), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), chlorine (Cl) and copper (Cu).    

2. How are manures different from fertilisers?

Ans: Manures are decomposed organic matter derived from plants and animals. Besides providing a supplement of plant nutrients, manures are beneficial in many ways. They enhance biological activities in the soil, and also improve structure, colour, aeration and water-holding capacity of the soil. Manures are slow in decomposing, hence, they release plant nutrients gradually, which can be used as organic fertilisers in agriculture. 

Fertilisers are plant nutrients manufactured commercially from inorganic chemicals. They are ready-to-use nutrients in concentrated forms and contain much higher amounts of nutrients than manure and are, therefore, used in small quantities. These chemicals get washed off through irrigation or rainwater and become unavailable at many instances. Chemical fertilisers being the source of a single nutrient is called a ‘sole fertiliser’. Fertilisers that supply more than one nutrient are called ‘mix’ or ‘complex fertilisers’.  

3. Write down the advantages and disadvantages of fertiliser application.

Ans: The advantages and disadvantages of fertiliser application are as under:

Advantages:

(i) Easily available anywhere. 

(ii) Calculated amount of nutrients can be applied. 

(iii) Required nutrients can be specifically applied.

(iv) Fertilisers can be carried easily because of packing. 

(v) Easy to apply in different ways. 

(vi) Fertilisers are available in different formulations and concentrations. 

(vii) Nutrients are available at low cost.

Disadvantages: 

(i) Leaches out or infiltrates with rain or irrigation water.

(ii) Harmful if applied more than the required quantity. 

(iii) Responsible for air and water pollution. 

(iv) Sometimes, it may have adverse effects on soil properties.

(v) Have to be stored carefully.

4. What are the different types of fertilisers?

Ans: The different types of fertilisers are:

(i) Sole fertilisers: These are the fertilisers that supply only a single nutrient. Sometimes it may be accompanied by a minor element. Sole fertilisers are further grouped according to the nutrients they supply. 

(ii) Nitrogenous fertilisers: These are prepared and applied as a source of nitrogen to the crop. Commonly available nitrogenous fertilisers are urea, ammonium sulphate, calcium ammonium nitrate, etc.

(iii) Phosphorus or phosphatic fertilisers: These fertilisers are the main source of phosphorus only. Some commercially available phosphatic fertilisers are single superphosphate, triple super phosphate, dicalcium phosphate. 

(iv) Potassic fertilisers: These are applied as a source of potassium. Commonly used potassic fertilisers are muriate of potash and potassium sulphate.

(v) Mixed fertilisers (complex fertilisers): Fertiliser with a source of more than one macro-nutrient for the plant is known as mixed fertiliser. Commonly used mixed fertilisers are di-ammonium phosphate (18:46:0), nitro-phosphate (20:20:0), ammonium phosphate (28:0:0), ammonium phosphate sulphate (16:20:0), calcium ammonium nitrate (8% Ca and 21–27% N), etc. 

Almost all fertiliser companies are making soluble and field applicable mixed fertilisers. Now, NPK complex fertilisers are available in varying nutrient contents (19:19:19, 20:20:20, 20:40:0, etc.).

(vi) Fertiliser containing micronutrients: Chemical compounds used as a source of micronutrients are of two types, viz. 

(a) Chelates chemical compounds in the form of heterocyclic ring having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two non-metal ions, such as EDTA, DTPA HEDTA, EDDHA, NTA, common chelated micronutrients being Zn-EDTA and Fe-EDTA. 

(b) Inorganic salts, such as zinc sulphate (ZnSO4 ), copper sulphate (CuSO4 ), ferrous sulphate (FeSO4 ), manganese sulphate (MnSO4 ), etc., are commonly used as micronutrient fertilisers. All these are soluble in water and can be used as soil application or foliar spray.

D. Match the Columns:

Ans:

A. Fill in the Blanks: 

1. Nitrogen in ammonia form takes _________________ days after application to be available to plant. 

Ans: 10 to 15.

2. A fertiliser is readily soluble and easily available to the plant ________________. 

Ans: Potash.

3. Uniform spreading of manure or fertilisers by hand over the entire surface of field is termed as ______________.

Ans: Broadcasting.

4. Spreading or broadcasting of fertilisers in the standing crop is known as _______________. 

Ans: Top dressing.

5. When fertiliser is placed in bands to the side of seedling, it is called ______________.

Ans: Band placement.

B. Multiple Choice Questions:

1. In heavy rainfall areas, the manures may be applied ______________. 

(a) After the monsoon. 

(b) During monsoon. 

(c) Before monsoon. 

(d) None of the above. 

Ans: (a) After the monsoon.

2. What about plant nutrient is true? 

(a) Requirements differ with crop and stages of growth.

(b) Efficiency depends on time and methods of application. 

(c) Crop response to fertiliser application. 

(d) All of the above. 

Ans: (d) All of the above.

3. Nutrients in manures are _____________. 

(a) Readily available. 

(b) Not available. 

(c) Slowly available. 

(d) Partially available. 

Ans: (d) Partially available.

4. Fertilisers are applied mainly _____________. 

(a) To supply nutrients to the crops. 

(b) To correct deficiency.

(c) For proper growth and development of crop. 

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (d) All of the above.

5. In which form nitrogen is easily available to plants? 

(a) Nitrate. 

(b) Nitrite. 

(c) Ammonia.

(d) None of the above. 

Ans: (a) Nitrate.

6. Manures and fertilisers can be applied _____________. 

(a) During the cultivation of land. 

(b) After the seed is sown.

(c) In standing crop. 

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (d) All of the above.

C. Subjective Questions:

1. What are bio-fertilisers? How can they be classified?

Ans: They are preparations containing microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and algae in sufficient quantity, helping plant growth and nutrition. Bio-fertilisers help to add, conserve and stimulate plant nutrients in the soil. Some microorganisms fix atmospheric nitrogen symbiotically, some convert insoluble phosphates to soluble phosphates in the soil. They decompose the complex organic matter and make them easily available to plants. Microorganism activities in the soil are significant in improving the soil fertility. 

Following are the different types of bio-fertilisers:

(i) Rhizobium.

(ii) Azotobacter.

(iii) Azospirillium. 

(iv) Blue-green algae. 

(v) Azolla. 

(vi) Phosphate-solubilising microorganism. 

(vii) Mycorrhiza.

2. Write down the precautions that need to be taken while applying bio-fertilisers?

Ans: Precautions while applying bio-fertilisers:

(i) Do not mix bio-fertilisers with chemical fertilisers or pesticides.

(ii) Bio-fertilisers should be used before the expiry date.

(iii) Store the packet in a cool and dry place, away from direct sunlight.

(iv) Use recommended dosage only.

(v) Use bio-fertilisers as soon as possible after opening the packet.

3. What is green manure? What are its advantages and disadvantages?

Ans: Some plants, after decomposing, add plant nutrients to the soil and improve the soil condition. Such plants are called ‘green manure crops’. Manuring of the soil by this method is called ‘green manuring’. Some green manuring plants at immature or flowering stages are buried as a whole into the soil, while in some cases, only leaves are added to the soil. Selection of the practice depends upon the soil, climatic conditions and availability of green manuring crops. 

Advantages of green manure:

(i) It improves the soil structure. 

(ii) Due to slow decomposition, once applied, it releases gradually. 

(iii) It adds organic matter to the soil. 

(iv) It lowers the runoff and facilitates the infiltration of rainwater. 

(v) Nutrients that otherwise may leach out are held up by plants. 

(vi) Leguminous crop when used as green manure fixes nitrogen to the soil through root nodules.

(vii) It stimulates the activity of soil microorganisms. 

(viii) It checks the growth of weeds when grown as an intercrop. 

(ix) Nutrients at the deeper layer may be brought up by the manure crop.

Disadvantages:

(i) Requires extra time and space.

(ii) Some green manure crops may compete with main crops.

(iii) Not suitable for all soils and climatic conditions.

(iv) Needs proper management and timing.

4. Compare the advantages of green manure and bio-fertilisers.

Ans: Advantages of green manure:

(i) It improves the soil structure. 

(ii) Due to slow decomposition, once applied, it releases gradually. 

(iii) It adds organic matter to the soil. 

(iv) It lowers the runoff and facilitates the infiltration of rainwater. 

(v) Nutrients that otherwise may leach out are held up by plants. 

(vi) Leguminous crop when used as green manure fixes nitrogen to the soil through root nodules.

(vii) It stimulates the activity of soil microorganisms. 

(viii) It checks the growth of weeds when grown as an intercrop. 

(ix) Nutrients at the deeper layer may be brought up by the manure crop.

Advantages of Bio-fertilisers:

(i) They help in fixing atmospheric nitrogen in the soil, especially through symbiotic and free-living microorganisms.

(ii) They convert insoluble phosphates into soluble forms, making them available to plants.

(iii) They decompose complex organic matter into simpler forms which plants can easily absorb.

(iv) They significantly improve soil fertility by enhancing the microbial activity in the soil.

(v) They increase the availability of plant nutrients without causing pollution or soil degradation.

(vi) They help in conserving and stimulating essential nutrients in the soil ecosystem.

(vii) They are environmentally friendly and support sustainable agriculture.

(viii) They reduce the dependency on chemical fertilisers and lower the cost of cultivation.

(ix) Some bio-fertilisers (like Rhizobium, Azolla) also improve the structure and aeration of the soil through root association.

D. Match the Columns:

Ans:

A. Fill in the Blanks: 

1. The artificial supply of water to support plant growth and production in the absence of adequate supply of water through rainfall is known as _______________. 

Ans: Irrigation.

2. Surface irrigation is irrigation through ______________ of the surface, bed or border method, ring and basin method and furrow method. 

Ans: Flood irrigation.

3. Basin method of irrigation is suitable for ______________ crop. 

Ans: Orchid.

4. An irrigation method that involves slow application of water to the root zone is called ________________. 

Ans: Drip irrigation.

5. Water with pressure is forced through revolving nozzles is ________________ system of irrigation.

Ans: Sprinkler.

B. Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Flood irrigation is followed in ______________. 

(a) Highly spaced crops. 

(b) Densely planted crops. 

(c) Both (a) and (b). 

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (b) Densely planted crops. 

2. Waterlogging (bad drainage) is a problem that arises due to _________________. 

(a) Excessive or continuous use of water. 

(b) Hard pan to lower strata.

(c) Slow-permeable soils. 

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (d) All of the above.

3. What about the sprinkler system of irrigation is true? 

(a) It saves water up to 30–35 per cent. 

(b) It distributes water up to a depth of 10–15 mm. 

(c) Both (a) and (b).

(d) None of the above.

Ans: (c) Both (a) and (b). 

4. Addition of sulphuric acid or sulphur _____________ the pH of irrigation water. 

(a) Increases. 

(b) Reduces. 

(c) Neutralises. 

(d) None of the above.  

Ans: (b) Reduces. 

C. Subjective Questions:

1. Why is irrigation important for plant life?

Ans: Water is necessary for plant growth. It is the medium through which the nutrients are absorbed by the plants from the soil. The water is also necessary for various physiological activities. Plants contain about 90% water. Water is lost through transpiration and this loss has to be made up by regular supply through irrigation.

2. What are the different methods of irrigation? Describe sprinkler irrigation.

Ans: There are three methods of irrigation, viz:

(i) Surface irrigation.

(ii) Sub-surface irrigation.

(iii) Aerial, overhead or sprinkler irrigation.

Sprinkler or overhead irrigation: In this method, water is sprinkled over the crop, as well as, on soil in a circular fashion as rain does. Water with pressure is forced with revolving sprinkler nozzles through pipes fitted with a stand. The nozzles revolve due to pressure of water and spread water in the form of thin spray. Water can be applied at controlled rate and distributed uniformly. This is a more efficient system as compared to the other methods. It is an ideal system for hilly and undulating regions, where other systems cannot be used.

3. Give the merits and demerits of the border irrigation system.

Ans: The merits and demerits of border irrigation system are as under:

Merits:

(i) It is suitable to irrigate crops on steep slopes, up to 7 per cent slopes.

Demerits:

(i) Larger flows are required for irrigating the border strip.

(ii) For laying out strips, the land is to be graded uniformly. The water requirement is more.

(iii) It is suited only for soils that do not readily disperse.

(iv) To avoid waterlogging, a proper drainage system is required.

4. What is drip irrigation? How is it useful?

Ans: In this system, water is led through plastic pipes, and finally, let out through mechanical devices called ‘emitters’. There is a direct and continuous wetting of the root region. This system ensures highest efficiency in the use of water.

Advantages: 

(i) There is minimum loss of irrigation water by percolation and evaporation.

(ii) Water is supplied as per the requirement of the crop and optimum moisture is always maintained.

(iii) This system also facilitates the supply of liquid fertilisers directly to the roots of the plant through venturi assembly.

(iv) It saves water up to 40–60 per cent.

(v) An increase in yield by 10–25 per cent has been reported in several crops.

(vi) Problem of weed and cost of labour are minimised.

(vii) Low humidity in the field, coupled with a weed-free environment, minimises pest attack.

(viii) It is ideal for slopes or undulated land, especially hills.

D.  Match the Columns:

Ans:

Parimol

Hi! my Name is Parimal Roy. I have completed my Bachelor’s degree in Philosophy (B.A.) from Silapathar General College. Currently, I am working as an HR Manager at Dev Library. It is a website that provides study materials for students from Class 3 to 12, including SCERT and NCERT notes. It also offers resources for BA, B.Com, B.Sc, and Computer Science, along with postgraduate notes. Besides study materials, the website has novels, eBooks, health and finance articles, biographies, quotes, and more.