Class 11 Floriculturist Chapter 2 Nursery Management

Class 11 Floriculturist Chapter 2 Nursery Management Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters Class 11 Floriculturist Chapter 2 Nursery Management Question Answer and select need one. Class 11 Floriculturist Notes Download PDF. AHSEC Class 11 Elective Floriculturist Question Answer English Medium.

Class 11 Floriculturist Chapter 2 Nursery Management

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Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. AHSEC Class 11 Floriculturist Textual Solutions are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given AHSEC Class 11 Floriculturist Textbook Solutions English Medium for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Nursery Management

Chapter: 2

A.  Fill in the Blanks: 

1. A place where seedlings or planting material is raised under controlled conditions is known as_______________. 

Ans: Nursery.

2. A type of nursery established for an ongoing project of landscaping is_____________. 

Ans: Temporary nursery.

3. Temporary nursery is also known as ________________ nursery. 

Ans: Seasonal.

4. Permanent nursery may also be called a ______________ nursery.

Ans: Commercial.

5. Commercial nursery supplies ____________ continuously, whenever required. 

Ans: Planting material.

B. Multiple Choice Questions: 

1. Nursery raising _____________overall period of the crop in the main field. 

(a) Reduces. 

(b) Optimises. 

(c) Maximises.

(d) None of the above. 

Ans: (a) Reduces.

2. Temporary nursery is _______________. 

(a) For seasonal planting. 

(b) Nursery on site. 

(c) For planting in forest and hilly regions.

(d) All of the above. 

Ans: (d) All of the above.

3. Nursery established under protected structure is known as _____________. 

(a) Hi-tech nursery. 

(b) Technical nursery.

(c) Low-cost nursery. 

(d) All of the above. 

Ans: (d) All of the above.

4. Cytokinins are hormones that help in _______________.

(a) Cell division.

(b) Ripening.

(c) Cell elongation.

(d) Cell enlargement.

Answer: (a) Cell division.

5. Complex organic compounds applied in minute quantity to promote or inhibit the growth of the plant are __________________.

(a) PGRs.

(b) Micro-elements.

(c) Organic fertiliser.

(d) Macro-elements.

Answer: (a) PGRs.

C. Subjective Questions:

1. Do you think nurseries are important?

Ans: Importance of Nursery:

(i) Wastage of small and expensive hybrid seeds is reduced considerably due to better care and management.

(ii) Germination percentage can be improved by providing ideal conditions in a comparatively smaller place.

(iii) The management of seedlings can be done in a better way with minimum care, cost, and maintenance as the nursery area is small. Flowers with very small growth are difficult to grow without first raising the nursery.

(iv) By selecting vigorous and healthy seedlings in the nursery for transplanting, better and uniform crop growth can be obtained in the main field through better survival chances.

(v) The duration of the crop is reduced in the main field by at least a month due to the raising of seedlings, which saves land and labor of the main field and also gives enough time for harvesting the previous crop.

(vi) The control of insect pests, diseases, and weeds is easy in a nursery.

(vii) Nurseries offer great opportunities for employment to semi-skilled, skilled, and unskilled human resources.

2. What are the different kinds of nurseries? Describe the benefits of one of them.

Ans: Nurseries are classified on the basis of duration, plant produce and structure used.

They types of nurseries are:

(i) Temporary nursery.

(ii) Permanent nursery.

(iii) Ornamental nursery.

(iv) Vegetable nursery.

(v) Fruit plant nursery.

(vi) Forest nursery. 

The benefits of one of them are:

(i) Temporary nursery: This type of nursery is established for an ongoing project of landscaping, forest, hilly regions or in a natural garden in a particular season. It may also be called ‘nursery on site’.As the name indicates, it exists for a short period or up to the completion of the targeted project. The temporary nursery fulfils the seasonal requirement of landscaping. Seedlings produced in a temporary nursery are according to target and utilised fully, and not for any type of sale. Seedlings are raised only for a season and as soon as the seedlings are transplanted, the role of nursery is over. Therefore, it is also called ‘seasonal nursery’. There are several advantages with some underlying disadvantages of a temporary nursery. Initial investment in such a nursery is very low. It eliminates transportation, so first of all, the cost of transportation is reduced; secondly, transitional shock to the seedlings is negligible. Creation of extra infrastructure is not required. The prepared plants are according to the task and utilised completely. Wastage of seedlings due to mortality is minimum.

3. Why are Plant Growth Regulators used?

Ans: Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are complex organic compounds, other than nutrients, which are applied in minute quantities to promote or inhibit growth. The use of plant growth regulators is being enhanced to manipulate flowering, growth, and yield of flowering plants. PGRs help in controlling and influencing various growth processes in plants, such as cell division, elongation, flowering, fruit development, and overall plant health.

They are applied in very low concentrations, i.e., in parts per million (ppm), and can be used in powder, paste, or spray form. They are essential for improving plant development and managing specific growth traits, such as early flowering or better root growth.

D. Match the Columns:

Ans:

A. Fill in the Blanks: 

1. In water scarcity or shortages, _______________ bed helps to conserve moisture. 

Ans: Sunken beds.

2. Level beds are commonly known as _________________. 

Ans: Flat beds.

3. In raised bed preparation, the soil is raised upto a height of ________________ cm. 

Ans: 15–20.

4. Seed treatment prevents ____________ and ____________ infections. 

Ans: Soil-borne and seed-borne.

5. Ideal soil types as growing media are ____________ and _________________. 

Ans: Light and sandy soil.

6. Clayey soil is not a desirable medium due to ___________ and _______________.

Ans: Poor aeration and stickiness.

B. Multiple Choice Questions: 

1. Micro-nutrients can be applied through _______________. 

(a) Deep placement.

(b) Top dressing. 

(c) Foliar feeding. 

(d) Basal dressing.

Ans: (c) Foliar feeding. 

2. The usual size of sand is from _______________. 

(a) 2.0 to 2.5 mm.

(b) 0.05 to 2.0 mm. 

(c) 2.5 to 3.0 mm. 

(d) 3.0 to 3.5 mm.

Ans: (b) 0.05 to 2.0 mm.

3. Dilution of formalin applied for the sterilisation of soil in nursery is __________. 

(a) 0.25% 

(b) 2.50% 

(c) 25.0% 

(d) 0.025% 

Ans: (a) 0.25%

4. __________________, a biological agent, is effective against soil-borne fungi. 

(a) Fusarium spp. 

(b) Trichoderma spp.

(c) Sclerotinia spp. 

(d) Trichogramma spp. 

Ans: (c) Sclerotinia spp.

C. Subjective Questions:

1. What is a growing medium? List its types.

Ans: The material in which plants grow in a pot is known as ‘growing medium’ or ‘potting medium’. The selection of the type of potting material is important as the growth of plants completely depends on it. The main function of the growing medium is to supply nutrients, air, and water to the roots of the growing plants. It supports the plant physically and holds it in an upright position, allowing growth against the gravitational force. For these functions, it is necessary that the medium facilitates the growth of roots within it. It must be porous and allow aeration, must have good water-holding capacity, and should be free from toxins, ailments, and insect pests.

Types of growing media:

(i) Garden soil: Light and sandy soils are ideal growing media, while loamy, silt or clayey soils are not preferred due to poor aeration and stickiness. The soil contains both organic and inorganic matter. Soil is a common, universal, easily available and comparatively cheaper medium used in a nursery. 

(ii) Sand: Large particle size makes this medium more porous, aerated and well-drained. The water-holding capacity of this medium decreases with an increase in the size of particles. The usual size of sand is 0.05–2.0 mm. Quartz sand is a useful growing medium but it lacks nutrient content. It is relatively inexpensive and heavy. Generally, it is mixed with soil and used as a well drained porous medium.

(iii) Compost: It is decomposed organic matter used with soil. Dropped leaves, twigs, grass clippings, cattle feed waste, and farm animal excreta are some of the common ingredients that are used for the preparation of compost. All these are allowed to decompose in a pit prepared at the farm. Compost contains major and minor nutrients that plants need for growth.

(iv) Sphagnum moss:  It has excellent water-holding capacity and can hold water many times its weight. It is commonly used as a rooting medium in air layering. It is comparatively costly and not available easily.

(v) Peat: Peat consists of residues from a marsh swamp. It comprises some organic nitrogen. It helps in fast vegetative growth. It is commonly used for growing newly rooted cuttings or newly germinated seeds.

(vi) Coir peat: It is obtained from coir fibre dust. It is acidic in nature and has a pH of about 5.0. It has a high water retention capacity.

(vii) Vermiculite: It is chemically hydrated magnesium aluminium iron silicate. It is produced by heat treatment of mica. It is porous and light in weight. It has a good water-holding capacity.

(viii) Perlite It is a natural mineral of volcanic origin, which is light weight. The pH is usually neutral to slightly alkaline.

(ix) Saw dust: These are the by-products of saw mills. It is easily available and cheap. It is poor in nutrient content but can be used after the addition of nitrogen. 

These types of growing media are essential for the propagation of plants, ensuring they get the right support for root growth and nutrition.

2. Why do you think nursery beds are required? 

Ans: A nursery bed is a well-prepared piece of land used for raising seedlings or rooting planting material. It acts as a temporary place for the development of young seedlings. Seedlings are transplanted at a definite stage of growth from nursery bed to the main field. Nursery bed is a small plot of 1-metre width where the seeds are sown closely width-wise. 

There are several advantages of raising the seedlings in the nursery bed:

(i) Due to the small size of a plot, it becomes convenient to look after the germinated seeds and the coming seedlings.

(ii) Favourable conditions can be provided efficiently in a relatively small area.

(iii) Precautionary measures against diseases and pests can be undertaken easily.

(iv) Raised bed avoids water stagnation and provides aeration to roots, enabling their fast growth and better establishment of seedlings.

(v) Due to intense care, the percentage of seed germination improves.

(vi) Seed wastage due to washing away and wrong placement is checked.

(vii) The time period required for the preparation of seedlings in a nursery proves to be a bonus for the preparation of the field or late harvesting of the previous crop

3. Describe the different methods of fertiliser application in a nursery.

Ans: The different methods of fertiliser application in a nursery are as under:

Manures: It releases nutrients gradually. When applied, manures are likely to fulfill the leached amount of nutrients from the soil over a period of time. Besides this, it improves soil texture, which improves drainage and aeration. It is, therefore, recommended to thoroughly mix rotten Farm Yard Manure (FYM) at the time of land preparation. During the preparation of nursery beds, the soil is thoroughly mixed with 5–10 kg of rotten FYM per square metre area. 

Fertilisers:

(i) Basal application: Application of fertiliser at the time of nursery bed preparation and/or at sowing of seeds is called ‘basal application’ or ‘basal dressing’. In this method, fertilisers are spread uniformly across the nursery bed and mixed with soil. This method is suitable for phosphatic and potassic fertilisers. 

(ii) Top dressing: Broadcasting of fertilisers, particularly nitrogenous fertilisers, in readily available form to growing plants in standing crop is called ‘top dressing’. 

(iii) Foliar feeding: It is another method of fertiliser application to nursery crops, particularly for vegetable and flowering plants. Only nutrients, like nitrogen, or micronutrients can be applied through foliar application. If a crop suffers due to deficiency of micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) deficiency symptoms appear on plants, it can be corrected by foliar feeding. It requires certain precautions, like low concentration of nutrients and availability of sufficient foliage. 

4. What is soil solarisation?

Ans: In this method, the temperature of the soil or medium is raised so high (47º C and above) that infested or incubated pests get controlled or destroyed. It is a physical method that utilises the energy of the Sun to increase the temperature. It is, generally, followed in tropical and subtropical India, where the Sun is too hot during summers.  

D.  Match the Columns:

Ans:

A. Fill in the Blanks:

1. The best method of sowing seed in a nursery is _______________. 

Ans: Line sowing.

2. High value annual seeds are preferred to be sown in _____________. 

Ans: Pro-trays.

3. An ideal potting medium should have good ______________capacity. 

Ans: Water-holding.

4. A common and serious disease of a seedling at the nursery stage is known 

as__________________. 

Ans: Damping-off.

5. Rooted stem or roots cutting commercially are an important method of 

_____________. 

Ans: Ornamental plant.

6. Transferring a plant from one pot to another is termed as ______________.

Ans: Reporting.

B. Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Seeds are, generally, sown at a depth of 3–4 times of its _____________. 

(a) Radius.

(b) Diameter.

(c) Length. 

(d) Width.

Ans: (b) Diameter.

2. Potting mixture should _______________. 

(a) Supply adequate nutrition.

(b) Have good drainage.

(c) Have good water-holding capacity. 

(d) All of the above.

3. Damping-off is, generally, favoured by _______________. 

(a) High sunlight. 

(b) High temperature. 

(c) Low temperature. 

(d) High humidity. 

Ans: (d) All of the above.

4. Transplanting from one pot to another is termed as _______________. 

(a) Depotting. 

(b) Potting. 

(c) Repotting.

(d) Transplanting.

Ans: (c) Repotting.

C. Subjective Questions:

1. What are the different methods of seed sowing?

Ans: The different methods of seed sowing are:

(i) Broadcasting: After the preparation of a nursery, spread the seeds on nursery beds and cover them with finely sieved rotten FYM or compost. This method has some disadvantages, as seeds cannot be placed at equal distance. This might require a large number of seeds in comparison to other methods of seed sowing.

(ii) Line sowing (shallow trenches on bed): It is the best method of sowing seeds in a nursery. Sowing in lines improves germination and quality of seedlings. In this method, each seed gets independent space, and hence, grows healthy and vigorously. In this method, the diseased seedlings and weeds can be managed easily.

(iii) Seed sowing in plug trays: High value and hybrid seeds are preferred to be sown in plug trays (pro-trays) instead of open field nursery beds. Pro-trays are made of soft plastic having shallow plugs. These plugs are filled with planting medium. Coco peat, a by-product of the coir industry having a high water-holding capacity, is commonly used as a medium in pro-trays.

2. How are seeds sown in plug trays?

Ans: High value and hybrid seeds are preferred to be sown in plug trays (pro-trays) instead of open field nursery beds. Pro-trays are made of soft plastic having shallow plugs. These plugs are filled with planting medium. Coco peat, a by-product of the coir industry having a high water-holding capacity, is commonly used as a medium in pro-trays.

3. What is potting? Demonstrate the method of potting.

Ans: Potting refers to the transferring of plants from seed beds or polyethylene bags to pots containing a suitable potting mixture.

Steps for Potting:

(i) Selection of the Pot: Choose a pot based on the plant size and growth habits.

(ii) Filling the Pot with Potting Mixture: The pot is filled with a well-prepared potting mixture, ensuring good drainage and aeration. A layer of coarse sand may be added at the bottom to enhance drainage.

(iii) Placing the Plant: A healthy rooted cutting or a plant with a well-established root system is carefully removed from the nursery bed and placed in the center of the pot.

(iv) Watering and Staking the plant: Once the plant is placed in the pot, the potting mix is filled around the root ball and pressed lightly. The plant is watered gently. If the stem is long or weak, staking with a bamboo stick is done to provide support.

(v) Placement of the Pot: After potting, place the pot in a cool, shaded area to allow the plant to settle before being moved to a permanent location.

4. Explain the hardening of plants in a nursery.

Ans: Hardening of seedlings is nothing but withholding of water to nursery beds for a few days before removing them for transplanting. Hardening of seedlings is necessary to prepare them for withstanding transplanting shock. It is also practiced in situations where preparation of land is delayed and the seedlings become over-sized.

5. Describe the common nursery insect pests and diseases. How can they be controlled?

Ans: Common insect pests and diseases in a nursery are given below:

D.  Match the Columns:

Ans: 

Parimol

Hi! my Name is Parimal Roy. I have completed my Bachelor’s degree in Philosophy (B.A.) from Silapathar General College. Currently, I am working as an HR Manager at Dev Library. It is a website that provides study materials for students from Class 3 to 12, including SCERT and NCERT notes. It also offers resources for BA, B.Com, B.Sc, and Computer Science, along with postgraduate notes. Besides study materials, the website has novels, eBooks, health and finance articles, biographies, quotes, and more.