SEBA Class 9 Home Science Chapter 5 Family Resources Management Solutions in English Medium to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters SEBA Class 9 Home Science Chapter 5 Family Resources Management Question Answer, SEBA Class 9 Elective Home Science Notes in English Medium and select need one.
SEBA Class 9 Home Science Chapter 5 Family Resources Management
Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SEBA (CBSE) Book guidelines. SEBA Class 9 Home Science Chapter 5 Family Resources Management Notes. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Elective Home Science Class 9 SEBA Solutions for All Chapters, You can practice these here.
Family Resources Management
Chapter – 5
| EXERCISE |
1. Write what you know about the uses of a refrigerator. State some of the ways of handling it.
Ans: A refrigerator is a machine for keeping things cold. It is sometimes called a fridge or an icebox. It is normally maintained at 4-5 degree Celsius for household use. People put food and drinks in it, to keep those items cold or good (unspoiled) for a longer time.
The ways of handling it:
(i) Prolonging Shelf Life: Refrigerators extend the shelf life of items like meat, fish, and poultry by storing them at lower temperatures.
(ii) Medication Storage: Refrigerators are used to store certain medicines, vaccines, and medical samples that require cold temperatures.
(iii) Making Ice: Freezers in refrigerators are used for making ice cubes and storing frozen food items.
(iv) Preserving Leftovers: It helps in reducing food wastage by preserving leftovers for later consumption.
2. How can you wash clothes in a washing machine? How can you handle it properly?
Ans: When it comes to washing clothes in a washing machine, working smart is crucial. Although the way a washing machines may seem like magic you put your dirty laundry in, and out comes clean, fresh clothes – they are just very convenient household appliances that are easy to use.
Handle it properly are:
(i) Separate your clothes.
(ii) Choose washing cycle.
(iii) Set water temperature.
(iv) Add detergent and fabric softener.
(v) Put in the clothes.
(vi) Turn on the washing machine.
3. Write what you know about the uses of a mixer and grinder. State some ways of handling it.
Ans: The mixer consists of a base which holds the motor and controls, a glass, plastic or steel food container that fits on the base and a cover for the container. There are many sharp blades made of steel inside the container.
The mixer is primarily designed for whisking, beating etc. Attachments are available for blending (liquidizing as for milk shakes, lassi), mixing coffee, grinding, slicing and shredding, juice extracting and grinding masalas and chutneys. Some models have attachments for kneading the dough, wet grinding as for vadas, dosa etc.
some ways of handling it:
(i) Clean Regularly: Wash the jars and blades after each use to prevent residue buildup.
(ii) Dry Components Thoroughly: Ensure all parts are dry before assembling to avoid electrical issues.
(iii) Store Safely: Keep the appliance in a clean, dry place, away from water and extreme heat
4. Explain the working principle of a pressure cooker.
Ans: They are closed saucepan-like vessels made of alu-minium or steel and water vapour is compressed inside to create pressure. This pressure of the water vapour cooks the food within a very short time. This is because the heat of the pressure inside is greater than the boiling point of water. So, that the heat from inside cannot come out, a gasket made of rubber has been provided along with the lid. The excess pressure from the cooker comes out through the exhaust tube provided on the upper side of the lid. Sometimes if the exhaust tube is blocked with food or due to less water in the cooker, the cooker may burst. A safety valve on the cover of the pressure cooker is provided for this purpose. It is so designed that it blows out if the pressure becomes too high inside the pressure cooker.
(i) Sealed Environment:
(a) When the lid of the pressure cooker is locked, it creates a sealed environment that prevents steam from escaping.
(ii) Heat Application:
(a) Heat is applied to the cooker, causing the water inside to boil and produce steam.
(iii) Increased Pressure:
(a) Since the steam cannot escape, it accumulates, increasing the pressure inside the cooker.
(iv) Boiling Point Elevation:
(a) The boiling point of water increases with pressure. For instance, at normal atmospheric pressure (1 atm), water boils at 100°C, but inside a pressure cooker (at higher pressure), water can boil at 120°C or higher.
(v) Faster Cooking:
(a) The higher temperature cooks food more quickly because the heat transfer rate increases, and water remains in liquid form even at higher temperatures, which helps cook food faster and retain moisture.
(vi) Pressure Release Mechanism:
(a) A pressure regulator or safety valve ensures that the pressure doesn’t exceed safe limits. Excess steam escapes through the valve if the pressure becomes too high, preventing accidents.
| EXERCISE |
1. State ways to save energy.
Ans: Ways to save energy are:
(i) Switch off lights and electrical appliances when not using them.
(ii) Switch to energy-saving LED light globes.
(iii) Shut doors and close curtains.
(iv) Save energy in how you wash and dry clothes.
(v) Understand and improve your home’s energy use.
(vi) Save energy in the kitchen.
(vii) Manage your heating and cooling.
2. What do you mean by work simplification?
Ans: Simplification is the process of removing tasks from existing roles in order to make them more focused.
3. What do you mean by dovetailing?
Ans: It is the method of combining two or more activities at the same time. While dal and vegetable is being cooked, one can finish washing dirty utensils. After putting water to boil for tea, one can knead the dough, heat the milk or cut vegetables till such time as the water gets boiled. In this way both time and energy can be saved.
4. Narrate the different methods of work simplification.
Ans: The different methods of work simplification are mentioned below:
(i) Changes in body position and motions: In order to bring about motion economy, the workplace should be so arranged that most of the body of the worker is at rest while both the hands work rhythmically from left to right. The worker must be alert and make use of all available help and avoid walking back and forth.
Motion economy is made possible by:
(a) Keeping the body position static and using both hands in unison while working.
(b) Arranging the activities in sequence and saving energy.
(c) Planning work space and arrangement to avoid walking back and forth and saving time and energy.
(d) Using smaller steps of motion while working and keeping frequently used items within easy reach.
(e) Be aware about the body posture while working. Too much of bending or bending the hip region or the like is not advisable. In other words strain should be reduced on the back bone.
(f) Lifting too heavy objects and straining the muscles or too much pressure should not be given.
(ii) Change in working process and tools and equipment: The scientists have introduced various tools and equipments so that time and labour can be saved in various ways while working. Equipments should be selected according to our work and capacity. They should be located at their point of need and use. Examples of such equipments are pressure cooker, cooker, milk cooker, gas stove, oven, microwave oven, toaster etc. Various equipments should be selected according to our work and placed within our easy reach. In earlier times firewood was used to cook food.
This arrangement needed labour and was stressful:
(a) Because the chullah was at a lower height, repeated up and down movements were needed, the heat of the fire reached the body directly specially during summer causing much problem.
(b) The utensils used for cooking became dirty easily and needed much trouble to clean, wasting much time and labour.
(c) The fire of chullah produced smoke, thus dirtying the whole house. The result is, more time and labour needed to clean.
(iii) Changes in the work sequence: A list should be prepared for the work to be done and the work to be done during the day properly. Future work which is to be done should be planned according to priority. Two or three activities can be performed at the same time using minimum energy. For example, while washing clothes in a machine, other clothes can be ironed. While cooking food in pressure cooker, oven or microwave oven, other sorts of work can be accomplished. The vegetables required for the week can be bought at the same time, washed and kept in the refrigerator. If this is done expense can be saved along with time and energy. Going to the market everyday can also be done away with.
(iv) Change in the finished product: A lot of effort can be saved by adopting changes in the finished products. Cooking food in large amount or baking a big cake takes time. In that case, the same food when kept in small utensils or when put in the separators of the cooker can be prepared easily. In the same way instead of making pan cakes one by one, they can be made in the pressure cooker using the idli stand in large numbers at the same time. While making luchis or puris instead of making one by one, a big one can be rolled out and cut into small pieces and fried which will save both time and labour.
(v) Change in the raw material: Enormous reduction of time and energy could be achieved by bringing about changes in the raw material used for a task. For example-spices can be ground into powder in the grinder and kept in bottles instead of grinding it everyday in the mortar and pestle. Now-a-days these ground spices are also available in the market. So, they can be bought according to our need thus saving time, energy and labour. In the same way we can store rice powder and dal powder to be used for making many things.
Instead of using table cloth for covering the table, plastic materials can be used, which becomes clean by just wiping it. Neither does it need ironing. In the same way sun-mica can be used in chairs and tables to save time and energy. Varieties of disposable plates are avail-able for occasions. They don’t need to be washed but they can be burnt after use. In this way the homemaker can make time for rest and relaxation.
(vi) Dovetailing: It is the method of combining two or more activities at the same time. While dal and vegetable is being cooked, one can finish washing dirty utensils. After putting water to boil for tea, one can knead the dough, heat the milk or cut vegetables till such time as the water gets boiled. In this way both time and energy can be saved. In this way, every individual should feel himself/herself about the time, energy and skill required for different activities. Only then can one finish the work in an efficient manner.
5. Give the definition of work simplification.
Ans: Work simplification refers to the systematic application of techniques and methods to reduce unnecessary effort, time, and complexity in a task, making it more efficient and productive. It aims to eliminate redundancy and streamline processes without compromising the quality of the outcome.
6. State the role played by changes in body position and motion in work simplification.
Ans: The role played by changes in body position and motion in work simplification are mentioned below:
(i) Optimizing posture can minimize fatigue and prevent repetitive strain injuries.
(ii) Eliminating unnecessary motions saves time and effort.
(iii) Arranging tools and materials within easy reach reduces unnecessary movement.
7. How can changes in raw material help in work simplification.
Ans: Changes in raw materials can significantly simplify work processes by improving efficiency and reducing complexity. By choosing higher-quality or more easily workable materials, tasks such as cutting, molding, or assembling can become faster and require less effort. Substituting raw materials with alternatives that have better properties—such as increased durability, lighter weight, or better adaptability can also reduce waste and lower costs. For example, using pre-fabricated or modular components as raw materials can eliminate unnecessary steps in production, resulting in streamlined workflows and enhanced productivity.
8. How can changes in work sequence help in work simplification.
Ans: Altering the sequence of work can eliminate redundant steps and reduce the time required to complete a task. By reordering tasks logically, workers can minimize backtracking, avoid unnecessary movements, and ensure smoother transitions between processes. A well-planned work sequence can also prevent bottlenecks and enhance coordination among team members. For instance, assembling components in the order of their dependency or arranging tasks to utilize tools and resources in proximity can lead to faster and more efficient outcomes. Ultimately, optimizing the work sequence reduces physical strain and enhances overall productivity.
9. When we say working site, which do we mean?
Ans: A working site refers to the specific location or environment where work is carried out. This could include an office, factory, construction site, or any place where tasks are performed. It is a physical or virtual space where workers are engaged in the production of goods or services, and it is often equipped with the necessary tools, equipment, and resources to facilitate efficient work.
10. How can you work without feeling tired?
Ans: To work without feeling tired, it is essential to maintain a balance between work and rest. Taking short breaks throughout the day can help refresh the mind and body. Practicing good posture, staying hydrated, and eating healthy snacks can boost energy levels. Organizing tasks to prevent overexertion, along with time management, helps avoid fatigue. Additionally, ensuring sufficient sleep and managing stress through relaxation techniques or light physical activity can reduce overall tiredness and enhance productivity.
11. What are the goals of work simplification?
Ans: The goals of work simplification include increasing efficiency, reducing unnecessary effort, minimizing errors, and saving time and costs. By eliminating unnecessary steps and optimizing processes, work simplification aims to improve productivity and make tasks easier and faster to complete. It also seeks to enhance the quality of work, reduce physical and mental strain on workers, and ensure the best utilization of resources. Ultimately, work simplification aims to create a smoother workflow and higher output with fewer resources.
12. What are the ways of working within a limited time?
Ans: Working within a limited time requires prioritization, organization, and efficient time management.
Some effective strategies include:
(i) Setting clear goals to focus efforts on the most important tasks.
(ii) Breaking tasks into smaller, manageable parts to prevent feeling overwhelmed.
(iii) Eliminating distractions and maintaining concentration on the task at hand.
(iv) Delegating tasks when possible to avoid overloading yourself.
(v) Using productivity techniques, such as the Pomodoro technique, which involves working in focused intervals followed by short breaks. Planning ahead by organizing tasks in order of priority and working within realistic timeframes.
13. How can you simplify work by bringing a change in the finished product?
Ans: Simplifying the finished product can make the work process more efficient by reducing the complexity of production or assembly. This can be achieved by redesigning the product to use fewer parts, integrating multiple functions into one component, or selecting simpler materials that are easier to work with. Reducing the number of steps involved in producing or finalizing the product can also streamline operations, lower costs, and reduce the chances of errors. For example, designing a product with fewer complex components makes the assembly process quicker and more cost-effective, contributing to overall work simplification.
14. How can you save energy?
Ans: There are four ways to save energy:
(i) Prepare a well-planned time plan and follow thereby.
(ii) Do not waste time or in other words, finish work at the appointed time.
(iii) To use labour saving devices.
(iv) To finish two or three activities at the same time.
15. How can you save time? State two ways of saving time.
Ans: Saving time is essential for increasing productivity and maintaining a balanced lifestyle. One of the most effective ways to save time is through prioritization, by focusing on tasks that are important and urgent, while delegating or postponing less critical ones. Planning and setting clear goals also play a vital role in managing time effectively, as they provide structure and direction to your day. Additionally, adopting time management tools, like to-do lists or digital calendars, can help organize tasks and deadlines. Eliminating distractions, such as excessive phone use or social media browsing, can also free up time for more meaningful activities. Multitasking, when done strategically, allows you to accomplish several tasks at once without sacrificing quality. Lastly, learning to say no and avoiding overcommitment ensures that your time is spent on things that align with your goals and priorities. By combining these strategies, you can save valuable time and use it more efficiently.
Two ways of saving time:
(i) Prepare a well-planned time plan and follow thereby.
(ii) Do not waste time or in other words, finish work at the appointed time.
16. How can a housewife be benefited if the kitchen is properly planned?
Ans: A housewife can benefit greatly from a properly planned kitchen in several ways. Firstly, an organized kitchen enhances efficiency, allowing her to complete tasks like cooking, cleaning, and meal prep more quickly and with less effort. A well-organized storage system helps to easily access ingredients and utensils, reducing time spent searching for items and avoiding frustration. Secondly, a planned kitchen promotes safety. By ensuring that sharp tools, cleaning supplies, and hot surfaces are well-positioned and properly stored, the risk of accidents is minimized. A clutter-free, organized environment also creates a more pleasant atmosphere, which can make cooking more enjoyable and less stressful. Moreover, a properly planned kitchen encourages healthier eating habits. With clear space for fresh vegetables, fruits, and healthy ingredients, meal preparation becomes more streamlined, which may inspire the housewife to cook nutritious meals regularly.
17. How can one simplify work in the work of building a house?
Ans: Simplifying the work of building a house can be achieved through careful planning, efficient resource management, and the use of modern technology. Firstly, creating a clear and detailed blueprint of the house ensures that all stakeholders understand the design and requirements, reducing the likelihood of costly mistakes. Secondly, breaking the construction process into manageable phases, such as site preparation, foundation, framing, plumbing, and finishing, helps streamline the workflow and prevents confusion. Utilizing construction software can help track progress, costs, and schedules, ensuring that tasks are completed on time and within budget. Additionally, hiring experienced contractors and skilled workers can significantly reduce errors and increase efficiency. Using pre-fabricated materials and modular designs can also speed up the process while maintaining quality. Finally, regular communication between all parties involved ensures that any issues are addressed quickly, minimizing delays and simplifying the overall construction process.
| EXERCISE |
1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
(a) In Home management ____________ is of utmost importance.
Ans: Organization.
(b) If the culex mosquito bites then ____________ occurs.
Ans: Disease.
(c) To eradicate files many of the family use ____________ trap.
Ans: Fly.
(d) Cockroaches like to live in a ______________ of the house.
Ans: Dark.
(e) Three types of mosquitos are-anopheles, culex and _______________.
Ans: Aedes.
2. Write true or false of the following:
(a) The processes of Home management are very easy.
Ans: False.
(b) To protect ourselves from heat and cold different helps are taken.
Ans: False.
(c) Home management process is termed as administrative process of a family.
Ans: True.
(d) Home management is a physical process.
Ans: False.
(e) Human resources are the inherent qualities of human being.
Ans: True.
(f) Proper processes of Home management do not waste energy.
Ans: True.
3. What do you understand by Home management?
Ans: A House Manager is responsible for handling the daily operations of a house and responding to the home owner’s needs.
4. Write the definition of Home management given by Nickel and Dorsey.
Ans: “Home management,” according to Nickel and Dorsey, is “planning, managing, and assessing the use of family resources for the purpose of achieving family goals.
5. Why is it necessary for each member of the family to have knowledge about Home management?
Ans: It is important for each family member to have knowledge about home management because it ensures shared responsibility, promotes efficiency, and contributes to a well-functioning household. When everyone is involved in tasks like budgeting, cooking, cleaning, and organizing, it reduces the burden on one individual and fosters a collaborative approach to daily life. This knowledge helps in time management, making it easier to balance work, family, and personal commitments. Furthermore, understanding financial aspects, such as managing household expenses, helps maintain financial stability. In case of emergencies or challenges, a family with shared knowledge can problem-solve more effectively. Overall, involving all members in home management not only fosters cooperation and communication but also teaches valuable life skills, leading to a more organized and harmonious home.
6. What do you understand by Resources? What are the different types of resources?
Ans: Anything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs and is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable.
There are generally three main types of resources:
(i) Natural Resources: These are resources provided by nature without human intervention.
They include:
(a) Renewable Resources: Resources that can be regenerated naturally within a human lifetime, such as solar energy, wind, water, forests, and agricultural products.
(b) Non-renewable Resources: Resources that are finite and cannot be replenished on a human timescale, such as fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), minerals, and metals.
(ii) Human Resources: These refer to the labor force or human capital used in the production of goods and services.
Human resources encompass:
(a) Skills and Knowledge: The education, expertise, and abilities of individuals contributing to economic activities.
(b) Labor: The physical and mental effort exerted by individuals in various industries.
(iii) Man-made Resources (Capital Resources): These are resources created by humans using natural resources.
They include:
(a) Infrastructure: Buildings, roads, machines, tools, and other physical structures used in production.
(b) Technology: Innovations and inventions that enhance productivity and efficiency, such as computers, machinery, and industrial equipment.
7. Write about the Human resources.
Ans: Human Resources: These refer to the labor force or human capital used in the production of goods and services.
Human resources encompass:
(a) Skills and Knowledge: The education, expertise, and abilities of individuals contributing to economic activities.
(b) Labor: The physical and mental effort exerted by individuals in various industries.
8. Which are the non-human resources?
Ans: Non-human resources include personal possessions, family possessions, and the resources available to the individual in his/her community, state, and nation.
9. Write about the uses and care of a refrigerator.
Ans: A refrigerator is a crucial household appliance that helps preserve perishable food by slowing down bacterial growth through cool temperatures. It is used for storing a variety of food items like fruits, vegetables, dairy, meat, and beverages, as well as freezing items such as ice cream and frozen vegetables. Additionally, it helps in storing leftovers and certain medicines that require cool storage. To ensure its proper functioning, regular care is essential. This includes cleaning the interior with mild soap and water, checking and maintaining the temperature between 37°F (3°C) and 40°F (5°C) for the fridge, and 0°F (-18°C) for the freezer. It’s important to defrost the freezer regularly, inspect the door seals for wear, and avoid overloading the refrigerator to allow proper airflow. Regularly cleaning the coils and ensuring proper ventilation around the appliance helps improve energy efficiency. Lastly, checking the power supply and ensuring the appliance is plugged into a grounded outlet are key to maintaining its longevity and effectiveness. Proper care of the refrigerator ensures that it runs efficiently, keeps food fresh, and reduces energy consumption.
10. How will you wash your soiled clothes in a washing machine and how will you take care of it?
Ans: Wash items in a pre-wash cycle first. Then use a regular wash cycle with detergent. Use the warmest temperature recommended on the labels. Take off your gloves and wash your hands right away after you handle the soiled clothes or linens.
11. Write about the uses and care of food mixers and grinder.
Ans: The uses and care of food mixers and grinder are mentioned below:
(i) The flex should be checked regularly.
(ii) When not in use the appliance should be switched off and the plug removed.
(iii) After use the cover and the jar should be washed with warm water so that no food particles remain inside the blades.
(iv) The appliance should be rubbed or wiped with a dry cloth.
(v) The mixer should never be immersed in water. It should just be wiped off with a damp cloth.
12. Explain the working principles of a pressure cooker.
Ans: They are closed saucepan-like vessels made of alu-minium or steel and water vapour is compressed inside to create pressure. This pressure of the water vapour cooks the food within a very short time. This is because the heat of the pressure inside is greater than the boiling point of water. So, that the heat from inside cannot come out, a gasket made of rubber has been provided along with the lid. The excess pressure from the cooker comes out through the exhaust tube provided on the upper side of the lid. Sometimes if the exhaust tube is blocked with food or due to less water in the cooker, the cooker may burst. A safety valve on the cover of the pressure cooker is provided for this purpose. It is so designed that it blows out if the pressure becomes too high inside the pressure cooker.
(i) Sealed Environment:
(a) When the lid of the pressure cooker is locked, it creates a sealed environment that prevents steam from escaping.
(ii) Heat Application:
(a) Heat is applied to the cooker, causing the water inside to boil and produce steam.
(iii) Increased Pressure:
(a) Since the steam cannot escape, it accumulates, increasing the pressure inside the cooker.
(iv) Boiling Point Elevation:
(a) The boiling point of water increases with pressure. For instance, at normal atmospheric pressure (1 atm), water boils at 100°C, but inside a pressure cooker (at higher pressure), water can boil at 120°C or higher.
(v) Faster Cooking:
(a) The higher temperature cooks food more quickly because the heat transfer rate increases, and water remains in liquid form even at higher temperatures, which helps cook food faster and retain moisture.
(vi) Pressure Release Mechanism:
(a) A pressure regulator or safety valve ensures that the pressure doesn’t exceed safe limits. Excess steam escapes through the valve if the pressure becomes too high, preventing accidents.
13. How will you prepare food item in an electric oven? How will you take care of it?
Ans: This equipment or appliance is used to make cake, biscuit and other like products. Two types of ovens are available in the market-electrical and non-electrical. There are heat generating units in the electric oven and they are fixed with the oven. There are two types of heat generating units one on the upper surface and the other on the lower surface. Once the electricity is on the heat generating units vibrate and the interior of the oven gets heated all over equally. The presence of heat regulators here help in increasing or reducing the heat as needed. Such an arrangement has been made in the oven so that heat from inside the oven cannot come out and the outside heat cannot enter inside. The outside walls of the oven and the cover or door has been provided with heat resistant facilities.
Care:
(i) Sharp instruments should not be used to clean oven.
(ii) The inside of the oven should not be wiped with a damp cloth because cracks may develop on the inner covering.
(iii) Burnt food inside the oven should always be removed.
(iv) Detachable parts of the oven (if present in the box-like oven) should be removed or taken out and cleaned.
14. Explain the working principles of a vacuum cleaner.
Ans: The working principles of a vacuum cleaner are mentioned below:
(i) Motor and Fan: The motor in a vacuum cleaner drives a fan that creates suction. The fan pulls air into the vacuum cleaner, reducing the air pressure inside the machine.
(ii) Suction: When the air pressure inside the vacuum is lower than the outside air pressure, the higher outside pressure pushes dirt and debris into the vacuum cleaner through the nozzle or hose.
(iii) Filtration: The sucked air, carrying dust and dirt, passes through a filter (usually a HEPA or carbon filter) that traps fine particles and prevents them from being released back into the air.
(iv) Dust Collection: The dirt and debris are collected in a dustbin or bag. The vacuum cleaner’s design ensures that the airflow causes the dirt to fall into the collection compartment, leaving clean air to be expelled.
15. What is micro-oven? How will you prepare food in it?
Ans: The microwaves creates an agitation in the food particles and a kind of friction develops in them. This friction creates a heat which cooks the food, Food cooked in this appliance requires very little time and nutrient loss is less.
(i) Place the food in a microwave-safe container.
(ii) Set the cooking time and power level according to the recipe.
(iii) Close the door and start the microwave.
(iv) Carefully remove the food using oven mitts once cooking is complete.
16. Explain the process of energy saving.
Ans: The process of energy saving are mentioned below:
(i) Turn off lights when not required.
(ii) If there is sufficient ventilation at home, then switch off the fans and do not use Air Conditions.
(iii) Switch off the lights at day time, and use lights only wherever required.
(iv) Make use of energy efficient lighting bulbs.
(v) Use solar sources of energy.
(vi) Dry clothes in the sunlight rather than using electric dryers.
17. What do you understand by work simplification?
Ans: Work simplification in simple terms means any work completed without wasting time, energy and labour. This is a human skill, To do any work we can use any scientific method and labour saving devices. In this way every individual specially a homemaker can save a lot of time and energy. According to Gilbert Thomas, if the skill or method used to complete a work is scientific, then the result of the work can be judged easily and appropriate and inappropriate method can be known. As a result an appropriate method can be selected to complete work easily.
18. What does dovetailing mean?
Ans: It is the method of combining two or more activities at the same time. While dal and vegetable is being cooked, one can finish washing dirty utensils. After putting water to boil for tea, one can knead the dough, heat the milk or cut vegetables till such time as the water gets boiled.
19. Explain the different methods of work simplification.
Ans: The different methods of work simplification are mentioned below:
(i) Changes in body position and motions: In order to bring about motion economy, the workplace should be so arranged that most of the body of the worker is at rest while both the hands work rhythmically from left to right. The worker must be alert and make use of all available help and avoid walking back and forth.
Motion economy is made possible by:
(a) Keeping the body position static and using both hands in unison while working.
(b) Arranging the activities in sequence and saving energy.
(c) Planning work space and arrangement to avoid walking back and forth and saving time and energy.
(d) Using smaller steps of motion while working and keeping frequently used items within easy reach.
(e) Be aware about the body posture while working. Too much of bending or bending the hip region or the like is not advisable. In other words strain should be reduced on the back bone.
(f) Lifting too heavy objects and straining the muscles or too much pressure should not be given.
(ii) Change in working process and tools and equipment: The scientists have introduced various tools and equipments so that time and labour can be saved in various ways while working. Equipments should be selected according to our work and capacity. They should be located at their point of need and use. Examples of such equipments are pressure cooker, cooker, milk cooker, gas stove, oven, microwave oven, toaster etc. Various equipments should be selected according to our work and placed within our easy reach. In earlier times firewood was used to cook food. This arrangement needed labour and was stressful.
(a) Because the chullah was at a lower height, repeated up and down movements were needed, the heat of the fire reached the body directly specially during summer causing much problem.
(b) The utensils used for cooking became dirty easily and needed much trouble to clean, wasting much time and labour.
(c) The fire of chullah produced smoke, thus dirtying the whole house. The result is, more time and labour needed to clean.
(iii) Changes in the work sequence: A list should be prepared for the work to be done and the work to be done during the day properly. Future work which is to be done should be planned according to priority. Two or three activities can be performed at the same time using minimum energy. For example, while washing clothes in a machine, other clothes can be ironed. While cooking food in pressure cooker, oven or microwave oven, other sorts of work can be accomplished. The vegetables required for the week can be bought at the same time, washed and kept in the refrigerator. If this is done expense can be saved along with time and energy. Going to the market everyday can also be done away with.
(iv) Change in the finished product: A lot of effort can be saved by adopting changes in the finished products. Cooking food in large amount or baking a big cake takes time. In that case, the same food when kept in small utensils or when put in the separators of the cooker can be prepared easily. In the same way instead of making pan cakes one by one, they can be made in the pressure cooker using the idli stand in large numbers at the same time. While making luchis or puris instead of making one by one, a big one can be rolled out and cut into small pieces and fried which will save both time and labour.
(v) Change in the raw material: Enormous reduction of time and energy could be achieved by bringing about changes in the raw material used for a task. For example-spices can be ground into powder in the grinder and kept in bottles instead of grinding it everyday in the mortar and pestle. Now-a-days these ground spices are also available in the market. So, they can be bought according to our need thus saving time, energy and labour. In the same way we can store rice powder and dal powder to be used for making many things.
Instead of using table cloth for covering the table, plastic materials can be used, which becomes clean by just wiping it. Neither does it need ironing. In the same way sun-mica can be used in chairs and tables to save time and energy. Varieties of disposable plates are avail-able for occasions. They don’t need to be washed but they can be burnt after use. In this way the homemaker can make time for rest and relaxation.
(vi) Dovetailing: It is the method of combining two or more activities at the same time. While dal and vegetable is being cooked, one can finish washing dirty utensils. After putting water to boil for tea, one can knead the dough, heat the milk or cut vegetables till such time as the water gets boiled. In this way both time and energy can be saved. In this way, every individual should feel himself/herself about the time, energy and skill required for different activities. Only then can one finish the work in an efficient manner.
20. Give the definition of work simplification.
Ans: Work simplification is the organized application of common sense to eliminate waste of any kind, such as time, energy, space and imagination through simpler or better ways of doing work.
21. State the role played by changes in body position and motion in work simplification.
Ans: The role played by changes in body position and motion in work simplification:
(i) Reducing Fatigue: Proper body positioning allows the muscles to work in their natural alignment, reducing unnecessary strain and fatigue. For example, maintaining an ergonomic posture during repetitive tasks can prevent muscle overuse.
(ii) Minimizing Unnecessary Movements: Simplified and deliberate motions eliminate wasted energy. For instance, organizing tools within easy reach reduces the need for excessive bending, stretching, or walking.
(iii) Enhancing Efficiency: Streamlined movements save time and energy. Rotating the body instead of twisting the spine, or shifting weight from one leg to another appropriately, ensures smoother and quicker task execution.
22. How can changes in raw material help in work-simplification?
Ans: Changes in raw material can simplify work by using materials that are easier to handle, require less processing, or are more suited to the task. For example, using lightweight or pre-processed materials can reduce effort and time, enhance efficiency, and minimize wastage.
23. How can changes in work sequences help in work simplification?
Ans: Changing work sequences can optimize the workflow by eliminating unnecessary steps, reducing repetition, and ensuring a logical order of tasks. This leads to a smoother process, saving time and effort, and reducing the chances of errors.
24. What do we mean when we say working site?
Ans: A working site refers to the specific location where tasks or operations are carried out. It includes the physical environment, tools, and equipment available for completing the work. A well-organized working site enhances productivity and minimizes distractions.
25. How will you work without feeling fatigue?
Ans: To work without feeling fatigue are mentioned below:
(i) Take short breaks regularly.
(ii) Maintain proper posture and ergonomics.
(iii) Use efficient tools and techniques to reduce physical strain.
(iv) Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet.
(v) Manage tasks with proper planning and prioritize rest.
26. What are the goals of work simplification?
Ans: The goals of work simplification are mentioned below:
(i) To save time and energy or labour (physical).
(ii) Adopting easy and simple method to complete the work.
(iii) Making the working process easy and doing work on time, In other words staying away from work burden by keeping work for a later time.
(iv) To keep the body away from fatigue or tiredness.
(v) Eager to save time and energy.
27. What are the ways of working within a limited time?
Ans: The ways of working within a limited time are mentioned below:
(i) Planning: Prepare and organize tasks in advance.
(ii) Prioritization: Focus on essential tasks first.
(iii) Task Delegation: Delegate tasks where possible to save time.
(iv) Efficiency: Work with focus, minimizing distractions and unnecessary breaks.
(v) Ergonomics: Ensure proper body posture and workspace setup to prevent fatigue.
28. How can you simplify work by bringing a change in the finished product?
Ans: Simplifying work by changing the finished product involves making thoughtful adjustments in design, process, and materials to improve efficiency and usability. One approach is standardizing parts or components, which reduces production variation and streamlines assembly. Another method is adopting modular design, where the product is created in interchangeable sections, enabling easier assembly, maintenance, and upgrades. Automation can also play a key role by reducing manual labor and human error, accelerating production without compromising quality. Additionally, using superior materials can minimize finishing work and enhance product durability. Prioritizing ergonomic design ensures the product is user-friendly, thus reducing the need for complex training. Lastly, lean manufacturing techniques can eliminate waste, optimizing resources and reducing overall production time. These changes simplify work processes while maintaining, if not improving, the final product’s quality.
29. How can you save energy?
Ans: (i) Prepare a well-planned time plan and follow thereby.
(ii) Do not waste time or in other words, finish work at the appointed time.
(iii) To use labour saving devices.
(iv) To finish two or three activities at the same time.
30. State four ways of saving time.
Ans: Four ways of saving time are:
(i) Prepare a well-planned time plan and follow thereby.
(ii) Do not waste time or in other words, finish work at the appointed time.
(iii) To use labour saving devices.
(iv) To finish two or three activities at the same time.
31. How can a housewife be benefitted by a well planned kitchen?
Ans: A well-planned kitchen can significantly benefit a housewife by enhancing efficiency, saving time, and reducing effort in daily cooking tasks. Thoughtful organization of kitchen tools, storage, and appliances ensures easy access to necessary items, streamlining meal preparation. A well-arranged layout, with separate zones for food prep, cooking, and cleaning, reduces unnecessary movement, making the cooking process quicker and less stressful. Proper storage systems can help in reducing clutter, keeping ingredients fresh, and avoiding wastage. In addition, energy-efficient appliances can save both time and money, making the kitchen more functional and pleasant to work in.
32. How can one simplify work in the work of construction of a house?
Ans: Simplifying the construction of a house can be achieved by careful planning, effective project management, and utilizing modern construction techniques. Detailed blueprints and designs should be prepared in advance, considering factors like space optimization and material choices. Using prefabricated materials or modular components can reduce construction time and labor costs. Streamlining the selection of materials, choosing readily available and durable options, can prevent delays. Hiring experienced contractors and workers ensures the work is carried out efficiently and within budget. Implementing proper project timelines and coordination among different teams (plumbers, electricians, carpenters, etc.) can minimize disruptions and ensure a smoother workflow throughout the construction process.
