NIOS Class 12 Mass Communication Chapter 11 Formats of Radio Programmes

NIOS Class 12 Mass Communication Chapter 11 Formats of Radio Programmes, Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters NIOS Class 12 Mass Communication Chapter 11 Formats of Radio Programmes and select need one. NIOS Class 12 Mass Communication Chapter 11 Formats of Radio Programmes Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Study Material of Class 12 Mass Communication Notes Paper 335.

NIOS Class 12 Mass Communication Chapter 11 Formats of Radio Programmes

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Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Mass Communication Chapter 11 Formats of Radio Programmes, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Mass Communication Solutions for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Formats of Radio Programmes

Chapter: 11

TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

INTEXT QUESTIONS 11.1

1. List any five factors that you need to take into account about the listeners before making a radio programme.

Ans. (a) Number or people-i.e. the total population of the area.

(b) Number of men and women-sex ratio.

(c) Language people/Illiterate people.

(d) The languages spoken in the area.

(e) School/Colleges.

2. Write the names of any five programmes you have heard on radio.

Ans. News, music programmes, drams, sports commentary, discussions.

3. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word/s.

(i) The only medium to reach the illiterate people to inform, ……….. and entertain them is the …………. .

Ans. Educate, radio.

(ii) A radio station broadcasts programmes like talks, discussions ………., ……….., …………. and ……….. .

Ans. News, music programmes, drams, sports commentary, discussions.

(iii) It is important to know the requirements of the listeners to decide ………. of broadcast and ………… and ………… of programmes.

Ans. Language, time, type.

(iv) Radio programmes are decided on the basis of ………… .

Ans. Needs of the audience.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 11.2

1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word/s.

(i) Announcers are also known as ……….., …….

Ans. Radio jockey/anchor persons.

(ii) Whatever is written for radio is also known as …………..

Ans. Spoken word.

(iii) Announcements mention the …………. you are tuned into, …………. and ………….. of broadcast.

Ans. Station, frequency, time.

(iv) There can be different types of radio interviews in terms of …………., …………. and purpose.

Ans. Duration, content.

(v) A film based on real people and issues is called a ………….. .

Ans. Documentary.

2. List the ingredients of a radio format.

Ans. Spoken word, music and sound effects.

3. Differentiate between a radio discussion and a radio drama.

Ans. Radio discussions Radio discussions are produced when there are social or economic issues which may be controversial generally these discussions are of 15 to 30 minutes. Radio drama A radio drama or a radio play is like any other play.

4. Match the following:

Ans. 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 11.3

1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word/s:

(i) A phone-in programme is also called ………… programming.

Ans. Interactive

(ii) AIR started its internet service on …………. .

Ans. May 1, 1998.

(iii) Phone-in programmes need advance. ……………. .

Ans. Publicity.

(iv) Radio bridge means …………. different radio stations.

Ans. Connecting.

2. List any three IT based radio formats.

Ans. Phone-in programme, radio bridge and radio on internet.

3. Mention any three areas where phone-in programmes are used.

Ans. Playing the listener based request programme, health related programmes rural programmes.

4. Name the radio format which is available through a computer.

Ans. Radio on internet.

TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. Discuss is detail the factors to be taken account before making a radio programme.

Ans. Radio plays a very important role in the lives of the people of India. Though there are plenty of rich people and highly developed cities, a majority of our people are poor and a large number of them cannot read or write. So the only medium that can really reach them to inform, educate and entertain is the radio. Radio stations especially those run by the government perform a public service duty.

The requirements of listeners of radio stations are not the same. To serve them, we need to know many facts about them. 

The requirements to make a programme are:

(a) Number of people-i.e. the total population of the area.

(b) Number of men and women-Sex ratio 

(c) Literate people/Illiterate people

(d) The languages spoken in the area. 

(e) Schools/Colleges.

(f) Children going to school.

(g) Health facilities-availability of doctors, primary health centre, clinics, hospitals.

(h) Any major diseases.

(i) Religions in the area-population wise.

(j) Power supply.

(k) Nearest radio station/Television stations.

(l) Climate of the place.

(m) Main occupation of the people.

(n) Income per head/people below poverty line.

(o) Main occupation of the people. n. Income per head/people below poverty line.

(p) Roads/transport facilities. 

(r) Irrigation facilities.

(s) Number of people engaged in agriculture/other occupations. 

(t) Types of crops. Many more issues can be added to this list.

2. Explain with examples the different formats of radio programmes.

Ans. A radio format can be spilt into three parts:

They are:

(a) Spoken Word or Human Voice.

(b) Music.

(c) Sound Effects.

All radio formats have the above three ingredients. So let us first classify the spoken word format.

SPOKEN WORD

1. Announcements: These are specifically written clear messages to inform. They can be of different types. There can be more than one presenter in some programmes like magazines.

2. Radio talk: The radio talk probably is the oldest format on radio. There has been a tradition in India and Britain to invite experts or prominent persons to speak for 10 or 15 minutes on a specific topic. These talks have to go through a process of being changed into radio’s spoken word style. Instead, today, shorter duration talks are broadcast.

3. Radio interviews: In the media, be it the newspaper, magazine, radio or television, journalists use this technique of asking questions to get information. There can be different types of interviews in terms of their duration, content and purpose.

4. Radio discussions: Radio discussions are produced when there are social or economic issues which may be controversial. So when different experts meet and discuss such issues, people understand various points or views. of Generally, these discussions on radio are of long, duration-say 15 to 30 minutes. Two or three people who are known for their views and a well informed senior or journalist who acts as a moderator take part and discuss a particular topic for about 30 minutes.

5. Radio documentaries/features: Unlike documentary films, radio documentaries have only sound-i.e. the human voice, music and sound effects. So a radio documentary is a programme based on real sounds and real, people and their views and experiences. Radio documentaries are based on facts presented in an attractive manner or dramatically. Radio documentaries are radio’s own creative format.

6. Radio drama: A radio drama or a radio play is like any other play staged in a theatre or a hall. The only difference is that while a stage play has actors, stage, sets, curtains, properties movement and live action, radio play has only 3 components. They are the human voice, music and sound effects.

7. Running commentaries: A commentator would give you all the details of the match such as the number of players, the score, position of the players in the field etc. So by listening to the running commentary, you get a feeling of being in the stadium and watching the match. The commentator needed good communication skills, a good voice and knowledge about what is gong on. Running commentaries on radio can be on various sports events or on ceremonial occasions like the Republic Day Parade or events like festivals, melas, rath yatras, swearing in ceremony of ministers, last journey (funeral procession) of national leaders etc. Today radio running commentaries especially of cricket and other sports can be heard on your mobile phones.

8. Magazine programmes: Radio also has magazine programmes like those in the print media.

A radio magazine is broadcast at a particular time on a particular day of a week or a month. That means it has periodicity. Similarly it has plenty of variety in contents. Some or many formats of radio are included in a radio magazine. These may be talks, discussions, interviews, reviews, music etc. Likewise, the duration of each programme or item in a magazine programme also vary.

9. News: Among all the spoken word formats on radio, news is the most popular. News bulletins and news programmes are broadcast every hour by radio stations.

10. Music: So music is the main stay in radio. There is no radio without music. Music is used in different ways on radio. There are programmes of music and music is also used in different programmes. These include signature tunes, music used as effects in radio plays and features. India has a great heritage of music and radio in India reflects that.

CLASSICAL MUSIC

There are 3 types of classical music in India. They are:

• Hindustan classical.

• Carnatic classical.

• Western classical.

There are also vocal and instrumental music forms. There are also light classical music forms like, Thumri and Dadra.

SOUND EFFECTS

Let us see how sound can be used in radio formats.

• Sound can play a major role in evoking interest.

• Sound can be used for comic effects to evoke laughter.

• Sound can be used to create certain moods or enhance them.

3. Describe information technology based formats used in the medium of radio.

Ans. India has taken giant leaps in the field of information technology and radio as a medium, has taken a lead in applying information technology in its broadcasts. 

Let us discuss some of these formats:

1. Phone in programme: In this age of technological development, phone-in is the most important format. This is called interactive programming where the listener and the presenter talk to each other. Their talk goes on air instantly. The listener has the satisfaction that his voice is being listened to and repeated immediately. Other listeners also listen to him. Such presentations need advance publicity so that the listeners get ready to air their grievances/queries or requests. They dial up the announced telephone number at a stipulated time and get their problems discussed with experts in the studio.

2. Radio bridge: Radio bridge means connecting different stations through the length and breadth of the country. In this technique, for example, an expert sitting at Chennai can interact with the common man in the studio in Delhi.

3. Radio on internet: Radio on internet is a growing phenomenon with thousands of radio stations operating through computer modems. It is altogether a new format that removes the restrictions of frequency or license.

Very Short Type Questions Answer

1. What are three parts of a radio format? 

Ans. Spoken word or human voice, music and sound effects. 

2. Which two countries have tradition of a radio talk?

Ans. Britain and India.

3. When are radio discussions produced? 

Ans. Radio discussions are produced when there are social or economical issues which be controversial. may

4. What makes a radio documentary?

Ans. Human voice, music and sound effects. 

5. Which is the most popular programme format on a radio?

Ans. News.

6. Why there are so many music programmes on radio in India? 

Ans. Because India has a great heritage of music and radio in India reflects that. 

7. What is a signature tune?

Ans. A signature tune is an attractive piece of music which is specific to a programme.

8. Is laughter included in format of radio?

Ans. Yes.

Short Type Questions Answer 

1. What is ‘vox pop’?

Ans. When the general budget or the railway budget is presented in the parliament, people representing radio go out and ask the general public about their opinion. Their names and identity may not be asked. Such programmes are called ‘vox pop’ which is a Latin phrase meaning voice of people.

2. Write in brief about a radio talk.

Ans. The radio talk probably is the oldest format on radio. There has been a tradition in India and Britain to invite experts or prominent persons to speak for 10 or 15 minutes on a specific topic. These talks have to go through a process of being changed into radio’s spoken word style. Over the years, these long radio talks have become unpopular. Instead, today, shorter duration talks are broadcast. Of course, you can listen to these talks only on public service broadcasting stations.

3. Write in brief about radio interviews.

Ans. There can be different types of interviews in terms of their duration, content and purpose.

Firstly, there are full fledged interview programmes. The duration of these may vary from 10 minutes to 30 minutes or even 60 minutes depending up on the topic, and the person being interviewed. Most of such interviews are personality based.

Secondly, there are interview which are used in various radio programmes like documentaries. Here the interviews are short, questions specific and not many. The purpose is to get a very brief, to the point answer.

Thirdly there are a lot of interviews or interview based programmes in news and current affairs programmes.

With phone-in-programmes becoming popular, you might have heard live interviews with listeners. These interviews have been made interactive.

There is another type of interview based programme. Here generally just one or two questions are put across to ordinary people or people with knowledge on some current topic to measure public opinion.

4. Why discussions is held on radio?

Ans. When you have a problem in your family or with your friends, don’t you say let us discuss?” Through a discussion we can find out a solution to problems. In any discussion there are more than 2 or 3 people and then ideas can be pooled to come to some conclusion. In radio this technique is used to let people have different points of view on matters of public concern.

Radio discussions are produced when there are social or economic issues which may be controversial. So when different experts meet and discuss such issues, people understand various points or views.

5. Why are radio documentaries presented in an attractive manner or dramatically?

Ans. Unlike documentary films, radio documentaries have only sound-i.e. the human voice, music and sound effects. So a radio documentary is a programme based on real sounds and real people and their views and experiences. Radio documentaries are based on facts presented in an attractive manner or dramatically. Radio documentaries are radio’s own creative format.

The producer of a documentary needs to be very creative to use human voice. script, music and sound effects very effectively. Radio documentaries are also called radio features.

6. Why does a radio commentator give all the details of a match?

Ans. A commentator would give you all the details of the match such as the number of players, the score, position of the players in the fields etc. So by listening to the running commentary, you get a feeling of being in the stadium and watching the match.

7. What is a radio magazine?

Ans. A radio magazine is broadcast at a particular time on a particular day of a week or a month. That means it has periodicity. Similarly it has plenty of variety in contents. Some or many formats of radio are included in a radio magazine. These may be talks, discussions, interviews, reviews, music etc. Likewise, the duration of each programme or item in a magazine programme also vary. Another characteristic of a radio magazine is that it has a signature tune. A signature tune is an attractive piece of music which is specific to a programme. It can be like the masthead (title) of a magazine. A magazine programme also has a name and one or two presenters or anchor persons who link the whole programme. In the beginning, the titles of the day’s programme will be given by the presenters after the signature tune. They also give continuity and link the whole magazine.

8. What is phone in programme? How is it used now?

Ans. In this age of technological development, phone-in is the most important format. This is called interactive programming where the listener and the presenter talk to each other. Their talk goes on air instantly. The listener has the satisfaction that his voice is being listened to and repeated immediately. Other listeners also listen to him. Such presentations need advance publicity so that the listeners get ready to air their grievances/queries or requests. They dial up the announced telephone number at a stipulated time and get their problems discussed with experts in the studio. Initially this format was introduced for playing the listeners request based film songs. Now it is being used for health related programmes, rural broadcasts, complaints against the government/ administrative machinery etc.

9. Which radio format removes the restrictions of frequency or license? What do you know about them?

Ans. Radio on internet is a growing phenomenon with thousands of radio stations operating through computer modems. It is altogether a new format that removes the restrictions of frequency or license.

It is relatively cheap to set up. It has certain advantages as well as disadvantages. Now all the national and international radio stations like BBC, Voice of America, and All India Radio are available on internet. It is now possible to listen to the programmes from a radio station while working on the computer.