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NIOS Class 12 English Chapter 17 Kabir Thiruvalluvar
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Kabir Thiruvalluvar
Chapter: 17
| TEXTUAL QUESTION ANSWER |
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.1
1. What is the central theme of Kabir’s couplet “Chalti Chakki Dohe”?
(a) Joy and sorrow.
(b) Impermanence and change.
(c) Patience and timing.
(d) Compassionate communication.
Ans: (b) Impermanence and change.
2. What does Kabir lament about while witnessing grinding stones at work?
Ans: Kabir laments about the transient nature of life and the inevitability of change.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.1.2
1. Where does Kabir find the evil in this world?
Ans: Kabir finds the evil within himself, not in the world around him. Through introspection, he realizes that the true source of wickedness lies in his own mind and heart.
2. What is the lesson he imparts through this observation?
Ans: The lesson Kabir imparts is that self-reflection is essential. Instead of judging others, we should examine our own flaws and work on self-improvement, as true understanding and growth come from within.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.1.3
1. What is the primary message of Kabir’s couplet “Speak such words”?
(a) Silence is golden.
(b) Speak softly and kindly.
(c) Truth hurts.
(d) Loudness is power.
Ans: (b) Speak softly and kindly.
2. What kind of words does Kabir suggest to speak?
Ans: Kabir suggests speaking words that are gentle, compassionate, and uplifting to others.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.1.4
1. Why does Kabir suggest the mind to have patience?
Ans: Kabir suggests the mind to have patience because he believes that everything in life unfolds at its own pace.
2. What metaphor does he use to convey the essence of patience?
Ans: Kabir uses the metaphor of a gardener watering plants to convey the essence of patience.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.1.5
1. According to Kabir’s couplet “Sayeen Itna Deejiye,” what does Kabir desire for saints or ascetics?
(a) Abundance of wealth.
(b) Never experience hunger.
(c) Worldly pleasures.
(d) Power and authority.
Ans: (b) Never experience hunger.
2. How much is enough for Kabir to sustain the family?
Ans: According to Kabir, ‘enough’ means having just sufficient to care for his family and ensuring none goes hungry.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.1.6
1. What does Kabir want to teach with the example of the date tree?
Ans: Kabir uses the example of the date tree to convey the idea that mere physical size or grandeur is not inherently valuable if it does not serve a practical purpose or provide benefit to others.
2. What is the essence of Kabir’s couplet “Bada Hua To Kya Hua”?
Ans: The essence of Kabir’s couplet “Bada Hua To Kya Hua” is to emphasise the insignificance of material wealth, power, or physical stature if they do not bring about positive change or benefit others.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.1.7
1. According to Kabir’s couplet “Kabira stands in the marketplace,” what is Kabir’s wish for everyone?
(a) Wealth and prosperity.
(b) Good health.
(c) Spiritual awakening.
(d) Happiness and well-being.
Ans: (d) Happiness and well-being.
2. What does it reveal about his approach to human relationships?
Ans: This couplet reveals that Kabir’s approach to human relationships is one of neutrality and benevolence. He neither seeks friendship nor holds enmity towards anyone, indicating a stance of equanimity and goodwill towards all individuals.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.1.8
1. In Kabir’s couplet “Pothi Padh Padh Kar Jag Mua,” what is the key to wisdom according to Kabir?
(a) Extensive reading.
(b) Deep contemplation.
(c) Memorization of scriptures.
(d) Practical experience.
Ans: (b) Deep contemplation.
2. How does Kabir suggest to become wise?
Ans: Kabir suggests becoming wise not merely through extensive reading or memorisation of scriptures but through deep contemplation. Thus, Kabir emphasises the importance of introspection and understanding rather than rote learning.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.1.9
1. Why do we experience sorrow in Kabir’s opinion?
Ans: Kabir believes we feel sad because we focus too much on our troubles and bad times. We often think about them, making ourselves feel even worse.
2. What is his guidance on achieving a state beyond sorrow?
Ans: Kabir suggests that if we learn to let go of both happiness and sadness, we can find peace. Instead of only meditating when we’re sad, we should also do it when we’re happy. This helps us understand that joy and sorrow are just temporary feelings, and we can rise above them by finding inner peace through meditation.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.1.10
1. Kabir’s couplet “Akath Kahani Prem Ki” suggests that love’s story is:
(a) Impossible to narrate.
(b) A universal truth.
(c) Best expressed in silence.
(d) Full of joy and sorrow.
Ans: (a) Impossible to narrate.
2. Why does Kabir refer to a mute person’s smile?
Ans: Kabir refers to a mute person’s smile to emphasise the idea that expressions of love can transcend verbal communication. Even without words, the mute person’s smile communicates joy and contentment, highlighting the power of non-verbal communication and the depth of emotion that love can evoke.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.2.1
1. What qualities does Thiruvalluvar associate with a person who shares domestic life?
Ans: Thiruvalluvar associates qualities like sharing domestic life and possessing household virtues with a fulfilling life.
2. What does the couplet from Thirukkural’s chapter on “Wealth” convey about the significance of wealth earned through honest means?
Ans: The couplet highlights the significance of wealth earned through honest means, suggesting it brings respect and spiritual fulfilment, even to the extent of being honoured among the gods in heaven.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.2.2
1. In Thiruvalluvar’s couplet “When pleasant words are easy,” what qualities should a ruler possess?
(a) Cruelty and dominance.
(b) Indifference and arrogance.
(c) Pleasant qualities and diligence.
(d) Deceptiveness and cunningness.
Ans: (c) Pleasant qualities and diligence.
2. What qualities does Thiruvalluvar emphasise for a ruler or leader?
Ans: Thiruvalluvar emphasises the importance of possessing pleasant qualities and diligence for a ruler or leader.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.2.3
1. Thiruvalluvar’s advice “Theeyinaar suttapuN uLLaarum aaRaadhae” suggests:
(a) Revenge is necessary.
(b) Ignore harm and wrongdoing.
(c) Respond with greater harm.
(d) Seek legal action.
Ans: (b) Ignore harm and wrongdoing.
2. What advice does Thiruvalluvar provide regarding responding to harm or wrongdoing?
Ans: Thiruvalluvar advises against responding to harm or wrongdoing with further harm or retaliation. Instead, he advocates for maintaining one’s composure and not stooping to the level of those who have wronged you.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.2.4
1. What does Thiruvalluvar compare slander to in the context of governance?
Ans: In this couplet, Thiruvalluvar compares slander to a form of governance or leadership. Specifically, he likens slander to a ruler or authority figure in the context of governance.
2. What does Thiruvalluvar advise regarding slander in this couplet?
Ans: Regarding slander, Thiruvalluvar advises against it. He suggests that if everyone focused on their own faults instead of maliciously scrutinising those of their neighbours, no harm or evil would befall anyone.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.2.5
1. What is the essence of the couplet as explained in the provided passage?
(a) The importance of water for rulers.
(b) Just and fair governance is crucial for effective leadership.
(c) The difficulties rulers face in maintaining rule.
(d) The significance of outward purity.
Ans: (d) The significance of outward purity.
2. What does Thiruvalluvar say about the importance of just rule in governance?
Ans: Just and fair governance, rooted in truth and integrity, is crucial for effective leadership and societal well-being.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.2.6
1. What does Thiruvalluvar emphasise in “Padaikuti koozh-amaichchu natparaN aaRum ‘’ regarding a ruler?
(a) Military prowess.
(b) Empathy and care.
(c) Deception in war.
(d) Isolation from the public.
Ans: (b) Empathy and care.
2. What qualities and responsibilities of a ruler does Thiruvalluvar highlight?
Ans: Thiruvalluvar highlights the qualities of a ruler such as military prowess, wealth, ministerial competence, and the support of friends and fortifications.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.2.7
1. In Thiruvalluvar’s couplet “Thothanaith thooRum maNaRkaeNI,” what does Thiruvalluvar advise regarding seeking the right place?
(a) Be content with where you are.
(b) Constantly seek change.
(c) Move to a prosperous city.
(d) Find solitude in nature.
Ans: (d) Find solitude in nature.
2. What advice does Thiruvalluvar give about seeking the right place?
Ans: The advice is to continuously seek knowledge and wisdom, as it leads to a better understanding of one’s surroundings and finding the right place in life.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.2.8
1. In Thiruvalluvar’s couplet “Perumaikkum Enich chiRumaikkum thaththam karumamae kattLaik kal,” what is the contrast presented?
(a) Greatness and mediocrity.
(b) Wealth and poverty.
(c) Strength and weakness.
(d) Wisdom and ignorance.
Ans: (a) Greatness and mediocrity.
2. What does Thiruvalluvar emphasise about greatness and meanness?
Ans: Thiruvalluvar emphasises that the deeds of each, whether they are great or mean, serve as a true touchstone. This implies that both greatness and mediocrity are tested or judged by their actions, indicating the importance of one’s conduct regardless of their status or achievements.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.2.9
1. According to Thiruvalluvar’s couplet “veLLath thanaiya malarnheetham maandhardham uLLath thanaiyadhu uyarvu,” what is Thiruvalluvar’s perspective on external beauty?
(a) It is important for success.
(b) It is a sign of inner purity.
(c) It fades with time.
(d) It determines one’s character.
Ans: (c) It fades with time.
2. What message does Thiruvalluvar convey regarding external beauty and inner qualities?
Ans: Thiruvalluvar emphasises the importance of cultivating inner virtues, as they are enduring and contribute to one’s true greatness.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.2.10
1. According to Thiruvalluvar’s couplet “Netunheer maRAvi matidhuyil naankum,” what is the virtue associated with controlling sexual desire?
(a) Courage.
(b) Chastity.
(c) Ambition.
(d) Passion.
Ans: (b) Chastity.
2. What does Thiruvalluvar say about controlling one’s desires?
Ans: Thiruvalluvar advises people to resist the temptations of pleasure-seeking behaviours and instead focus on discipline, diligence, and mindful action to avoid downfall.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.3
1. Change the following direct speech sentences into indirect speech:
(i) “Please Clean Your Room,” Mother Said.
Ans: Mom asked him to clean his room.
(ii) “Don’t Eat All The Cookies,” She Warned.
Ans: She warned not to eat all the cookies.
(iii) “Let’s Go To The Park,” He Suggested.
Ans: He suggested going to the park.
(iv) “Close The Window,” The Teacher Commanded.
Ans: The teacher commanded us to close the window.
(v) “Be Quiet During The Movie,” The Usher Requested.
Ans: The usher requested to be quiet during the movie.
(vi) “Don’t Forget To Call Me Later,” Sarah Reminded Him.
Ans: Sarah reminded him not to forget to call her later.
(vii) “Hand In Your Assignments By Friday,” The Professor Instructed.
Ans: The professor instructed us to hand in assignments by Friday.
(viii) “Let Me Know If You Need Any Help,” She Offered.
Ans: She offered to let her know if she needed any help.
(ix) “Please Don’t Be Late,” He Pleaded.
Ans: He pleaded not to be late.
(x) “Finish Your Dinner Before Dessert,” Mom Insisted.
Ans: Mom insisted on finishing dinner before dessert.
2. Rewrite the following sentences from indirect speech to direct speech.
(i) She Told Him To Be Quiet.
Ans: “Be quiet,” she told him.
(ii) The Teacher Asked The Students To Submit Their Assignments By Friday.
Ans: “Submit your assignments by Friday,” the teacher asked the students.
(iii) They Suggested That We Take A Break.
Ans: “Let’s take a break,” they suggested.
(iv) He Told Her Not To Open The Door For Strangers.
Ans: “Don’t open the door for strangers,” he told her.
(v) The Manager Instructed The Employees To Finish The Project Before The Deadline.
Ans: “Finish the project before the deadline,” the manager instructed the employees.
(vi) Sarah’s Mother Advised Her To Eat More Fruits And Vegetables.
Ans: “Eat more fruits and vegetables,” Sarah’s mother advised her.
(vii) The Doctor Recommended That He Get More Rest.
Ans: “You should get more rest,” the doctor recommended.
(viii) The Tour Guide Suggested That They Visit The Museum First.
Ans: “Let’s visit the museum first,” the tour guide suggested.
(ix) The Coach Told The Team To Practise Harder.
Ans: “Practise harder,” the coach told the team.
(x) My Friend Asked Me To Help Him With His Homework.
Ans: “Help me with my homework,” my friend asked me.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.4
1. Identify the figure of speech used in each sentence.
(i) “Slowly, Slowly, O Mind, Everything Happens At Its Own Pace.”
Ans: Repetition, Personification.
(ii) “What’s The Use Of Being Big, Like A Date Tree? The Traveller Finds No Shade, And The Fruit Remains Far Away.”
Ans: Simile, metaphor, imagery, irony, symbolism.
(iii) “Are Pleasure – Boat To Bear The Doomed To Ruin’s Shore.”
Ans: Symbolism.
(iv) “Of Greatness And Of Meanness Too, The Deeds Of Each Are Touchstone True.”
Ans: Antithesis, parallelism, metaphor.
(v) “In Sandy Soil, When Deep You Delve, You Reach The Springs Below.”
Ans: Alliteration, metaphor, imagery.
2. Create a sentence for each type of figure of speech:
(i) Simile.
Ans: Her voice was as sweet as honey.
(ii) Metaphor.
Ans: The classroom was a battlefield during the exam.
(iii) Personification.
Ans: The flowers danced in the gentle breeze.
(iv) Hyperbole.
Ans: I have told you a thousand times not to be late.
3. Explain the meaning or imagery conveyed by the figure of speech in the following sentences:
(i) “Time Is A Thief In The Night.”
Ans: Time is compared to a thief that quietly steals moments from our lives. It emphasizes how time passes quickly and often unnoticed, taking away opportunities and youth.
(ii) “The Wind Whispered Its Secrets Through The Trees.”
Ans: The wind is personified as if it could whisper like a human. It conveys a calm, mysterious, and almost magical atmosphere, suggesting that nature carries hidden messages.
(iii) “Her Smile Was A Ray Of Sunshine On A Cloudy Day.”
Ans: Her smile is compared to sunshine breaking through dark clouds. It symbolizes warmth, hope, and positivity, showing how her presence brightens a gloomy situation.
| TERMINAL QUESTIONS |
1. What Does Kabir Lament About When Witnessing Grinding Stones At Work?
Ans: Kabir laments about the transient nature of life and the inevitability of change, showing how human beings are caught between the grinding stones of joy and sorrow, gain and loss, until life itself is reduced to nothing.
2. Where Does Kabir Find The Evil In This World, And What Is The Lesson He Imparts Through This Observation?
Ans: Kabir discovers that the root of evil does not lie in the outside world but within himself. Through sincere self-examination, he realizes that the true source of wickedness resides in his own thoughts and heart. The lesson he conveys is that genuine growth begins with self-reflection. Instead of judging or blaming others, one must confront personal flaws and work towards self-improvement, for true wisdom and transformation come from within.
3. According To Kabir, How Much Is Enough For Sustaining The Family, And What Values Does This Reflect?
Ans: According to Kabir, only enough sustenance to meet his family’s needs is sufficient, as he does not seek abundance or wealth but simply the well-being of his loved ones. At the same time, he prays that neither he nor any saint or ascetic should ever go hungry. This reflects values of simplicity, contentment, compassion, and a deep concern for the welfare of all, emphasizing shared humanity and the belief that no one should suffer want while others have plenty.
4. Why Does Kabir Refer To A Mute Person’s Smile, And What Profound Message Does This Convey About Divine Love?
Ans: Kabir refers to a mute person’s smile to show that true love, especially divine love, goes beyond the need for words. Just as the mute person’s smile conveys joy, peace, and deep emotion without speech, divine love too can be experienced and expressed in silence. It suggests that the bond between the soul and the Divine is so profound that it cannot always be captured through language. This metaphor highlights the purity, depth, and ineffable nature of spiritual love, where feelings are stronger than words and inner bliss becomes the true expression.
5. What Does Kabir Want To Teach With The Example Of The Date Tree, And What Message Does It Convey About Substance Over Appearance?
Ans: Kabir uses the example of the date tree to illustrate that outward size or grandeur has little worth if it lacks usefulness. He teaches that true value lies not in external appearance but in the ability to serve and benefit others, conveying the message that substance is far more important than mere show.
6. In The Couplet Discussing The Qualities Of A Ruler From The Chapter On “On Not Slumbering In One’s Duty,” What Virtues And Responsibilities Does Thiruvalluvar Highlight?
Ans: In the couplet from the chapter “On Not Slumbering in One’s Duty,” Thiruvalluvar highlights that a ruler should be diligent and devoted to the welfare of his people, like the koozh-amaichchu who tirelessly prepares food with care. He further stresses that a ruler must have loyal friends and wise advisors (natparaN) to guide him in making just decisions. Above all, the ruler should rule with compassion (ERu) and benevolence (arasaruL), ensuring justice, kindness, and the well-being of all.
7. In The Couplet Advising On “Seeking The Right Place,” What Does Thiruvalluvar Recommend Regarding The Environment One Should Choose?
Ans: In the couplet from the chapter “Seeking the Right Place,” Thiruvalluvar advises that one should not remain in a place where there is no opportunity for growth or progress. He further recommends avoiding the company of ignorant people who lack knowledge. Instead, one should seek an environment that nurtures wisdom, development, and learning. This highlights the importance of choosing the right surroundings for personal and intellectual growth.
8. In The Couplet From The Chapter On “The Essentials Of A State,” What Qualities Does Thiruvalluvar Emphasise For A Good Ruler Or Leader?
Ans: In the couplet from the chapter “The Essentials of a State,” Thiruvalluvar emphasises that a good ruler must possess noble virtues and admirable qualities (iniya uLavaaka). He further states that a ruler should work diligently to remove the sufferings of his people, just as a farmer carefully nurtures and protects his crops (Kani-iruppak Kaaikavarnh). Thus, Thiruvalluvar highlights virtue, diligence, and concern for the welfare of the people as the essential qualities of an ideal leader.
9. What Is The Message In The Couplet From The Chapter On “The Importance Of Self-Control” Regarding The Enduring Value Of Inner Strength And Goodness?
Ans: In the couplet from the chapter “The Importance of Self-Control,” Thiruvalluvar conveys that physical beauty, like the blossoming of flowers, is temporary and fades with time. True greatness, however, lies in one’s inner strength and virtues such as kindness, compassion, integrity, and wisdom. The message is that inner goodness and self-control have enduring value, while external appearance is fleeting and insignificant.
10. Explain The Wisdom Conveyed In The Couplet From The Chapter On “The Importance Of Self-Control” Regarding The Significance Of Inner Virtues Over External Beauty.
Ans: The couplet from the chapter “The Importance of Self-Control” teaches that external beauty is temporary and fades like flowers that wither with time. In contrast, inner virtues such as self-control, compassion, integrity, and wisdom are lasting and define a person’s true greatness. Thiruvalluvar conveys the wisdom that real worth is not measured by physical appearance but by the strength of one’s character and inner goodness.
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