NIOS Class 12 Biology Chapter 17 Coordination and Control: The Nervous and Endocrine System

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NIOS Class 12 Biology Chapter 17 Coordination and Control: The Nervous and Endocrine System

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Coordination and Control: The Nervous and Endocrine System

Chapter: 17

MODULE – II: FORM AND FUNCTION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS

NIOS TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS ANSWERS

INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.1

1. With the help of a flow chart write down the basic components of the nervous system in the space given below.

Fig.

Ans: See fig. here:

2. Name the ganglia which:

(a) forms the brain.

Ans: The Supraoesophageal Ganglion.

(b) lies below the oesphagus and is joined to brain.

Ans: (b) The Suboesophageal Ganglion.

3. Which part of nervous system of cockroach can be compared to our spinal cord though our spinal cord is dorsal and this part of nervous system of cockroach is ventral? 

Ans: Ventral Nerve cord.

4. Name the main parts of the brain. 

Ans: The cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, thalamus and hypothalamus are main parts of brain.

5. Mention the one function of each:

(i) Cerebrum ___________.

Ans: Intelligence/thinking/reasoning/memory.

(ii) Cerebellum __________.

Ans: Balance/muscular coordination.

(iii) Medulla oblongata ___________.

Ans: Involuntary actions.

(iv) Hypothalamus ___________.

Ans: homeostasis or Steddy state.

3. What are the:

(i) gray matter. and

Ans: The gray matter is composed of neu-ron cell bodies.  

(ii) white matter made of? 

Ans: White matter composed of axon fibres. 

4. Name the fluid in the cavities of the brain.

Ans: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.2

1. What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Ans: (i) Sympathetic nervous system. and 

(ii) Parasympathetic nervous system.

2. Name the specific subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system concerned with the following:

(i) Slowing down heart beat __________.

Ans: Parasympathetic Nervous Systems.

(ii) Increasing salivary secretion ___________.

Ans: Parasympathetic Nervous System.

(iii) Dilation of the pupil ___________.

Ans: Sympathetic Nervous System.

(iv) Increasing intestinal peristalsis ___________.

Ans: Parasympathetic Nervous System.

(v) Muscle contraction of the urinary bladder giving the feeling for the need for urination ___________.

Ans: Parasympathetic Nervous System.

3. Why is the peripheral nervous system called so?

Ans: As it connects periphery (surface) of the body.

4. State the alternative terms for sensory and motor nerves.

Ans: (i) Sensory=Afferent.

(ii) Motor = Efferent.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.3

1. Given below are a few examples of reflexes. Write against each, the category of reflex, whether simple or conditioned.

(i) Knee jerk ____________.

Ans: Simpler.

(ii) Salivation on seeing a favourite dish ___________.

Ans: conditioned.

(iii) Tying of shoe laces while talking ___________.

Ans: conditioned.

(iv) Closing of eyelids if a strong beam of light is flashed across ___________.

Ans: simple.

(v) Mistaking a coiled rope as snake if you happen to step on it in darkness ___________.

Ans: conditioned.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.4

1. State the functions of the following parts of the eye:

(i) Iris.

Ans: Iris contracts and dilates pupil.

(ii) Ciliary muscles.

Ans: Ciliary muscles help in near vision/contracts to make lens thicker.

(iii) Pupil.

Ans: Pupil controls amount of light entering the eye.

(iv) Vitreous humour.

Ans: Vitreous humour maintains shape of the eyeball and protects the retina.

(v) Retina.

Ans: Retina produces nerve impulses into the optic nerve.

2. Name the following:

(i) Area of sharp vision in the eye __________.

Ans: Yellow shot.

(ii) The kind of lens used for correcting nearsightedness __________. 

Ans: concave lens.

(iii) The condition in which the lens of eye turns opaque __________. 

Ans: cataract.

(iv) The capacity of eye to focus objects at different distances __________. 

Ans: accommodation. 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.5

1. Which part of the ear is involved when:

(i) a gymnast performs various balancing feats __________. 

Ans: Vestibule.

(ii) you hear a song __________. 

Ans: Cochlea.

2. Name the following:

(i) The part into which the sound waves are directed by the ear pinna.

Ans: Auditory meatus.

(ii) The kind of balance with which the semicircular canals are concerned.

Ans: static balance.

(iii) Any two sensations felt through free nerve endings in the skin.

Ans: touch/pressure/warmth/cold.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 17.6

1. Name the following:

(i) The organ in the neck on the trachea close to which thyroid is located. 

Ans: Larynx.

(ii) The condition caused due to oversecretion of thyroxin. 

Ans: Cretinism.

(iii) The hormone concerned with facing dangers. 

Ans: Adrenaline.

(iv) The condition of passing much glucose in the urine. 

Ans: Diabetes mellitus.

(v) The source gland of ADH.

Ans: Posterior pituitary gland.

2. What are pheromones?

Ans: It is “a secretion from one individual which is given out into environment; it elicits a response in other members of the same species.”

TERMINAL EXERCISES

1. Name the two divisions of the nervous system.

Ans: Two divisions of nervous system are:

(i) CNS (central neurons system). and 

(ii) PNS (peripheral nervous system).

2. What is gray matter?

Ans: The gray matter is made of neuron cell bodies.

3. Name the chemical involved in the transmission of nerve impulse across a synapse.

Ans: Acetylcholine.

4. Give two examples of sensory nerves.

Ans: The cranial nerves received from the 

(i) eyes. and 

(ii) ears.

5. Name the respective areas of the retina concerned with best vision and no vision.