NIOS Class 10 Entrepreneurship Chapter 8 Achievement Motivation

NIOS Class 10 Entrepreneurship Chapter 8 Achievement Motivation Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters NIOS Class 10 Entrepreneurship Chapter 8 Achievement Motivation and select need one. NIOS Class 10 Entrepreneurship Chapter 8 Achievement Motivation Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Study Material of Class 10 Entrepreneurship Notes Paper 249.

NIOS Class 10 Entrepreneurship Chapter 8 Achievement Motivation

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Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 10 Entrepreneurship Chapter 8 Achievement Motivation, NIOS Secondary Course Entrepreneurship Solutions for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Achievement Motivation

Chapter: 8

Intext Questions 8.1

State if the following statements are true or false: 

(i) Motivation can be both negative and positive. 

Ans: True.

(ii)  Motivation is a one-time event. 

Ans: False.

(iii) Perquisites are monetary benefits given to employees. 

Ans: False.

(iv) Career advancement opportunities are non-financial motivators. 

Ans: True.

(v) Motivation drives goal-oriented behaviour. 

Ans: True.

Intext Questions 8.2

Select the most suitable option out of the given options: 

(i) McClelland identified the following number of needs in his theory of motivation 

(a) 1 

(b) 2 

(c) 3 

(d) 4 

Ans: (c) 3.

(ii) Which of the following is not a need as per the need hierarchy theory? 

(a) Physiological needs. 

(b) Esteem needs. 

(b) Hygiene factors. 

(d) Ego needs.

Ans: (b) Esteem needs.

Intext Questions 8.3

Select the most suitable option out of the given options for each question. 

(i) Internal Locus of Control implies. 

(a) No one can control my destiny. 

(b) I can control my destiny. 

(c) My parents control my destiny. 

(d) My friends control my destiny. 

Ans: (b) I can control my destiny.

(ii) SWOT model does not include………….. 

(a) Weaknesses. 

(b) Opportunities.

(c) Strength. 

(d) Trade. 

Ans: (d) Trade.

(iii) Identification of your bad habits or toxic traits under SWOT is identification of……………. 

(a) Your strength. 

(b) Your weakness. 

(c) Opportunities. 

(d) Threats.

Ans: (b) Your weakness.

1. How can motivation be both positive and negative?

Ans: Motivation can be positive as well as negative. Positive motivation inspires individuals or employees. Negative motivation discourages people from indulging in undesirable behaviour. Negative motivation stops people from indulging in or repeating undesirable attitudes or behaviour. 

2. Which motivators are best suited for a new recruit who is a college passout?

Ans: Financial motivators.

3. Should employees at the top level of an organisation be motivated through financial or non-financial motivators?

Ans: The Employees at the top level of an organisation are motivated through non – financial motivators. Employees at a higher level of hierarchy are less likely to be motivated with monetary benefits. However, social and esteem needs serve as great motivators for them.

4. Which is the better motivator, Profit Sharing or co-partnership? Why?

Ans: Co – partnership is the better motivator. Because under co-partnership, employees are regarded as partners or members of business. Workers will share not only profits but also the ownership. Also, they will have participation in control and management of the organisation.

5. Out of safety and ego needs, which is to be first satisfied in the level of hierarchy?

Ans: Safety and Security needs to be first satisfied in the level of hierarchy. Because People want a certain level of security in their lives to maintain a given economic level. Safety needs include both physical and economic safety. Physical needs may include safety from diseases and accidents while economic safety implies security of income and provisions for old age.

6. What is the Locus of control? How is a person having internal locus of control different from a person having external locus of control? 

Ans: Locus of control is the extent to which an individual believes s/he has control over the outcomes of her/his actions in life. 

Individuals may have internal locus of control or external locus of control. Individuals with internal locus of control believe that they drive their destinies. They believe that whatever results they derive in life are due to their own actions. On the other hand, individuals with external locus of control blame or praise external factors rather than their own efforts.

7. How would you explain the SWOT analysis as a tool of self-analysis?

Ans: SWOT analysis, one can identify one’s competitive advantage over others. Strengths and weaknesses may be internally driven but opportunities and threats are identified externally. To get the best out of oneself, the person has to achieve a fit between the internal factors and external forces. The word SWOT is nothing but an abbreviation for the four forces used in the technique which are discussed as below: 

(a) Strengths: The advantageous features that a person has over others. 

(b) Weaknesses: Disadvantageous features that a person has in relation to others. 

(c) Opportunities: Forces that a person can exploit or take benefit of. 

(d) Threats: Forces that may cause trouble for the person. 

SWOT analysis can be conducted by one person. To arrive at reliable results from SWOT analysis many considerations are to be kept in mind while conducting a SWOT/Self Analysis. One has to remember that SWOT analysis is a comparative analysis which means that it is always done in relation to someone else. That someone else is your competitor. Do not over- or under-analyse.

8. Describe any two financial and two non-financial motivators.

Ans: The following are the financial motivators: 

(i) Salary/Wages: This is the basic purpose to work for most employees. They are willing to work or to provide their services in return for salary or wages. Salary or wages are paid at fixed intervals usually monthly, but in some cases, even on a daily basis. 

(ii) Allowances: Allowances are monetary benefits given to an employee or worker over and above salary. Allowances are given to meet particular expenditures the employee may have incurred. Allowances may include House Rent Allowance, Dearness Allowance, and Travelling Allowance.  

Non-financial motivators are secondary motivators which are discussed below:

(i) Prestige: Prestige or status comes from the position in the organisation. This type of motivator works best for employees at a comparatively higher level of hierarchy as their basic physiological needs are already fulfilled. Employees at a higher level of hierarchy are less likely to be motivated with monetary benefits. However, social and esteem needs serve as great motivators for them. 

(ii) Job security: Job security means stability in a job. An employee who is always afraid of losing the job is unlikely to be motivated towards organisational goals. Such an employee will not be able to work to the best capabilities. So, an employee who is sure of the tenure of the job and does not fear dismissal is likely to be highly motivated and work better.

9. Explain McClelland’s theory of motivation. 

Ans: David McClelland developed the three-need model. He categorised the human needs into three parts unlike Maslow’s need hierarchy theory where needs are classified into five parts. 

McClelland’s theory contemplates that motivation comes from three types of need which are discussed here: 

(i) Need for Achievement: The compelling drive to do things better and efficiently than others. People with high need for achievement find attainment of goals mentally satisfying and they give personal attention for achievement of such goals. But, this desire for achievement may not be present in all individuals and cultural factors may influence the level of this need. McClelland observed that people with high achievement needs differentiate themselves from others on the criteria to do things better. They prefer to take up challenging roles and appreciate quick feedback to improve their performance. Also, such individuals are intrinsically goal driven and not necessarily desire for material rewards. 

(ii) Need for Power: Need for power is reflected in the desire to be able to control others. The desire to be dominant and be able to direct individuals. Those high in need for power may enjoy dominating others and prefer to be in status-oriented roles. Need for power can be categorised into need for institutionalised power and need for personal power. Individuals with high need for personal power are likely to use such power for personal gain while individuals with high need for institutionalised power are likely to command such power for the betterment of the organisation as a whole. 

(iii) Need for Affiliation: The need to be adored and known by others is the need for affiliation. People with high need for affiliation prefer a more cohesive and cooperative situation rather than a competitive one. Individuals with high need for affiliation likes to socialise with others to maintain and boost inter-personal contacts. Such individuals get intrinsic satisfaction when they socialise with others but such socialisation may sometimes hinder the process of goal accomplishment.

10. Need hierarchy theory suggests one need is more urgent at one point of time than others. Explain the statement with the help of the pyramidal structure of Maslow’s need hierarchy theory.

Ans: Maslow also hypothesised that needs are never fully satisfied. As soon as the first need is satisfied, the other need arises. But these needs can be ranked in order of preference since a satisfied need stops serving as a motivating factor for individuals and therefore with satisfaction of one need one moves toward the other need(s). 

The theory of need hierarchy can be summarised through the following chart:

(i) Physiological Needs: These needs pertain to the survival of human beings like food, shelter, clothing, air and water. These needs are the starting point for motivation theory. 

(ii) Safety and Security Needs: People want a certain level of security in their lives to maintain a given economic level. Safety needs include both physical and economic safety. Physical needs may include safety from diseases and accident while economic safety implies security of income and provisions for old age. 

(iii) Social Needs: Humans are social animals. They need to interact, to share their feelings, to exchange thoughts and ideas, to share joys and sorrows. So as soon as the first two needs are satisfied, we start looking for some sort of companionship. 

(iv) Ego Needs: Ego needs can be of two types. They can be internally located or externally located. Internally oriented needs include self-confidence, knowledge and competence while external ego needs are related with the feeling of status or prestige that one commands by virtue of her/his position. 

(v) Self-Fulfilment Needs: This is a need to be fulfilled as a mission of life. This need, if satisfied, results in psychological satisfaction. After the four needs are fulfilled the person has a desire for personal achievement.