NCERT Class 7 Social Science Chapter 27 Human Environment- Settlement, Transport And Communication

NCERT Class 7 Social Science Chapter 27 Human Environment- Settlement, Transport And Communication Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters NCERT Class 7 Social Science Chapter 27 Human Environment- Settlement, Transport And Communication and select need one. NCERT Class 7 Social Science Chapter 27 Human Environment- Settlement, Transport And Communication and After Question Answers Download PDF. NCERT SST Class 7 Solutions.

NCERT Class 7 Social Science Chapter 27 Human Environment- Settlement, Transport And Communication

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Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. CBSE Class 7 Social Science Solutions are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NCERT Class 7 Social Science Chapter 27 Human Environment- Settlement, Transport And Communication and After, NCERT Class 7 Social Science Textbook of Our Pasts – II: History, Social and Political Life – II: Civics, Our Environment: Geography. for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Human Environment- Settlement, Transport And Communication

Chapter: 27

Our Environment [Geography]

QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

1. Answer the following questions:

Q.1. What are four means of transport?

Ans: Roadways, Railways, Waterways, Airways.

Q.2. What do you understand by term ‘settlement’?

Ans: The term ‘settlement’ refers to a place where man started living after building houses and developed in due course of time.

Or

A place where people build their houses (homes) is called settlement.

Q.3. Which are the activities practised by the rural people?

Ans: Rural people practised different kinds of activities such as farming, fishing, forestry, trading and crafts work.

Q.4. Mention two merits of railways.

Ans: Two merits of railways:

(a) Railways are the fairly fast, safe and comfortable means of transportation.

(b) It carries people over long distance quickly.

(c) It is useful for carrying bulky goods. 

Q.5. What is mass media?

Ans: Mass media is the medium of communicating to large number of people like print media, radio and television.

2. Tick the Correct Answer:

Q.1. Which is not a means of communi-cation?

(a) Telephone.

(b) Books.

(c) Table.

Ans: (c) Table.

Q.2. Which type of road is constructed under the ground?

(a) Flyover.

(b) Expressways.

(c) Subways.

Ans: (c) Subways.

Q.3. Which mode of transport is most suitable to reach an island?

(a) Ship.

(b) Train.

(c) Car. 

Ans: (a) Ship.

Q.4. Which vehicle does not pollute the environment?

(a) Cycle.

(b) Bus.

(c) Aeroplane.

Ans: (a) Cycle.

3. Match the following:

Ans: 

4. Give reasons:

Today’s world is shrinking.

Ans: The world has today become a small place. Distance have shrunk, information is at our fingertips and communicating with anybody anywhere in the world has just a click of a button away through mobile phones and email. The development of transport and communication has played an important role by reducing vast distance. It has facilitated India to became a global power.

Or

World is shrinking today because due to modern technology information is available at any place from any corner of the world.

Newspaper, radio and television have brought the world closer to each other. The use of internet has brought the world closer. The use of cell phones can even connect people on the way.

5. For Fun:

(i) Conduct a survey in your locality and find out how people commute to their respective workplaces using:

(a) more than two modes of transport.

(b) more than three modes of transport.

(c) stay within walking distance.

Ans: Try it yourself.

(ii) Mention which mode of communication you will prefer most in the following situations.

(a) Your grandfather has suddenly fallen ill. How will you inform the doctor?

Ans: Through phone call.

(b) Your mother wants to sell the old house. How will she spread this news?

Ans: Through newspaper.

(c) You are going to attend the marriage of your cousin for which you will be absent from the schools for the next days. How will you inform the teacher?

Ans: By sending an application to the teacher.

(d) Your friend has moved out with his/ her family to New York. How will you keep in touch on a daily base?

Ans: Through internet/mobile phone.

SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION 

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q.1. Name the cheapest mode of transport for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances. 

Ans: Waterways are the cheapest mode of transport for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances.

Q.2. Where are thick mud walled houses with thatched roofs are very common? 

Ans: Thick mud walled houses with thatched roofs are very common in areas of hot climate.

Q.3. What are the two types of settlement?

Ans: The two types of settlement are – permanent and temporary settlements.

Q.4. Define the term Terrestrial habitat. 

Ans: An environmental area or land inhabited by a particular species is termed as terrestrial habitat.

Q.5. Which is the fastest way of transport developed in the early twentieth century?

Ans: Airways is the fastest way of transport developed in the early twentieth century.

Q.6. Which types of route are mostly used for transporting merchandise and goods from one country to another?

Ans: Sea routes and oceanic routes are mostly used for transporting merchandise and goods from one country to another. 

Q.7. What are the two types of waterways?

Ans: The two types of waterways are inland waterways and sea (ocean) routes.

Q.8. What are human settlements?

Ans: Human settlements are man’s terrestrial habitat, the place where he lives, works, seeks recreation and raises his family.

Q.9. What are settlements?

Ans: Settlements are places where people build their homes.

Q.10. What do you know about temporary settlements? 

Ans: Settlements which are occupied for a short time are known as temporary settlements.

Q.11. What is transport?

Ans: The means by which people and goods move from one place to another is called transport.

Q.12. Which mode of transport is adversely affected by bad weather?

Ans: Air traffic is adversely affected by bad weather.

Q.13. Name the terminal cities connected by the Golden Quadrilateral.

Ans: The Golden Quadrilateral connects Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.

Q.14. Name three animals which are used as ‘beast of burden’.

Ans: Donkeys, mules, bullocks and camels are used as ‘beast of burden’.

Q.15. What type of settlements can be seen in scattered pattern?

Ans: In a scattered settlement pattern dwellings are spread over an extensive area. This type of settlement is mostly found in hilly tracts, thick forests and regions of extreme climate.

Q.16. What is communication?

Ans: Communication is the process of conveying messages to others.

Q.17. Which is most commonly used means of transport?

Ans: The most commonly used means of transport are roads. They are especially used for short distances.

Q.18. What do you know about Transhumance Movement?

Ans: It is a seasonal movement of people who rear animals. These people keeps on moving from one place to another in search of pastures along with their livestocks.

Q.19. Why were super fast trains introduced?

Ans: Super fast trains have been introduced to make the journey faster.

Q.20. Give two examples of inland waterways.

Ans: Navigable rivers and lakes are used as inland waterways.

Q.21. Which is the longest railway system in the world?

Ans: The Trans-Siberian Railway is the longest railway system connecting St. Petersburg in Western Russia to Vladivostok on the bus Pacific coast.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q.1. What is a site? What are the natural conditions for selection of an ideal site? 

Ans: The place where a building or a settlement develops is called its site. The natural conditions for selection of an ideal site are:

(a) Favourable climate.

(b) Availability of water.

(c) Suitable land and fertile soil. 

Q.2. Write a brief note on Roadways.

Ans: The most commonly used means of transport especially for short distances are roads. Their are two types of road. These are metalled (pucca) road and unmetalled (kutcha) road. The plains have a dense network of roads. Roads have also been build in terrains like deserts, forests and even high mountains. Manali-Leh highway in the Himalayan Mountains is one of the highest roadways in the world. 

Q.3. Write a note on personal means of communication.

Ans: The modes of communication used for private and individual needs are posts and telegraphs, telephone, computer, fax. Postal communication uses postal stationery like postcards, envelopes and money order forms for sending written communication or money to friends and family. The first internet service providers used the standard telephone to link computers via a modem. The Internet, a vast computer network, connects computers globally via telephone lines and air (radio) waves. Mobile phones are also called cellular phones. Instead of wires and cables, radio waves are used to transmit signals between one cell to another. The cellular exchange then directs the message between caller and receiver.

Q.4. How the buildings are constructed to suit the local environment in rural areas?

Ans: In rural areas, people build houses to suit their environment. In regions of heavy rainfall, houses have slanting roofs. Places where water accumulates in the rainy season the houses are constructed on a raised platform. In Rajasthan houses have made of thick walls and flat roofs.

Q.5. What are means of transport? Explain.

Ans: Humans have used all the three different mediums of transportation. These are land, air and water. In physical terms, transport has basically remained the same as it was in the beginning of the 20th century. Modernisation has, however, led to several innovations and improvements in terms of comfort, safety and speed. Airlines, railways, waterways, roadways and pipelines continue to be the important means of transport.

Q.6. Describe any three points of importance of means of mass media.

Ans: Importance of means of mass media: 

(a) Means of mass media creates awareness among the people.

(b) These also help the government to know about public opinion.

(c) They are more useful during disasters and calamities. 

(d) Information and warning could be disseminated to a large group of population. 

Q.7. What are the advantages of Means of Communication? 

Ans: Advantages of Means of Communication:

1. It integrates people separated by distance. 

2. Fast ways of communication have bridged the gap between the doctor, pharmacist and patient.

3. It has provided us security in today’s competitive environment.

4. Modern means of communication are like a life companion giving us 24-hour company and entertainment.

5. Modern communication is a factor of modern employment revolution. Communication technologies like the Internet, 2G, 3G and GPS have set new standards for mobile telephony, broadcasting and television.

Q.8. Discuss the importance of Railways.

Ans: Railways are the major medium of land transport in modern times. Railways are important from economic, social and political point of view.

(i) It is convenient for long distances. 

(ii) These help in the development of minerals of an area.

(iii) It is the cheapest mode of transport to carry heavy and bulky goods.

(iv) They carry raw materials to industrial areas and distribute manufactured goods to the market.

(v) Railways promote trade.

Q.9. What are two types of settlements? Name and explain in brief.

Ans: Two types settlements are Permanent Settlements and Temporary Settlements. Settlements which are occupied for a short time are called temporary settlements. The people living in deep forests, hot and cold deserts and mountains often dwell in such temporary settlements. In permanent settlements, people build homes to live in and settled here permanently.

Q.10. Where are some of the most important ports of the world?

Ans: Some of the important ports of the world are: 

(a) Singapore and Mumbai in Asia.

(b) New York, Los Angeles in North America, Rio-de-Janeiro in South America. 

(c) Durban and Cape Town in Africa, Sydney in Australia.

(d) London and Rotterdam in Europe.

Q.11. What are the occupations of the people engaged in rural settlements?

Ans: In rural settlements, people are engaged in activities like agriculture, fishing, forestry, craft work and trading etc.

Q.12. Why do houses in the mountain regions have slanting roofs?

Ans: Houses in the mountain regions have slanting roofs so that rain flows down and does not accumulate on top which could break the roof.

Q.13. What are the disadvantages of airways?

Or 

In Spite of being the fastest mode of transport, airways suffers from certain shortcomings. Explain the statement.

Ans: Airways suffers from certain disadvantages. These can be listed as: 

(a) Airways is the most expensive due to high cost of fuels, so it cannot be used by common people. 

(b) Air traffic is adversely affected by bad weather like fog and storms.

Q.14. What do you understand by the term Transhumance?

Ans: It is a seasonal movement of people. People who rear animals move in search of new pastures according to changes in seasons.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q.1. What are the advantages of Waterways?

Ans: Advantages of Waterways:

(i) Waterways are the cheapest mean for transportation. 

(ii) They are useful for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances.

(iii) They are of two types of waterways. These are – inland waterways and sea routes. Navigable rivers and lakes are used as inland waterways.

(iv) They are pollutant free means of transport.

Q.2. What are settlements? Where did early people make their settlement? Where did most of the early civilisations flourish?

Ans: Settlements are places where people build their homes. Early human beings lived on trees and in caves. When they started to grow crops it became necessary to have a permanent home. The settlements grew near the river valleys as water was available and land was fertile. With the development of trade, commerce and manufacturing, human settlements became larger.

Early settlements flourished and civilizations developed near river valleys. Some of the civilizations that grew along the banks of rivers Indus, Tigris, Nile and Hwang-Ho.

Q.3. State the some inland waterways. 

Ans: (i) The Ganga river between Allahabad and Haldia (1620 km)- N.W. No. 1.

(ii) The Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri (891 km)-N.W. No. 2. 

(iii) The West-Coast Canal in Kerala (Kottapuram- Kollam, Udyogamandal and Champakara Canals (205 km)-N.W. No. 3.

(iv) Specified stretches of Godavari and Krishna rivers along with Kakinada-Puducherry stretch of canals (1078 km)-N.W. No. 4.

(v) Specified stretches of river Brahmani along with Matai river, delta channels of Mahanadi and Brahmani rivers and East Coast Canal (588 km)-N.W. No. 5.

There are some other inland waterways on which substantial transportation takes place.

Q.4. Why road transport is consider better than railways?

Ans: Road transport is consider better than railways as:

(a) construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines (tracks). 

(b) roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography.

(c) roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas.

(d) road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances.

(e) it also provides door-to-door service.

(f) road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport.

Q.5. Distinguish between the following:

(a) Transport and Communication.

(b) Rural and Urban Settlement.

(c) Inland Waterways and Sea Routes. 

Ans: (a) Transport and Communication

(b) Rural and Urban Settlement

(c) Inland Waterways and Sea Routes

Q.6. Distinguish between National Highways and State Highways.

Ans: 

Q.7. Name and explain the different types of roadways. 

Ans: There are basically four types of roadways, namely.

(a) Metalled Roads: These roads are made from cement, bricks, concretes. They are all weather roads.

(b) Unmetalled Roads: These roads are not made from concrete material and thus cannot be used in rainy season.

(c) Highways: These are special roads which connect major towns or cities.

(d) Subway or under paths: Roads build underground are called subways or under paths. Flyovers are built over raised structures. 

Q.8. Describe the different types patterns of rural settlement.

Ans: Rural settlement can be of two types: 

(a) Compact Settlement: It is a closely built area of dwellings where flat land is available.

(b) Scattered Settlement: In a scattered settlement dwellings are spaced over an extensive area. This type of settlement is mostly found in hilly areas, forest tracks and regions of extreme climate.

Q.9. Name the fastest mode of transport and write down its advantages as well. 

Or

Why is air transport preferred over other means of transport? 

Ans: Airways is the fastest mode of transport. It has the following advantages: 

(a) It is the only mode of transport to reach the most remote and distant areas especially where there are no roads and railways.

(b) Helicopters are extremely useful in most inaccessible areas and in times of calamities for rescuing people and distributing food, water, clothes and medicines.

Q.10. Name and explain the different means of communication. 

Ans: Different means of communication are as follows:

(a) Mass Media: It means communicating information to a large number of people. This type of media includes-newspapers, television, radio. 

(b) Satellites: Satellites have made communication even faster. They have helped in oil exploration, survey of forest, underground water, mineral wealth, weather forecast and disaster warning.

(c) Electronic Communication: Now we can send electronic mails or emails through internet.

(d) Telecommunication: It includes communication through telephones, cellphones.

Q.11. “Computer and Internet have changed our lives.” Explain the statement.

Ans: Computer and internet not only provides us with worldwide information and interaction but has also made our lives more comfortable. Now we can reserve tickets for railways, airways and even cinemas and hotels, sitting at home. With this kind of interconnectivity of people, services and institutions across the world, we are a large global society.

Higher Order Thinking Skill

Q.1. The distribution pattern of the Railway network in the country has been largely influenced by physiographic, economic and administrative factors. Explain, how?

Ans: (i) The northern plains with their vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources provide the most favourable condition for their growth. 

(ii) In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracts are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels.

(iii) The Himalayan mountainous regions are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities.

Q.2. ‘Transport and communications are necessary infrastructure for the economic advancement of a country.’ Explain.

Ans: Transport and communications constitute the infrastructure for the growth and development of agriculture, industry and trade of a country.

(i) The production and exchange of agricultural products depend on means of transportation.

(ii) Developed means of transport are essential for assembling raw material for different industries. The manufactured goods are sent to markets at a low cost of transportation.

(iii) An efficient system of transport is essential for the growth of trade of country.

Value Based Questions

Q.1. Which favourable conditions play an important role for selection of an ideal site?

Ans: The given below favourable conditions play an important role for selection of an ideal site:

(i) suitable climate.

(ii) availability of water.

(iii) favourable land.

(iv) fertile soil.

(v) abundance of natural resources.

Q.2. Describe how topography affect growth of settlements in a locality?

Ans: Topography refers to relief features of the land or nature of land. It affects all human activities for construction of houses, agriculture, etc. In earlier period extensive towns and cities developed in plains. Very few people permanently live on mountains.

Q.3. Trace the advancement in Railways.

 Ans: Advancement in railways can be traced as follows:

(a) The invention of the steam engine and the Industrial Revolution helped in the speedy development of rail transport.

(b) Diesel and electric engines have largely replaced the steam engines.

(c) In places super fast trains have been introduced to make the journey faster.

(d) Advanced technological skills have enabled laying of railway lines in difficult mountain terrains also.

MAP SKILL

1. On the given map mark and locate the Trans-Siberian Railway network.

Ans: 

2. On the map of world mark and locate the following: 

(i) Major Sea Route.

(ii) Air Route.

Ans: 

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. Write True or False for each of the following statement:

1. Settlements are places where people build their homes. 

Ans: True. 

2. The place where a building or a settlement develops is called its settlements.

Ans: False. 

3. In rural areas, people build houses to suit their environment.

Ans: True.

Il. Fill in the blanks:

1. The _______ is the longest railway system connecting St. Petersburg in Western Russia to Vladivostok on the Pacific coast.

Ans: Trans-Siberian Railway.

2. The place where a building or a settlement develops is called its _______.

Ans: Site. 

3. Settlements can be _______ or _______.

Ans: Permanent, temporary.

Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct option:

1. Which mode of transport is most suitable to reach an island?

(a) Ship.

(b) Train.

(c) Car.

(d) Bicycle.

Ans: (a) Ship.

2. Which vehicle does not pollute the environment?

(a) Train.

(b) Aeroplane. 

(c) Bus.

(d) Bicycle.

Ans: (d) Bicycle.

3. Settlements are of _______ types.

(a) Two.

(b) Four.

(c) Five. 

(d) Six.

Ans: (a) Tow.

4. The train from Xining to Lhasa runs at an altitude of _______ m: above sea level.

(a) 3000.

(b) 4000.

(c) 5000.

(d) 5500.

Ans: (b) 4000.

IV. Match the following:

Ans: