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NCERT Class 12 Health and Physical Education Chapter 5 Sports & Nutrition
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Sports & Nutrition
Chapter: 5
| Some Other Important Questions For Examinations |
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. A __________ diet contains all the essential food constituents necessary for growth and maintenance of our body.
(a) Strict.
(b) Consistent.
(c) Prescribed.
(d) Balanced.
Ans: (d) Balanced.
2. __________ are the vitamins, minerals, antioxidants etc., required for an overall good health.
(a) Micronutrients.
(b) Medicines.
(c) Supplements.
(d) Macronutrients.
Ans: (a) Micronutrients.
3. Which of these is a water soluble vitamin?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin C
(c) Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin K
Ans: (b) Vitamin C.
4. Which of these is not a macronutrient?
(a) Carbohydrates.
(b) Proteins.
(c) Air.
(d) Water.
Ans: (c) Air.
5. Which one of the following is an example of microminerals?
(a) Sodium.
(b) Potassium.
(c) Iron.
(d) Calcium.
Ans: (c) Iron.
6. Each gram of fat when burns or metabolises, releases ___________ kcal of energy.
(a) 6
(b) 7
(c) 8
(d) 9
Ans: (d) 9
7. Which one of the following is non-essential amino acids?
(a) Histidine.
(b) Alanine.
(c) Isoleucine.
(d) Leucine.
Ans: (b) Alanine.
8. This vitamin is essential for strengthening of our bones and formation of teeth.
(a) Vitamin D
(b) Vitamin C
(c) Vitamin A
(d) Vitamin B complex
Ans: (a) Vitamin D.
9. The main source of vitamin C is:
(a) Guava.
(b) Egg.
(c) Milk.
(d) Banana.
Ans: (a) Guava.
10. Maximum Carbohydrates are obtained from ___________.
(a) whole grain food.
(b) fish.
(c) plant oil.
(d) nuts.
Ans: (a) whole grain food.
11. Sources of proteins includes ___________.
(a) fish.
(b) spinach.
(c) potato.
(d) cucumber.
Ans: (b) spinach.
12. A balanced diet is complete, when it will be ___________.
(a) complex Carbohydrates.
(b) according to the needs of the person.
(c) animal fat rich.
(d) 4 to 5 liters of water.
Ans: (a) complex Carbohydrates.
13. Which food item has carbohydrates and fats?
(a) Bread and butter.
(b) Rice and Pulses.
(c) Potato and Tomato.
(d) Tomato and Almond.
Ans: (a) Bread and butter.
14. Body needs vitamins and minerals because ____________.
(a) they give energy to the body.
(b) they help carry out metabolic reactions.
(c) they insulate the body’s organs.
(d) they withdraw heat from the body.
Ans: (b) they help carry out metabolic reactions.
15. Which one of the following is the example of macro mineral?
(a) Phosphorus.
(b) Copper.
(c) lodine.
(d) Iron.
Ans: (a) Phosphorus.
16. Following food items are sources of which nutrient?
(a) Protein.
(b) Vitamin.
(c) Carbohydrate.
(d) Fat.
Ans: (a) Protein.
17. Match the following:
| 1. Creates antibodies | A. Fat |
| 2. Protects internal organs | B. Calcium |
| 3. Essential for bones and teeth | C. Iron |
| 4. Essential for creating haemoglobin | D. Protein |
(a) 1D, 2A, 3B, 4C
(b) 1D, 2B, 3A, 4C
(c) 1 – A, 2C , 3C, 4D
(d) 1 – B , 2C, 3D, 4A
Ans: (a) 1D, 2A, 3B, 4C,
18. Match the following:
| 1. Carbohydrate | A. Build internal organs |
| 2. Protein | B. Provides energy to the body |
| 3. Fat | C. Make cells soft and flexible |
| 4. Water | D. Protect the soft organs |
(a) 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C
(b) 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4C
(c) 1-B, 2-A 3-C, 4D
(d) 1-B, 2-C, 3-4, 4A
Ans: (a) 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C,
19. Match the following:
| 1. Vitamin A | (A) Anaemia |
| 2. Vitamin K | (B) Degeneration of Muscles |
| 3. Vitamin D | (C) Night Blindness |
| 4. Vitamin E | (D) Rickets |
(a) 1 (C), 2 (A), 3 (D), 4 (B)
(b) 1 (A), 2 (C), 3 (B), 4 (D)
(c) 1 (D), 2 (C), 3 (B), 4 (A)
(d) 1 (C), 2 (D), 3 (B), 4 (A)
Ans: (a) 1 (C), 2 (A), 3 (D), 4 (B).
STATE WHETHER THE GIVEN STATEMENT IS TRUE OR FALSE
1. Carbohydrates come under nutritive components of diet.
Ans: True.
2. Vitamin K is a water soluble vitamin.
Ans: False.
3. Protein is the largest component in our body after water.
Ans: True.
4. Vitamin B₂ is also known as Riboflavin.
Ans: True.
5. The deficiency of Vitamin B causes anaemia.
Ans: False.
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. The deficiency of ___________ causes beri-beri.
Ans: vitamin B1
2. The deficiency of iodine causes __________.
Ans: goitre.
3. Our blood contains __________ percent of water.
Ans: 90
4. The greatest source of calcium is ____________.
Ans: milk.
5. The food component present in sugar is ___________.
Ans: carbohydrate.
ASSERTION AND REASONING
Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R):
Codes: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
1. Assertion (A): Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur are found in protein molecules.
Reason (R): The body’s digestive system converts them into amino-acids which enter our blood.
Ans: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Assertion (A): Vitamin A was the first vitamin which was discovered in 1913 by Mc Collum.
Reason (R): This vitamin is found in various forms such as Glucose and Starch.
Ans: (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
3. Assertion (A): Vitamin C is also known as Ascorbic acid.
Reason (R): It is a not water soluble vitamin.
Ans: (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. Assertion (A): Vitamin E is helpful in increasing fertility among men and women.
Reason (R): Its deficiency causes the death of the child in the womb of the mother, abortions and miscarriages happen with the result that women loses their reproductive ability.
Ans: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
5. Assertion (A): A good diet consists of right portion of minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
Reason (R): Avoiding junk food is part of balanced diet.
Ans: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS
1. Nutrition is defined as the science of food and its relationship to health. In other words, it can be said that nutrition is the science of foods which deals with the dynamic process in which the food consumed is digested, nutrients are absorbed and distributed to the tissues for utilisation and waste are disposed off the body.
(A) Nutrition is defined as the __________.
(a) minerals and water.
(b) essential nutrients in adequate amount.
(c) science of food and its relationship to health.
(d) None of these.
Ans: (c) science of food and its relationship to health.
(B) Nutrients are divided into ___________ groups.
(a) 2
(b) 6
(c) 4
(d) 3
Ans: (a) 2
(C) Energy in food comes from __________.
(a) proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
(b) vitamins.
(c) water and fibre.
(d) minerals.
Ans: (a) proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
2. in an inter-school debate, the SPG School head boy. Varun, has to speak on nutrition and its importance in sports. Varun should talk about macro nutrient and micro nutrient diet groups. While talking about the three macro nutrient groups, when it comes to muscle-building and strength improvement, he should talk primarily about proteins. Nutrition is intrinsic to performance at all levels, especially sports. Muscle strength, endurance and stamina are all directly linked to sports performance. Capacity to perform as well as immunity and recovery from sports injuries depends on good nutrition and he should emphasise that good nutrition is the basis of good sports performance.
(A) What are the groups of nutrients he should talk about?
(a) Macro nutrient and Micro nutrient diet groups.
(b) Only Macro nutrient diet group.
(c) Protein and carbohydrates.
(d) None of these.
Ans: (a) Macro nutrient and Micro nutrient diet groups.
(B) Of all the macro nutrients, what should he focus on while talking about muscle-building and strength improvement?
(a) Vitamins.
(b) Fats.
(c) Primarily about proteins.
(d) Oils.
Ans: (c) Primarily about proteins.
(C) While talking about nutrition, how can he link it to sports performance?
(a) Muscle strength, endurance and stamina.
(b) immunity and recovery.
(c) Sports injuries.
(d) Good nutrition.
Ans: (a) Muscle strength, endurance and stamina.
3. Rahul, a student of class XII, has recently joined a gym near his house to get a toned and muscular body. He consults his gym trainer regarding his diet and is advised to increase the intake of protein in his diet.
(A) Proteins are also known as ___________.
(a) Nitrogenous food.
(b) Body building food.
(c) Fatty food.
(d) Both (a) and (b).
Ans: (d) Both (a) and (b).
(B) Deficiency of protein can cause ___________.
(a) Rickets.
(b) Kwashiorkor.
(c) Scurvy.
(d) Night blindness.
Ans: (b) Kwashiorkor.
(C) Protein helps in ____________.
(a) increasing bone density.
(b) protoplasm formation.
(c) antibodies formation.
(d) both (b) and (c).
Ans: (d) both (b) and (c).
4. Sita got admission in class IX in a reputed school. School is taking all the children on a picnic to Ramoji Film City. Sita suffered from a severe stomach ache on her journey. Immediately the class teacher consulted a Doctor who diagnosed the problem and told her that Sita had difficulty digesting a particular food. This can lead to symptoms such as intestinal gas, abdominal pain or diarrhoea. It is sometimes confused with or mislabelled as a food allergy.
(A) Food intolerance can cause:
(a) Diarrhoea.
(b) Anaemia.
(c) Fatigue.
(d) Loss of Appetite.
Ans: (a) Diarrhoea.
(B) Excess intake of Iron and Magnesium causes ___________.
(a) Stone in the kidney.
(b) Rickets.
(c) Nervous problems.
(d) Digestive problem.
Ans: (a) Stone in the kidney.
DIAGRAM BASED QUESTIONS
1. Food is the basic requirement of every individual to fulfill the energy needs and to meet the development of the body. The nutritious diet directly affects the health of an individual. It contains various types of nutrients in it.
(A) The bottom most part of the food pyramid is occupied by ___________ indicating large quantities of intake.
(a) carbohydrates.
(b) vitamins.
(c) minerals.
(d) fats.
Ans: (a) carbohydrates.
(B) Major portion of individuals dite constitutes __________ nutrients.
(a) macro.
(b) micro.
(c) water.
(d) roughage.
Ans: (a) macro.
(C) Fat soluble vitamins are __________.
(a) Vit A and D.
(b) Vit A and K.
(c) Vit E and D.
(d) Vit A, D, E and K.
Ans: (d) Vit A, D, E and K.
(D) The body building nutrient is __________.
(a) fat.
(b) vitamin.
(c) protein.
(d) mineral.
Ans: (c) protein.
(E) Ghee, butter, cheese and curds are rich sources of ____________.
(a) vitamins.
(b) fats.
(c) minerals.
(d) proteins.
Ans: (b) fats.
2. Below given is the details of different types of vitamins required for our body.
(A) The vitamins, minerals, and water collectively called as __________ food.
(a) body building.
(b) defensive.
(c) energy yielding.
(d) facilitating.
Ans: (b) defensive.
(B) Vitamin E contributes to the production of __________, making our __________ system strong.
(a) strength, digestive.
(b) antibodies, immunity.
(c) both (a) and (b).
(d) hormones, muscular.
Ans: (b) antibodies, immunity.
(C) __________ is a group of 8 water soluble vitamin which are important for cellular metabolism.
(a) Vitamin E.
(b) Vitamin B Complex.
(c) Vitamin C.
(d) Vitamin D.
Ans: (b) Vitamin B Complex.
3. A balanced diet refers to the intake of food constituting all the necessary nutrients. Ram shares his knowledge of ‘food and nutrition’ with neighbors while visiting his grandparents in a village. Ram notices that few people living in that village are suffering with goiter and severe anemia.
(A) Minerals are placed under __________ nutrient category on basis of required quantity.
(a) micro.
(b) macro.
(c) roughage.
(d) nonnutritive.
Ans: (a) micro.
(B) Goiter is caused due to deficiency of ___________.
(a) calcium.
(b) iodine.
(c) selenium.
(d) iron.
Ans: (b) iodine.
(C) Low levels of this mineral will lead to Anemia.
(a) Copper.
(b) Sodium.
(c) Iron.
(d) Calcium.
Ans: (c) Iron.
(D) From the above picture, it can be derived that
(a) Vegetables and fruits are enough to stay healthy.
(b) Exercise along with proper nutrition is required.
(c) Red and green colored foods only to betaken.
(d) All of the above.
Ans: (b) Exercise along with proper nutrition is required.
(E) Fresh Vegetables and Fruits are rich sources of ___________.
(a) vitamins.
(b) minerals.
(c) both (a) and (b).
(d) fats.
Ans: (c) both (a) and (b).
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Q.1. Define balanced diet.
Ans: Balanced diet is that diet which contains all nutritents (macro and micro) in correct proportion for efficient working of body.
Q. 2 What are fats?
Ans: Fats are the energy boosters which provide us with twice as much energy as carbohydrates. We can store extra fat in our body to be used later.
Q. 3. What do you mean by ‘Nutrition’?
Ans: ‘Nutrition’ is defined as the science of food and its relationship to health.
Q. 4. What do you mean by macro nutrients?
Ans: They include carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
Q. 5. What are the micro nutrients?
Ans: Vitamins and minerals are micro nutrients which are needed by our body in small amount.
Q. 6. Define nutritive components.
Ans: The food elements which are rich in nutrition value are called nutritive components.
Q. 7. What are Vitamins?
Ans: Vitamins are complex compounds of carbon. They are very essential for normal working of body. They are important for metabolism of fats and carbohydrates.
Q. 8. Enlist two sources for calcium and iron separately.
Ans: Calcium → Milk, Yolk.
Iron → Meat, green vegetables.
Q. 9. Enlist two non-nutritive components of diet.
Ans: (i) Fibre or roughage.
(ii) Flavour compounds.
Q. 10. Enlist the macro nutrients.
Ans: (i) Proteins.
(ii) Carbohydrates.
(iii) Fat.
(iv) Water.
Q. 11. What do you mean by nutrition?
Ans: Nutrition is a dynamic process in which the body is made realthy by the consumption of food.
Q. 12. What do you mean by healthy weight?
Ans: A healthy weight is that weight at which an individual leads a healthy life without any risk of diseases
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Explain the role of carbohydrates in food.
Ans: These carbohydrates contain vitamins and minerals. They are also called quick energy food. They are also good sources of vitamins and minerals. Carbohydrates are starches which contain various types of sugar molecules combined chemically to form glycogen.
Q. 2. Discuss the role of fats in diet.
Ans: (i) Fats keep us warm and give protection to organiser.
(ii) Fats also help in production of hormones.
(iii) Fatty acids provide the raw materials which help in control of blood pressure, blood clotting and other body functions.
(iv) Fats help in transportation of fat soluble vitamins like A, D, E and K.
(v) Fats maintain skin and hair.
Q. 3. What are vitamins? Name two groups of vitamins.
Ans: Vitamins are chemicals which are required in very small amount to keep our body healthy. If a particular vitamin is not taken in diet it may cause a deficiency disease. For example, if vitamin C is not taken in diet, it will cause the scurvy disease.
There are two groups of vitamins which are mentioned below:
(i) Fat Soluble Vitamins.
(ii) Water Soluble Vitamins.
Q. 4. What do you mean by water soluble vitamins? Explain about them in brief.
Ans: Eight of the water-soluble vitamins are known as the vitamin B-complex group. Thiamin (vitamin B₁). riboflavin (vitamin B₂), niacin (vitamin B₃), vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine), folate (folic acid), vitamin B₁₂, biotin and pantothenic acid. The B vitamins are widely distributed in foods and their influence is felt in many parts of the body. They function as enzymes that help the body to oblain energy from food. The B vitamins are also important for normal appetite, good vision, and healthy skin, nervous system, and red blood cell formation.
Q. 5. Mention the uses of any two minerals in our diet.
Ans: (i) lodine lodine is essential for proper thyroid function. Its deficiency causes goitre and sources are seafood and salt.
(ii) Calcium Calcium is helpful in the formation of teeth and bones. It helps in clotting of blood. Its deficiency causes rickets and asthma. Milk, cheese, oranges and green vegetables have a rich amount of calcium.
Q. 6. Diet for sportsperson is important. What should be the aims of preparing diet for sportsperson?
Ans: For a sportsperson, taking proper diet is very essential.
The aims of preparing diet for sportsperson are as follows:
(i) For maintaining a healthy body weight.
(ii) For providing energy needed to perform
various activities of the body.
(iii) For the proper growth of the body.
(iv) For replacing worn out tissues.
(v) For providing chemicals that help to control the body functions.
(vi) For protecting the body against diseases.
(vii) For providing the body with adequate energy required during practice sessions as well as during competitions.
(viii) For providing easy recovery of cells and tissues after a competition is over.
Q. 7. What are the Nutritive and Non-nutritive components of diet? Explain.
Ans: Food components whether they are nutritive (providing calories) or non-nutritive (not providing calories) are needed to a multiple of food and beverages.
They not only provide a sweet flavour to foods, they are also used to preserve foods (in jams or jellies). provide body bulk and texture (in ice-cream and baked goods), enhance other flavours (like salty) and aid in fermentation (in breads and pickles).
The nutritive components of diet are proteins. carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals.
Non-nutritive components do not contribute to the energy, calories or nurtrition of the body Some non- nutritive components are essential for the body while others harm the body Colour compounds. Flavour compounds. Food addictives. Plant compound, Water. Roughage or Fibre are some non-nutritive components of diel.
Q. B. How water is useful for us? Explain briefly.
Ans: Water in very useful component of our diet because Blood comprises 90% of water with help of water through blood the nutrients are carried to various deals of body It important for secretion of waste products It regulators body temperature Our body loses approximately 2% of our body weight or water per day We compensate thus loss of water by drinking water and by intake of food substances. It also functions as a lubricant keeps the skin moist and protects the body from shock. Amount 20% of water intake comes from food and remaining intake come from drinking water.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q.1. What is Balanced Diet? How it is important for individual body?
Ans: Balanced diet in that diet which consisted of various constituents of food in accurate and appropriate in quantity and quality according to the requirement of an individual and helps in growth and development of our body.
Importance:
(i) Energy Resource: It gives sufficient energy to body for various activities.
(ii) For optimum growth and Developments: It helps individual to grow and to achieve the aim of all round development.
(iii) Proper function of Organs: By help of balanced diet every organ functions well and properly.
(iv) Faster Recovery: It helps to repair and replace the worn out tissues thus faster recovery.
(v) Strong immune system: It make better
resistance power to body to make good immune system.
(vi) Improves fitness Level: It improves overall health states and resulting in fitness of body by preventing diseases.
(vii) Improves Metabolism: Quality of metabolizing and thus efficient release of energy.
(viii) Prevents Deficiency Diseases: It gives all necessary nutrients to body so deficiencies diseases cannot takes place.
(ix) Maintaining body weight: It helps individual to maintain proper body weight.
(x) Overall efficiency improves: It improves all physiological systems of body then more of efficiency level of individual. In this way Balanced diet is useful for as.
Q.2 Briefly explain the functions and resources of fat soluble vitamins.
Ans: The vitamins that are soluble in fats are called fat soluble vitamins. The are vitamins A, D, E and K.
Functions:
(i) Vitamin A: This is essential for normal growth of the body. Deficiency of vitamin A leads to night blindness and also affects the kidneys, nervous system and digestive system.
Sources are milk, curd, ghee, egg yolk, fish, tomato, papaya, green vegetables, orange, spinach, carrot and pumpkin.
(ii) Vitamin D: This is essential for the formation of healthy teeth and bones. The presence of this vitamin in the body enables it to absorb calcium and phosphorus. Its deficiency causes rickets, softness of bones, teeth diseases.
Sources are egg yolk, fish, sunlight, vegetables, cod liver oil, milk, cream, butter.
(iii) Vitamin E: This is essential in increasing the fertility among men and women as well as proper functioning of adrenal and sex glands. Its deficiency causes weakness in muscles and heart.
Sources are green vegetables, sprouts, coconut oil, dry and fresh fruits, milk, meat, butter, maize.
(iv) Vitamin K: This is helpful in the clotting of blood. Its deficiency causes anaemia and blood do not clot easily.
Sources are cauliflower, spinach, cabbage, tomato, potato, wheat, egg and meat.
Q. 3. Explain essential elements of diet.
Ans: There are many nutrients in the food. These are known as elements.
Essential elements of our diet are:
(i) Carbohydrates: These are the compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Sources: Fruits, milk, vegetables, pulses. bajra, rice, cakes etc.
Functions: The main function of carbohydrates is to provide energy to the body, brain and nervous system.
(ii) Proteins: Proteins are a chain of amino acids that contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen.
Sources: Eggs, milk, meat, beans and animals poducts etc.
Functions: Proteins are the main components of muscles, organs and glands. The cells of muscles and ligaments are maintained with protein and proteins are used for the growth and development of children.
(iii) Fats: Fats contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Sources: Animal products, milk, cream, cheese, butter, olive oil etc.
Functions: Fats are a source of energy. They are important for the proper functioning of the body. Fatty acids provide the raw materials which help in control of blood pressure.
(iv) Vitamins: Vitamins are compounds of carbon. The important vitamins are A, C, D, E, K and B- complex (B¹, B², B³, B⁵, B⁶, B⁷, B⁸, B⁹, and B’¹²,).
Sources: Milk, butter, eggs, green vegetables, exposure to sunlight, oil, nuts, seeds, fish, amla etc.
Functions: Vitamins play an important role in many chemical processes in the body. Vitamins are essential for metabolism of fat and carbohydrate and are needed for healthy skin. They are helpful in RBC production.
(v) Minerals: Minerals are iron, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, iodine, copper, chloride etc.
Sources: Egg, milk, meat, green vegetables, pulses, fish salts, tea and coffee etc.
Functions: Minerals are essential for proper growth of the body. Calcium is needed for strong teeth and bones. It is also essential for proper thyroid function.
(vi) Water: Water is an important element of balanced diet.
Source: Natural.
Functions: Water helps in the digestive system. It regulates the body temperature and carries nutrients to cells.
