NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 14 Social Justice Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 14 Social Justice Notes and select need one. NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 14 Social Justice Question Answers Download PDF. NCERT Political Science Class 11 Solutions.
NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 14 Social Justice
Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. CBSE Class 11 Political Science Solutions are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 14 Social Justice Notes, NCERT Class 11 Political Science Textbook Solutions for All Chapters, You can practice these here.
Social Justice
Chapter: 14
| (PART-B) POLITICAL THEORY |
| TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS ANSWER |
1. What does it mean to give each person his/her due? How has the meaning of “giving each his due” changed over time?
Ans: Justice means giving each person what he or she deserves, or, in more traditional terms, giving each person his or her due.
Here are a few ways in which this concept has transformed:
(i) Legal and Rights Perspective: The central principle of the legal theory of rights is that they completely depend upon the institutions and recognition of state. An individual cannot claim rights if those are not recognised by the state. Mere recognition, moreover, is not sufficient for the exercise of rights.
(ii) Social and Economic Equality: Social equality means each individual or group of people is given the same resources or opportunities. For a more in-depth discussion on the very important differences between equity and equality, click here.
(iii) Ethical and Moral Dimensions: Information rights and obligations, property rights and obligations, system quality, quality of life, and accountability and control.
(iv) Cultural and Diversity Perspectives: The political perspective of diversity maintains that it’s important to think about representation of and justice toward traditionally underserved, underrepresented, and marginalised groups.
(v) Globalisation and International Relations: Globalisation links cultures and international relations on a variety of levels; economics, politically, socially, etc. International relations have used globalisation to reach its goal of understanding cultures.
2. Briefly discuss the three principles of justice attained in the chapter. Explain each with examples.
Ans: Three prominent principles are:
Equality: The Principle of Equality is concerned with the extent to which these fundamental desires are satisfied. It has to do with different extents of well-being, this being nothing other than the mentioned satisfaction. It is a recommendation with respect to the distribution of this satisfaction or well-being.
Example: In a classroom setting, equality might mean that all students are given equal opportunities to participate in discussions or receive the same resources (like textbooks or access to technology) unless there are specific educational needs that require tailored support for some students.
Need: The Five Principles of Peaceful Co-Existence are: mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non- interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
Example: In healthcare, the principle of need might guide decisions about allocating medical resources. Patients with urgent medical conditions or life-threatening illnesses might receive priority treatment over those with less critical needs, ensuring that limited resources are used effectively to save lives.
Merit: The three principles are often translated into and summarised as nationalism, democracy, and the livelihood of the people (or welfarism).
Example: In educational scholarships or job promotions, merit-based principles are often applied. Scholarships might be awarded to students who demonstrate academic excellence or exceptional talents in extracurricular activities. Similarly, job promotions might be based on performance evaluations and accomplishments relevant to the job.
3. Does the principle of considering the special needs of people conflict with the principle of equal treatment for all?
Ans: In our opinion the principle of considering the special needs of people does not conflict with the principle of equal treatment for all. All individuals are human beings, therefore, they deserve equal rights and equal treatment. The principle of considering the special needs of people does not raise a conflict with the principle of equal treatment of all in the following way. People with special needs are given special treatment to facilitate their participation in the society.
4. How does Rawls use the idea of a veil of ignorance to argue that fair and just distribution can be defended on rational grounds?
Ans: Rawls uses the idea of a veil of ignorance to argue that fair and just distribution can be defended on rational grounds. He says that if a person keeps herself/himself under the ‘veil of ignorance’ then s/he would come up with the just distribution, fair laws and policies that would affect the whole society.
(i) Veil of Ignorance Concept: The “veil of ignorance” is a moral reasoning device designed to promote impartial decision making by denying decision makers access to potentially biassing information about who will benefit most or least from the available options.
(ii) Original Position: The idea of the original position is that it’s a purely hypothetical scenario designed to force us to consider what we would do if we were totally unbiased-that is, if we didn’t treat ourselves as any more important than anyone else. Our society isn’t and never will be equivalent to the original position.
(iii) Choice of Principles: But public choice, like the economic model of rational behaviour on which it rests, assumes that people are guided chiefly by their own self-interests and, more important, that the motivations of people in the political process are no different from those of people in the steak, housing, or car market.
(iv) Maximin Principle: The essence of the maximum principle is the simple observation that if each eigenvalue is positive (which amounts to a certain formulation of “ellipticity” of the differential equation) then the above equation imposes a certain balancing of the directional second derivatives of the solution.
(v) Justification of Fair Distribution: Distributive justice is concerned with the fair allocation of resources among diverse members of a community. Fair allocation typically takes into account the total amount of goods to be distributed, the distributing procedure, and the pattern of distribution that results.
(vi) Rational Grounds: The rational choice theory is used in politics to try to understand and predict the choices that voters and other governments will make based on what’s in their best self-interest. It can help by looking at government bodies as a collection of people making decisions.
5. What are generally considered to be the basic minimum requirements of people for living a healthy and productive life? What is the responsibility of the government in trying to ensure this minimum to all?
Ans: Basic Minimum Requirements:
(i) Adequate Nutrition:
(a) Clean Water and Sanitation: Water for personal and domestic use must be safe and free from microorganisms, chemical substances and radiological hazards that constitute a threat to a person’s health. Sanitation facilities must be hygienically safe to use and prevent human, animal and insect contact with human excreta.
(b) Shelter: This means that the food eaten in a meal contains the food nutrients (protein, carbohydrate, fat, mineral, vitamin and water) and other substances (phytochemicals, antioxidants among others) in proper quantity and proportion to one another to ensure maintenance of good health.
(c) Healthcare: Nutrition is a critical part of health and development. Better nutrition is related to improved infant, child and maternal health, stronger immune systems, safer pregnancy and childbirth, lower risk of non-communicable diseases (such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease), and longevity. Healthy children learn better.
(d) Education: Nutrition education can be defined as any set of learning experiences designed to facilitate the voluntary adoption of eating and other nutrition-related behaviours conducive to health and well-being. It is an integral part of providing nutrition services to older persons.
(e) Employment and Livelihood: Employment is normally predicated on individuals, while livelihoods are an attribute of households. However, characterising livelihoods involves using data about the household itself and data about their individual members (such as the particular combination of jobs held by various household members).
(f) Security: Nutrition security means consistent access, availability, and affordability of foods and beverages that promote well-being, prevent disease, and, if needed, treat disease, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities, lower income, and rural and remote populations including Tribal communities and Insular areas.
(g) Social Support: Social support refers to the fundamental experience that people need in order to stay healthy both physically and mentally, to get proper aid and comfort, and to integrate morally and behaviorally into the group or society at hand.
(ii) Government’s Responsibility:
(a) Policy and Regulation: Federal rules and laws can be enacted by legislative acts that regulate whole industries, or they can be applied case by case to the commercial activities of owners. These rules aim to promote the public health, safety, welfare, and morality of its people.
(b) Public Services: Public services are available to people within a government jurisdiction as provided directly through public sector agencies or via public financing to private businesses or voluntary organisations (or even as provided by family households, though terminology may differ depending on context).
(c) Economic Support: Governments are meant to guide and direct the pace of economic activity in the country. It also needs to ensure stable growth, high employment, and price stability.The role of economics is to look at a factor that underlies political activity. This factor is an economic motive. It is in the politician, the voter, and the state.
(d) Infrastructure Development: In truth, infrastructure is the physical manifestation of both political power and social values. The design, location, scale, and scope of what governments build reflect social, economic, and political power in society.
(e) Legal Framework: More specifically the legal framework incorporates laws, amendments, treaties, acts, ordinances, mandates, regulations, and their enforcement mechanisms. The institutional system refers to the structure of government and its agencies, independent think tanks, and private sector services.
(f) Public Awareness and Education: A public awareness and education project is a way to bring a certain issue to the attention of a group of people. This type of project can take many forms, ranging from a poster contest to a fair at a local mall or a program on one of your town’s radio or television stations.
6. Which of the following arguments could be used to justify state action to provide basic minimum conditions of life to all citizens?
(a) Providing free services to the poor and needy can be justified as an act of charity.
(b) Providing all citizens with a basic minimum standard of living is one way of ensuring equality of opportunity.
(c) Some people are naturally lazy and we should be kind to them:
(d) Ensuring basic facilities and a minimum standard of living to all is a recognition of our shared humanity and human rights.
Ans: (b) Providing all citizens with a basic minimum standard of living on one way of ensuring equality of opportunity.
