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NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 4 Executive
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Executive
Chapter: 4
| (PART-A) INDIAN CONSTITUTION AT WORK |
| TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS ANSWER |
1. A Parliamentary Executive means:
(a) Executive where there is a Parliament.
(b) Executive elected by the Parliament.
(c) Where the Parliament functions as the executive.
(d) Executive that is dependent on support of the majority in the Parliament.
Ans: (d) Executive that is dependent on the support of the majority of the Parliament.
2. Read this dialogue. Which argue- ment do you agree with? Why?
Amit: Looking at the constitutional provisions, it seems that the President is only a rubber stamp.
Shama: The President appoints the Prime Minister. So he must have the powers to remove the Prime Minister as well.
Rajesh: We don’t need a President. After the election, the Parliament can meet and elect a leader to be the Prime Minister.
Ans: In the above said dialogue the position of our President is discussed. In the first argument the President is only a rubber stamp. But it is not true. In the third argument also it is discussed that there is no need for the President. After the elections, the Parliament can meet and elect a person to be the Prime Minister. This position also is not practicable.
Looking at the constitutional provisions, it appears that the President is only a rubber stamp. This is because despite having certain discretionary powers, the President is bound to act according to the advice given by the council of ministers.
The argument raised by Amit is correct. Looking at the constitutional provisions, it appears that the President is only a rubber stamp. This is because despite having certain discretionary powers, the President is bound to act according to the advice given by the council of ministers. Even the veto power of the President is limited. For instance, the President has to give assent to the bill which has been rejected by him earlier if it is passed by the parliament again.
3. Match the following:
| (i) Works within the particular state in which they are recruited. | (a) Indians Foreign Service. |
| (ii) Works in any central government office located either at the national capital or elsewhere in the country. | (b) State Civil Services. |
| (iii) Works in a particular state to which allotted; can also be sent on deputation to the centre. | (c) All India Services. |
| (iv) Works in Indian missions abroad. | (d) Central Services. |
Ans:
| (i) Works within the particular state in which they are recruited. | (b) State Civil Services. |
| (ii) Works in any central government office located either at the national capital or elsewhere in the country. | (c) All India Services. |
| (iii) Works in a particular state to which allotted; can also be sent on deputation to the centre. | (d) Central Services. |
| (iv) Works in Indian missions abroad. | (a) Indians Foreign Service. |
4. Identify the ministry which may have released the following news items.
Would this be a ministry of the Central Government or the State Government? Why?
(a) An official release said that in 2004-05 the Tamil Nadu Textbooks Corporation would release new versions for standards VII, X and XI.
Ans: Ministry of Human Resource Development or Education department, State Government. This is because the textbooks related to the education in a particular state are published by the government of that state.
(b) A new railway loop line bypassing the crowded Travelled section to help iron ore exporters. The new line, likely to be about 80 km long, will branch off at Puttur and then reach Athipattu near the port.
Ans: Ministry of Railways, Central Government. This is because the railway sector is an all India organisation that is managed by the central government.
(c) The three-member sub-divisional committee formed to verify suicide by farmers in Ramayampet Mandal has found that the two farmers who committed suicide this month have had economic problems due to failure of crops.
Ans: Ministry of Agriculture, State Government. This is because agriculture at the sub-divisional level is supervised by the agricultural department of the state government.
5. While appointing the Prime Minister, the President selects:
(a) Leader of the largest party in the Lok Sabha.
(b) Leader of the largest party in the alliance which secures a majority in the Lok Sabha.
(c) The leader of the largest party in the Rajya Sabha.
(d) Leader of the alliance or party that has the support of the majority in the Lok Sabha.
Ans: (d) The President appoints the leader of the combine or party that has the support of the majority in the Lok Sabha, as Prime Minister.
6. Read this discussion and say which of these statements applies most to India.
Alok: The Prime Minister is like a king, he decides everything in our country.
Shekhar: Prime Minister is only the first among equals, he does not have any special powers. All ministers and the PM have similar powers.
Bobby: Prime Minister has to consider the expectations of the party members and other supporters of the government. But after all the Prime Minister has a greater say in policy-making and in choosing the ministers.
Ans: The third statement or the statement Bobby applies most to India. The Prime Minister has to consider the expectations of the party members and other supporters of the government. But after all the Prime Minister has a greater say in policy-making and in selecting the ministers.
7. Why do you think is the advice of the Council of Ministers binding on the President? Give your answer in not more than 100 words.
Ans: The President of India is the head of the State. He exercises only nominal powers. He is not elected directly by the people. All the members of Parliament i.e. MPs and Members of State Legislative Assemblies i.e. MLAs elect him. A candidate standing for President’s post has to get a majority of votes to win the election. This ensures that the President can be seen to represent the entire nation. The President supervises the overall functioning of all the political institutions in the country so that they operate in harmony to achieve the objections of the State.
He exercises the following powers:
(i) All the governmental activities take place in the name of the President.
(ii) All laws and major policy decisions of the government are issued in his name.
(iii) All major appointments are made in the name of the President. These include the appointment of the Chief Justice of India, the Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts of the States, the Government of the States, the Election Commissioners, ambassadors to other countries, etc.
(iv) All international treaties and agreements are made in the name of the President.
(v) The President is the supreme commander of the defence forces of India. But the President exercises all these powers only on the advice of the Council of Ministers. The President can ask the Council of Ministers to reconsider its advice. But if the same advice is given again, he is bound to act according to it. In the same way, a bill passed by the Parliament becomes a law only after the President gives assent to it. If the President wants, he can delay this for some time and send the bill back to the Parliament for reconsideration. But if the Parliament passes the bill again, he has to sign it.
8. The parliamentary system of executive vests many powers in the legislature for controlling the executive. Why do you think it is so necessary to control the executive?
Ans: Parliamentary government is also known as responsible government. There exists a close relationship between the cabinet and the Legislature. All the members of the cabinet are the members of the Legislature. They have the right to attend the meetings of the legislature and are to answer questions put to them by the members of the Legislature. The cabinet is responsible to the Legislature. The responsibility of the cabinet means that so long as it enjoys the confidence of the legislature, it remains in power.
The Parliament controls the executive in the following ways:
(i) The Ministers are responsible to the Parliament for the actions and policies.
(ii) Through discussions, debates, questions,etc, the Parliament controls the ministers. ‘Question Hour ‘and ‘Zero Hour’ are another method to control the executive.
(iii) The members of Parliament by introducing ‘Adjournment Motions’ can invite the attention of the government to a serious problem or event.
(iv) The Lok Sabha can remove the cabinet by passing a vote of no confidence.
9. It is said that there is too much political interference in the working of the administrative machinery. It is suggested that there should be more and more autonomous agencies which do not have to answer to the ministers.
(a) Do you think this will make administration more people-friendly?
Ans: There is a lot of political interference in the working of the administrative machinery. This will not make administration more people-friendly as it would function arbitrarily and thus, lose accountability without checks and balances. It is the responsibility of the administrative machinery to faithfully and efficiently participate in drafting the policy and implementing them.
(b) Do you think this will make administra-tion more efficient?
Ans: If there would be autonomous agencies, it would make administration more efficient.Thus, it would lead to contradiction of the bureaucracy with the objectives of the government. Efficiency in this situation is not valid as social welfare would be compromised.
(c) Does democracy mean full control of elected representatives over the administration?
Ans: In Democracy does not mean full control of elected representatives over the administration. The task of elected representatives is to make laws and keep the administration accountable. Administration is a specialised task that is best handled by the administrative machinery. So democracy does not mean the full control of elected representatives over administration.
10. Write an essay of two hundred words on the proposal to have an elected administration instead of an appointed administration.
Ans: An elected administration in place of ati appointed administration would be harmful because an elected administration will have instability to implement the different policies whereas the appointed administration is selected on the basis of merit to handle the welfare policies of the government can be effectively handled. Hence, more administration is more efficient and capable to implement and perform the developmental functions. An appointed administration will also be able to perform the functions of planning and social welfare.
