NCERT Class 11 Knowledge Traditions and Practices of India Chapter 7 Introducing Āyurveda The Science of Health and Disease Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters NCERT Class 11 Knowledge Traditions and Practices of India Chapter 7 Introducing Āyurveda The Science of Health and Disease Notes and select need one. NCERT Class 11 Knowledge Traditions and Practices of India Chapter 7 Introducing Āyurveda The Science of Health and Disease Question Answers Download PDF. NCERT Knowledge Traditions and Practices of India Class 11 Solutions.
NCERT Class 11 Knowledge Traditions and Practices of India Chapter 7 Introducing Āyurveda The Science of Health and Disease
Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. CBSE Class 11 Knowledge Traditions and Practices of India Solutions are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NCERT Class 11 Knowledge Traditions and Practices of India Solutions. NCERT Class 11 Knowledge Traditions and Practices of India Chapter 7 Introducing Āyurveda The Science of Health and Disease Textbook Solutions for All Chapters, You can practice these here.
Introducing Āyurveda The Science of Health and Disease
Chapter: 7
| EXERCISE |
1. Explain about the manuṣya and mṛga Āyurveda.
Ans: Manuṣya Āyurveda As is evident from the table, rich medical literature was produced by the ayurvedic physicians of ancient period continuously consolidating and validating the knowledge based on millenia of astute clinical observations, documentation and logical inference. Today, as healthcare stakeholders are searching for a comprehensive understanding of health and disease management, Āyurveda with its systematic documentation is again in the spotlight.
Vṛkṣa Āyurveda explains the life-cycle of plants in addition to prevention and treatment of plant diseases. It discusses, among many other things, the origin of plant from seed, different parts of plants, their structure, functions and diseases afflicting them, rules of plantation, seasons ideal for plantation and harvesting, and ideal agricultural practices. Examples of the books on ayurvedic botany are Kṛṣi Parāśara by Parāśara and Vṛkṣa Āyurveda by Surapālā.Śālihotra, father of Veterinary Āyurveda, wrote Haya Āyurveda (translated into Persian Arabic, Tibetan and English), Śālihotra Saṁhitā a very early Indian treatise on veterinary medicine, Aśvapraśna Śāstram, Aśvalakṣaṇa Śāstram and Aśva Āyurveda. Pālakāpya wrote on Hasti Āyurveda and Gaja Śāstram. With this background information on the extensive literature in Āyurveda, let us move onto the science of Āyurveda, which has eight clinical specialities (Aśṭāṅga Āyurveda).
2. What are the eight branches of Āyurveda?
Ans: The eight branches of Ayurveda are mentioned below:
(i) Kāyachikitsā (General Medicine): This branch deals with the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of diseases affecting the body, focusing on internal medicine and therapeutic measures.
(ii) Shalyatantra (Surgery): Shalyatantra involves surgical procedures and treatments for injuries, abscesses, tumours, and other conditions requiring surgical intervention.
(iii) Shālākya Tantra (ENT and Ophthalmology): This branch focuses on diseases and treatments related to the ear, nose, throat, eyes, and head.
(iv)Kaumāra Bhritya (Pediatrics and Obstetrics): Kaumāra Bhritya addresses child health, prenatal and postnatal care, and the treatment of diseases in children.
(v) Agadatantra (Toxicology): Agadatantra deals with the study of poisons, toxins, and their antidotes, focusing on the treatment of poisoning from various sources, including plants, animals, and chemicals.
(vi) Bhūtavidyā (Psychiatry and Spiritual Healing): Bhūtavidyā encompasses the treatment of mental disorders and illnesses believed to be caused by supernatural forces or negative energies.
(vii) Rasāyanatantra (Rejuvenation Therapy): Rasāyanatantra focuses on promoting longevity, enhancing vitality, and preventing the effects of ageing through rejuvenation therapies and the use of herbal formulations.
(viii) Vājīkaraṇatantra (Aphrodisiac Therapy): This branch deals with reproductive health, sexual function, and the enhancement of fertility and vitality through the use of specific treatments and therapies
3. Explain the role of Vāta, Pitta and Kapha in maintenance of the biological cycle.
Ans: In addition to functions, VPK includes parameters which are biophysical, chemical and physiological in nature.
There are ten pairs of opposing properties (Viṁśatiguṇa) mentioned in Āyurveda:
(i) Cold (śi – ta) and hot (uṣṇa).
(ii) Heavy (guru) and light (laghu).
(iii) Slow/dull (manda) and sharp (ti – kṣṇa).
(iv) Oiliness (snigdha) and dryness (rukṣa).
(v) Immobility (sthira) and mobility (sara).
(vi) Soft (mṛdu) and hard (kaṭhina).
(vii) Smooth (ślakṣṇa) and rough (khara).
(viii) Adhesive/sticky (picchila) and non-slimy/non-adhesive (viśada).
(ix) Viscidity (sāndra) and diffusivity/fluidity (drava).
(x) Minuteness (sūkṣma) and gross (sthūla).
4. Name the Ayurvedic surgeon who is also acknowledged in modern surgery.
Ans: Surgeon is acknowledged even by present day surgeons for his surgical procedures of rhinoplasty and otoplasty. Yet, Āyurveda is based on principles that go beyond the purely mechanical view, i.e., a vision of wholeness, functional interdependence and integration. The hypothesis of interrelatedness finds practical expression in Āyurveda through a number of concepts, theories and parameters, which are beyond the scope of this chapter to be elaborated. However, some of these concepts are—pañcamahābhūta (fundamental elements of the physical world), srotas (channels connecting the entire human system at the gross and subtle levels), ojas (responsible for overall vitality, energy, immunity and strength), tridoṣa (psychophysiological factors), sapta dhātu (structural components of the body), trimala (by-products of metabolism), triguṇa (components of the mind and consciousness), agni (entity responsible for all digestive and metabolic processes), prakṛti (bio-psychological constitution) and the tenet that common principles underlie the microcosm (individual) and macrocosm (universe).
5. What is tridoṣa theory?
Ans: The Tridosha theory is a central concept in Ayurvedic medicine and embodies a view of health that is both simple and profound. It posits that all bodily functions are governed by three fundamental energies: Vata (air and space), Pitta (fire and water), and Kapha (water and earth).
6. What are the Ayurvedic approaches for diet and nutrition?
Ans: Āyurveda is, in fact, a melting pot of a number of disciplines, a proof that knowledge was not compartmentalised in ancient India. Āyurveda is associated with and draws not only from darśana but from other wide-ranging subjects. For example, vṛkṣa and mṛga āyurveda, metallurgy (for surgical instruments), civil engineering and architecture (construction of hospitals and pharmacies), chemistry (Rasa Śāstra), astronomy, ethics, water management, mathematics (calculations, units of measurements, weights and measures, concept of time, etc.), culinary science, pharmacology, diet, nutrition and agriculture. All these form the basic sciences that have given rise to Āyurveda’s theoretical framework, under which it has put together an enormous body of observational data accumulated and documented through centuries (Table 1). Using these, Āyurveda has developed its own methodologies to diagnose and treat diseases. These well developed theories and practices form the backbone of ayurvedic approach to health and disease. Āyurveda’s unbroken chain of experience indicates that its theories and therapies have been tested by thousands of physicians on millions of patients and have stood the test of time.
7. Name some Ayurvedic texts written in B.C. and A.D?
Ans: Sushrut Samhita available today has been completed in four steps. Vriddha Sushrut, a student of Lord Dhanvantari himself has scripted ‘Sushrut-tantra’ around the period of 2000 B.C. The second revision was done by Aacharya Sushrut in 200 A.D.
