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NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 12 Lifelines of National Economy
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Lifelines of National Economy
Chapter – 12
CONTEMPORARY INDIA – II (GEOGRAPHY)
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Multiple choice questions:
(i) Which two of the following extreme locations are connected by the east-west corridor?
(a) Mumbai and Nagpur.
(b) Silcher and Porbandar.
(c) Mumbai and Kolkata.
(d) Nagpur and Siligudi.
Answer: (b) Silcher and Porbandar.
(ii) Which mode of transportation reduces trans-shipment losses and delays?
(a) Railways.
(b) Roadways.
(c) Pipeline.
(d) Waterways.
Answer: (c) Pipeline.
(iii) Which one of the following states is not connected with the H.B.J. pipeline?
(a) Madhya Pradesh.
(b) Maharashtra.
(c) Gujarat.
(d) Uttar Pradesh.
Answer: (b) Maharashtra.
(iv) Which one of the following ports is the deepest land-locked and well-protected port along the east coast?
(a) Chennai.
(b) Paradip.
(c) Tuticorin.
(d) Visakhapatnam.
Answer: (d) Visakhapatnam.
(v) Which one of the following is the most important mode of transportation in India?
(a) Pipeline.
(b) Railways.
(c) Roadways.
(d) Airways.
Answer: (b) Railways.
(vi) Which one of the following terms is used to describe trade between two or more countries:
(a) Internal trade.
(b) International trade.
(c) External trade.
(d) Local trade.
Answer: (b) International trade.
Q. 2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i) State any three merits of roadways.
Answer: Three merits of roadways are:
1. Cost of construction is low: Construction of roads is lower than that of railway line.
2. Flexible: Roads as means of transport are very flexible. With their help, one can carry goods from the door of seller to buyer.
3. Importance in hilly areas: In the hilly areas such as in Kashmir or Himachal Pradesh where there is railway available in very limited areas, the road transport assumes a great importance on its own.
4. Easy to construct and maintain: Roads are easy to construct and easy to maintain.
(ii) Where and why is rail transport the Most convenient means of transportation?
Answer: Where: Railway transport is the most convenient means of transportation in plains.
Why:
(i) Railways is the cheapest principal mode of transportation for goods and passengers in India.
(ii) Railways conduct multifarious activities like business, sight-seeing, pilgrimage and transportation of goods over longer distances.
(iii) Indian Railways have been a great integrating force for more than 150 years.
(iv) Railways in India accelerate the development of the industry and agriculture, economy.
(v) Contribution of railways to gross national income is greater than any other mode of transportation.
(iii) What is the significance of the border roads?
Answer: Significance of border roads:
(i) These are very important for strategic points of view in the north eastern border areas of our country.
(ii) These roads have increased accessibility in areas of difficult terrain.
(iii) These roads have helped in the economic development of northern and north eastern areas of India.
(iv) What is meant by trade? What is the difference between international and local trade?
Answer: I. Meaning of trade: The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade.
II. Differences: Trade between two countries is called international trade while trade between two places within a country is called local trade. This trade is carried on in cities, towns and villages.
Q. 3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words:
(i) Why are the means of transportation and communication called the lifelines of a nation and its economy?
Answer: Means of transport: The different types of transport that are used to carry passengers and goods or cargo from one place to another are called the means of transport. For example-Railways, buses, ships, steamers, trucks, aeroplanes, car etc.
Means of communication: The word meaning of term ‘communication’ is sending messages from one place to another. For example-radio, television, telephone, telegraph and different types of postal services are the different means of communication.
Some means of communication are called the means of mass communication. Such as Radio and Television.
Means of transport and communication as the lifelines of a country: The different modes of transport (such as road, railways, rivers, coastal waterways and airways) are means of communication (such as Post and Telegraph services, telephone and wireless) are rightly called the lifelines of a country because of the following reasons:
(i) Development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services and their transportation to places where these are consumed.
(ii) These means save time and money.
(iii) These make possible interaction between traders and manufacturer of a location, province, nation and people abroad.
(iv) With the pace of development in science and technology, human needs are now varied and numerous. These can be catered to by quick means of transport and communication.
(v) Goods are manufactured in industries set-up different regions as per availability of raw material, man-power and machines therefore, these can be sent to distant markets through the means of transportation.
(vi) Global trade can be carried on in the presence of means of communication and transportation.
(vii) In war times, their importance can hardly be emphasized. They bring the whole country at the back of the armed forces and facilitate the movement of arms, ammunition and other supplies.
(viii) Means of transport and communication also help the government to maintain law and order.
(ii) Write a note on the changing nature of international trade in the last fifteen years.
Answer: (a) In the 1990’s, India’s main items of export were only agricultural products. But India has recorded high growth in the export of services in few decades. India has emerged as a software giant at the international level.
(b) Tourism in India has grown over the last two decades. Foreign tourist’s arrivals in the country witnessed an increase of 23.5%.
(c) India has also exported manufactured goods to other countries during the last fifty years.
(d) We are having increasing trade relations with USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, Russia, Europe and oil producing countries rather than with Great Britain.
(e) India’s trade relations with the SAARC countries will soon increase.
(f) China has emerged as India’s main trading partner after the US and UAE.
Quiz Drive
Q. 1. Northern terminal of the north south corridor.
Answer: Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir).
Q. 2. The name of National Highway No. 2.
Answer: Golden Quadrilateral.
Q. 3. The headquarter of the southern railway zone.
Answer: Chennai.
Q. 4. The rail gauge with a track width of 1.667 m.
Answer: Broad gauge.
Q. 5. The southern terminal of the National Highway No. 7.
Answer: Kanyakumari.
Q. 6. A riverine port.
Answer: Kolkata.
Q. 7. Busiest railway junction in northern India.
Answer: New Delhi.
ACTIVITY
Start your search vertically, horizontally or diagonally and reach various destinations across the country.
Answer:
1. Srinagar.
2. ShershahSuri Marg.
3. Mughal Sarai.
4. Chennai.
5. Broad gauge.
6. Kanyakumari.
7. Kolkata.
8. New Delhi.