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NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 13 Power Sharing
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Power Sharing
Chapter – 13
DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL – II (POLITICAL SCIENCE)
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
Q. 1. What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.
Answer: Different Forms of Power Sharing in Modern Democracies:
These are:
(i) Power sharing as existed in different organs of government.
(ii) Power sharing seen at different levels of government.
(iii) Power sharing seen at different social groups.
(iv) The so-called power sharing among different political parties, pressure groups and movements viz.
I. Power Sharing among different organs of the government:
(i) Legislature: Power sharing to keep echo of each letter in the constitution reverberating, to investigate cause and effect in a comprehensive way and make laws always prudent and sustainable.
(ii) Executive: To handle smooth adminis-tration, the least manifested in corruption, causing malevolence, malafides incidents and a common peaceful and coherent milieu-made for the observers (children of the country) to always have a sustainable, real, substantiated and examined rational mind.
Introspection and reforms brought out from the cause created by both head and heart (pruning, grading, shocking, hurting power application). It’s a complete process of self-realization through introspection at which concentration needn’t partition-yet it can be realized.
(iii) Judiciary: Monitoring authority on effects of causes formed in the form of laws of the land by Legislature and executed by the Executive. It monitors, enquires and investi-gates mala fides, malevolence and then sets punishment for the person/state/nation.
II. Power sharing among governments at different levels:
Levels: (a) Centre, (b) State, (c) Local self-government popularly known as Panchayati Raj formed of three tiers-Village Panchayat/Town Committee, Panchayat Samiti (at Block Level) and Zila Parishad. In urban areas local government agencies are called corporations, municipal committees etc.
III. Power-sharing among different social groups: All kinds of associations of persons, body of persons, linguistic and religious groups. e.g., Community Government in Belgium.
IV. Power sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements:
(a) Political Parties: Coalition govern-ments like, N.D.A., U.P.A., etc. (NDA led by Bharatiya Janata Party and UPA led by the Indian National Congress).
(b) Pressure Groups: All trade unions, trading organizers, charitable organizations, regional organizations.
(c) Movements: Manifestation of public-jury through democratic manners like sloganeering, demonstration, procession and representation to ministries varied ways.
Q. 2. State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context.
Answer: (i) Prudential reason:
(a) Power sharing helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Majority community does not impose its will over others. Power sharing brings out better outcomes.
(b) It is a good way to ensure political stability in the country. For example in India, Hindi has not been imposed on the southern states. On the other hand, imposing the will of the majority community undermines the unity of the nation as has happened in Sri Lanka.
(ii) Moral reason:
(a) In democracy, power sharing is necessary. Since all the people are affected by the policies of the government, they should be consulted in the governance of the country.
(b) People should be allowed to participate in the decision making process. It is the basis of democracy. In India, reservation of seats for SCs and ST’s in state assemblies and parliament is an example of moral reasoning.
Q. 3. After reading this chapter, three students drew different conclusions. Which one of these do you agree with and why? Give your reasons in about 50 words.
Thomman: Power sharing is necessary only in societies which have religious, linguistic or ethnic divisions.
Mathayi: Power sharing is suitable only for big countries that have regional divisions.
Ouseph: Every society needs some form of power sharing even if it is small or does not have social divisions.
Answer: I think the conclusion drawn by Ouseph is correct. Every society needs some form of power sharing even if it is small or does not have social divisions. Power sharing leads to efficiency. In a democracy like ours, all the people must be consulted directly or indirectly. If power is shared, then there will be less conflicts over laws or policies of the government. People will feel that they are also a party to the decision making process and other activities of the government.
Q. 4. The mayor of Merchtem, a town near Brussels in Belgium, has defended a ban on speaking French in the town’s schools. He said that the ban would help all non-Dutch speakers integrate in this Flemish town. Do you think that this measure is in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power sharing arrangements? Give your reasons in about 50 words.
Answer: It was in the facts and circumstances of the issue/case, a biased protective, cryptic way worded, a sausage, unintentional violation to freedom of expression and a cryptic plan to mind-wash. His regional and language attachment or gum of self-interest or partitioned interest is all apparent because he is from French speaking region, his body is duly settled in town (Merchtem) where he is ascended to the Mayor position/honor, but his rift-creating attitude between French and Dutch speaking people has been approved by his subsequent words “the ban would help all non-Dutch speakers in this Flemish town”. Its malefic defense is rebuttable at the first instance.
Q. 5. Read the following passage and pick out any one of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this.
“We need to give more power to the panchayats to realize the dream of Mahatma Gandhi and the hopes of the makers of our Constitution. Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy in the hands of the people. Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen. Thus Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy.”
Answer: People’s participation straightway in plans, schemes, programmes for their common good is democratic process, using capital, labor and enterprise at their optimum levels. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. Definitely Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy.
Q. 6. Different arguments are usually put forth in favor and against power sharing. Identify those which are in favor of power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below. Power sharing:
(A) Reduces conflict among different communities.
(B) Decreases the possibility of arbitrariness.
(C) Delays decision-making process.
(D) Accommodates diversities.
(E) Increases instability and divisiveness.
(F) Promotes people’s participation in the government.
(G) Undermines the unity of a country.
| (a) | A | B | D | F |
| (b) | A | C | E | F |
| (c) | A | B | D | G |
| (d) | B | C | D | G |
Answer: In favor of “Power Sharing” Code (a) – A, B, D, F.
Q. 7. Consider the following statements about power sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri Lanka.
(A) In Belgium the Dutch-speaking majority people tried to impose their domination on the minority French-speaking community.
(B) In Sri Lanka, the policies of the government sought to ensure the dominance of the Sinhala-speaking majority.
(C) The Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power sharing to protect their culture, language and equality of opportunity in education and jobs.
(D) The transformation of Belgium from unitary government to a federal one prevented a possible division of the country on linguistic lines.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A, B, C and D.
(b) A, B and D.
(c) C and D.
(d) B,C and D.
Ans: (a) A, B and D.
Q. 8. Match list I (forms of power sharing) with list II (forms of government) and select the correct answer using the codes given below in the lists:
| List I | List II |
| 1. Power shared among different organs of government. | (A) Community government. |
| 2. Power shared among governments at different levels. | (B) Separation of powers. |
| 3. Power shared by different social groups. | (C) Coalition government. |
| 4. Power shared by two or more political parties. | (D) Federal government. |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| (a) | D | A | B | D |
| (b) | B | C | D | A |
| (c) | B | D | A | C |
| (d) | C | D | A | B |
Answer: (c) B, D, A, C is correct answer.
Q. 9. Consider the following two statements on power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below:
(A) Power sharing is good for democracy.
(B) It helps reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
Which of these statements are true and false?
(a) A is true but B is false.
(b) Both A and B are true.
(c) Both A and B are false.
(d) A is false but B is true.
Answer: (b) Both A and B are true.