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NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 11 Manufacturing Industries
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Manufacturing Industries
Chapter – 11
CONTEMPORARY INDIA – II (GEOGRAPHY)
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Multiple choice questions:
(i) Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material?
(a) Aluminum.
(b) Cement.
(c) Sugar.
(d) Jute.
Answer: (b) Cement.
(ii) Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants?
(a) HAIL.
(b) SAIL.
(c) TATA Steel.
(d) MNCC.
Answer: (b) SAIL.
(iii) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminum.
(b) Cement.
(c) Jute.
(d) Steel.
Answer: (a) Aluminium.
(iv) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computers, etc.?
(a) Steel.
(b) Aluminum.
(c) Electronic.
(d) Information Technology.
Answer: (c) Electronic.
Q. 2. Answer the following questions in not more than 30 words:
(i) What is manufacturing?
Answer: Production of goods in large quantities enhanced after processing from raw materials to valuable products is called manufacturing. For instance, paper is manufactured from wood, sugar from sugarcane, iron and steel from iron- ore and aluminum from bauxite.
(ii) Name any three physical factors for the location of an industry.
Answer: (i) Availability of raw material.
(ii) Power resources.
(iii) Suitable Man Power.
(iii) Name any three human factors for the location of an industry.
Answer: (i) Labour.
(ii) Capital.
(iii) Transport and communication facilities.
(iv) What are basic industries? Give an example.
Answer: Basic or key industries supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods.
Examples: Iron and steel, copper smelting aluminum smelting industries.
(v) Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement.
Answer: (i) Limestone.
(ii) Silica.
(iii) Alumina.
(iv) Gypsum.
Q. 3. Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words:
(i) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? What problems does the industry face? What recent developments have led to a rise in the production capacity?
Answer: I. Differences between integrated steel plants and mini steel plants: Mini steel plants are smaller, while the integrated plants are very big. Integrated steel plants handle everything within one root. They put together raw material for steelmaking, rolling and shaping.
Integrated steel plants are very big units of the steel industry. They work as basic industrial units for all the other industries allied to iron and steel such as heavy, medium and light. They depend on integrated iron and steel plants for their machinery. On the other hand, mini steel plants manufacture one or two specific items. Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defense, medical, telephonic and scientific equipment. A variety of consumer goods also get raw material from integrated iron and steel plants.
Mini steel plants provide raw material to other small scale steel industries. Mini steel plants have electric furnaces, use steel scrap and pig iron. They have re-rollers that use steel ingots as well. They produce mild and alloy steel of standard specification.
II. The following problems are being faced by the iron and steel industry:
(i) The industry has to incur heavy transportation costs. It is a heavy industry as its raw materials as well as finished goods are heavy and bulky.
(ii) This industry requires a very efficient transport network for distribution of its finished product in the markets and among consumers.
(iii) In India per capita consumption of steel is only 32 kg.
(iv) The industry is not efficient to perform to our potential largely due to:
(a) High costs and limited availability of coking coal.
(b) Lower productivity of labor.
(c) High cost energy. and
(d) Lack of adequate infrastructure.
III. Recent Developments: Liberalization-Policy and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) have led to a rise in the production capacity of the steel industry. Efforts of private entrepreneurs have given a boost to the industry. There is a need to allocate resources for research and development to produce steel more economically.
(ii) How do industries pollute the environment? Explain with example.
Or
How does industries cause environment pollution? Explain.
Answer: Industries have increased pollution and degraded the environment. Industries create several types of pollution as explained given below:
(i) Water Pollution: Industrial effluents, both organic and inorganic are discharged into rivers. Coal dyes, soaps pesticides, fertilizers are some common pollutants of water. They pollute the water.
(ii) Air Pollution: The smoke emitted by the industries pollutes air and water badly. The smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick-kilns, refineries and smelting plants. The burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories is a great cause of air pollution.
(iii) Noise Pollution: Industrial and construction activities, machinery factory equipment, generators etc. make a lot of noise which have a bad effect on human health.
(iv) Thermal Pollution: This pollution is caused by thermal plants. Wastes from nuclear and thermal power plants cause. Cancers, birth defects and miscarriages. Dumping of thermal wastes makes soil useless.
(iii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimize environmental degradation by industry.
Or
Suggest any three steps to minimize the environmental degradation caused by the industrial development in India.
Answer: The following steps should be taken to minimize environmental degradation by the industry:
(i) Minimizing use of water by reusing and recycling in two or more successive stages.
(ii) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
(iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds which can be done at three phases-
(a) Primary treatment by mechanical means, e.g. screening, grinding, fermentation and sedimentation.
(b) Secondary treatment by biological process.
(c) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of waste water.
(iv) Over exploitation of water to be prohibited by legal framework.
(v) Ensuring use of smokestacks with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and internal separators.
(vi) Use of oil or gas in factories instead of coal.
(vii) Use of silencers fitted with machinery and equipment that cause noise pollution. Earplugs and earphones to be given to workers.
ACTIVITY
Q. 1. Give one word for each of the following with regard to industry. The number of letters in each word are hinted at in brackets.
| (i) Used to drive machinery | 5. P __________ |
| (ii) People who work in a factory | 6. W __________ |
| (iii) Where the product is sold | 6. M __________ |
| (iv) A person who sells goods | 8. R __________ |
| (v) Thing produced | 7. P __________ |
| (vi) To make or produce | 11. M __________ |
| (vii) Land, water and air degraded | 9. P __________ |
Answer: (i) Petrol.
(ii) Worker.
(iii) Market.
(iv) Retailer.
(v) Product.
(vi) Manufacturing.
(vii) Pollution.
Q. 2. Solve the puzzle by the following search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden answers.
1. Textiles, sugar, vegetable oil and plantation industries deriving raw materials from agriculture are called….
2. The basic raw material for the sugar industry.
3. This fiber is also known as the ‘Golden Fiber’.
4. Iron-ore, coking coal and limestone are the chief raw materials of this industry.
5. A public sector steel plant located in Chhattisgarh.
6. Railway diesel engines are manufactured in Uttar Pradesh at this place.
Answer:
1. Agrobased.
2. Sugarcane.
3. Jute.
4. Iron and steel.
5. Bhilai.
6. Varanasi.