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NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 10 Minerals and Energy Resources
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Minerals and Energy Resources
Chapter – 10
CONTEMPORARY INDIA – II (GEOGRAPHY)
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Multiple choice questions:
(i) Which one of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material?
(a) Coal.
(b) Bauxite.
(c) Gold.
(d) Zine.
Answer: (b) Bauxite.
(ii) Koderma, in Jharkhand is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals?
(a) Bauxite.
(b) Mica.
(c) Iron-ore.
(d) Copper.
Answer: (b) Mica.
(iii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of which of the following rocks?
(a) Sedimentary rocks.
(b) Metamorphic rocks.
(c) Igneous rocks.
(d) None of the above.
Answer: (a) Sedimentary rocks.
(iv) Which one of the following minerals is contained in the monazite sand?
(a) Oil.
(b) Uranium.
(c) Thorium.
(d) Coal.
Answer: (c) Thorium.
Q. 2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i) Distinguish between the following in not more than 30 words.
(a) Ferrous and Non-ferrous minerals.
Or
Differentiate between Ferrous minerals and Non ferrous minerals with examples.
Answer:
| Ferrous Minerals | Non-ferrous Minerals |
| 1. These minerals have high iron content. | 1. These minerals do not have any iron content. |
| 2. India is rich in ferrous minerals. | 2. India is deficient in non-ferrous minerals. |
| 3. Iron ore and manga-nese are important ferrous minerals. | 3. Bauxite, lead, zinc, copper are some important non-ferrous minerals. |
(b) Conventional and non-Conventional sources of energy.
Answer:
| Conventional sources of energy | Non-conventional sources of energy |
| 1. Fire wood, cattle dung Cake, petroleum, coal, natural gas and hydro-electricity are known as con-ventional sources of energy. | 1. Non-conventional sources of energy are wind, tidal, solar, geo-thermal, biogas and atomic energy. |
| 2. Except hydro-electri-city these sources of energy are not renewable. | 2. All these sources are renewable and they are inexhaustible. |
| 3. They cause pollution when used, as they emit smoke and ash. | 3. They are generally pollution-free. |
(ii) What is a mineral?
Answer: Geologists define mineral as a “homogeneous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure.” Rocks are the treasure of minerals. Minerals are found in varied forms in nature, ranging from the hardest diamond to the softest talc.
(iii) How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Answer: In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints due to chemical reactions inside these rocks.
(iv) Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?
Answer: We need to conserve mineral resources due to following reasons:
(i) These are non-renewable resources and their stock is limited.
(ii) Mining minerals is a costly affair.
(iii) Geological process of mineral formation is the slowest process in millions of years.
(iv) These are of vital need for human lives and developmental activities.
(v) As per geologists, stocks of minerals are depleting with a faster speed.
Q. 3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words:
(i) Describe the distribution of coal in India.
Answer: (a) India’s coal fields (nearly 75%) are located in the north-eastern part of the southern peninsula. It mainly lie in the Damodar river valley region (Jharkhand and West Bengal), Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.
(b) Coal deposits also occur in some other river valleys such as Mahanadi, Godavari, Son, Tawa, Wardha etc. The states such as Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Assam and Uttar Pradesh also have notable coal reserves.
(c) Some important coal fields of India are- Raniganj, Jharia, Karanpura, Chandrapura, Giridih, Deogarh, Rajmahal, Ramgarh, Korba, Singrauli, Talcher, Singreni, Chanda.
(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
Answer: Solar energy has a bright future in India because-
(a) India is a tropical country, therefore, it Needs sunlight in abundance throughout the year.
(b) Solar plants can be easily established in rural and remote areas.
(c) It will minimize the dependence of rural households on firewood and dung cakes which in turn will contribute to environmental conservation and adequate supply of manure in agriculture.
ACTIVITY
Fill the name of the correct mineral in the crossword below:
Across:
1. A ferrous mineral (9)
2. Raw material for cement industry (9)
3. Finest iron-ore with magnetic properties (9)
4. Highest quality hard coal (10)
5. Aluminum is obtained from this ore (7)
6. Khetri mines are famous for this mineral (6)
7. Formed due to evaporation (6)
Down:
1. Found in placer deposit (4)
2. Iron-ore mined in Bailadila (8)
3. Indispensable for electrical industry (4)
4. Geological Age of coal found in north east India (8)
5. Formed in veins and lodes (3)
Answer:
Across: 1. Manganese.
2. Limestone.
3. Magnetite.
4. Anthracite.
5. Bauxite.
6. Copper.
7. Gypsum.
Down:
1. Gold.
2. Hematite.
3. Mica.
4. Tertiary.
5. Tin.