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NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 9 Agriculture
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Agriculture
Chapter – 9
CONTEMPORARY INDIA – II (GEOGRAPHY)
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Multiple choice questions:
(i) Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?
(a) Shifting Agriculture Agriculture.
(b) Plantation.
(c) Horticulture.
(d) Intensive Agriculture.
Answer: (b) Plantation Agriculture.
(ii) Which one of the following is a rabi crops?
(a) Rice.
(b) Gram.
(c) Millets.
(d) Cotton.
Answer: (b) Gram.
(iii) Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?
(a) Pulses.
(b) Jowar.
(c) Millets.
(d) Sesamum.
Answer: (a) Pulses.
(iv) Which one of the following is announced by the government in support of a crop?
(a) Maximum support price.
(b) Minimum support price.
(c) Moderate support price.
(d) Influential support price.
Answer: (b) Minimum support price.
Q. 2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i) Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.
Answer: Tea is an important beverage crop introduced in India initially by the British.
Geographical Conditions:
(i) The tea plant grows well in tropical and subtropical climates endowed with deep and fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter.
(ii) Tea bushės require warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year. Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous growth of tender leaves.
(ii) Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.
Answer: Name of Staple Crop: Cotton is a very important staple crop of India.
States: Major cotton producing states are-Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
(iii) Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.
Or
Explain any four institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.
Ans. (i) Oilseed Development Programme.
(ii) National Pulse Development Project.
(iii) Accelerated Maize Development Programme.
(iv) Post-Harvest Technology.
(v) Oil Palm Development Programme.
(vi) Crop Production Programme.
(vii) Special Jute Development Programme.
(viii) Intensive Cotton Development Programme.
(ix) National Agriculture Technology Project (Rainfed agro-ecosystem programme).
(x) Grameen banks, Cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers to lower rates of interest.
(iv) The land under cultivation has got reduced day-by-day. Can you imagine its consequences?
Answer: Consequences of reduction of agricultural land: Consequences of reduction of the land under cultivation day-by-day are the following:
(i) Food problem: India may go from food surplus to deficit.
(ii) Shortage of raw material: India may face food problems and even problems with some raw materials for agriculture based industries.
(iii) Forced to import foodgrains: India will be forced to import certain agricultural items from other countries. She will have to pay an invaluable foreign exchange.
(iv) Poverty: The poor farmers will become poorer. They will be forced to take loan from other people, banks or government agencies.
(v) Rise in prices: There will be a sharp rise in prices of the agricultural articles, produced grains and crops.
Q. 3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words:
(i) Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.
Or
Describe any five steps taken by the government to increase agricultural production (surplus).
Answer: Foundation of ICAR: Government has established Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) to modernize agriculture. This council takes very useful and precise worthy research work in the field of agriculture.
(ii) Initiation of useful services: Agricultural universities, veterinary services and animal breeding centers, horticulture development, research and development in the Seid of meteorology and weather forecast, etc., were given top priority to improve Indian agriculture. Apart from this, improving the rural infrastructure was also considered essential for the same.
(iii) Role of FCI: The Food Corporation of India (FCI) procures food grains from the farmers at the government announced minimum support price (MSP). Government used to provide subsidies on agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, power and water.
(iv) Investment: The government is taking essential measures to make investment in vital agriculture infrastructure, credit linkage and encouraging the farmers to use latest techniques in the field of agriculture to increase production.
(v) Revolutions: Due to praiseworthy steps of government three revolutions have taken place. These are the Green Revolution, the White Revolution and the Blue Revolution.
(ii) How did the partition of the country in 1947 affect the jute industry?
Answer: The partition of India in 1947 and its effects on the Jute Industry of the country.
1. India was divided on 14th-15th August, 1947 into two parts India and Pakistan. Most of the jute industry units were located in West Bengal (India), but due to partition most of the jute growing area went to East Pakistan (since 1971 it became Bangladesh. Now-a-days it is called Bangladesh). This led to shortage of raw jute. As a result India had to spend a lot of foreign exchange to buy raw jute.
2. From August 1947 to 1971 Pakistan was giving stiff competition to India. The place of Pakistan was taken by Bangladesh in 1971. Now-a-day India stands at the second highest place as an exporter after Bangladesh. It is also due to the partition of the country.
(iii) Describe the impact of globalization on Indian agriculture.
Answer: (i) World Market: India is an important producer of rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee, jute and spices but these cannot make a niche (proper place) for them in the international market. It is because developed countries are growing these crops at less cost than India.
(ii) The Green Revolution: India is on a path to invent hybrid varieties of seeds through genetic engineering. The green revolution is the latest development. It will also benefit the Indian farmers by raising agricultural productivity.
(iii) Lesser import: Export of major agricultural commodities have been liberalized. India’s import in foodgrains and other primary goods is receding day-to-day.
(iv) Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.
Or
Discuss the climatic suitability for rice cultivation.
Answer: Geographical conditions required for the growth of rice are:
(a) Temperature: It is a kharif crop which requires high temperature and high humidity. The mean monthly temperature of about 25°C or above it with minor variation during the sowing, growing and harvesting season is suitable for the growth of the plant.
(b) Rainfall: Rice needs abundant rainfall, i.e., more than 100 cm. It can grow in areas with less rainfall, but with assured irrigation. Rice is grown in Punjab and Haryana with the help of irrigation.
(c) Soil: Rice can grow in a variety of soils including silts, loams and gravels, but it is grown best in alluvial soil with a sub-soil of impervious clay.