Class 12 Biology Important Chapter 9 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

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Class 12 Biology Important Chapter 9 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

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Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Chapter: 9

IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER

Answer the Following Question: 

1. What is the primary objective of plant breeding?

Ans: To develop crops with higher yield, better quality, and disease resistance.

2. Which species of honeybee is most commonly used in India for apiculture?

Ans: Apis cerana.

3. Which variety of wheat was developed using mutation breeding?

Ans: Sharbati Sonora.

4. What is the main goal of biofortification?

Ans: To enhance the nutritional content of crops, such as increasing vitamins and minerals.

5. What are the main objectives of animal husbandry?

Ans: The main objectives of animal husbandry are to:

(i) Improve the productivity of animals (milk, meat, eggs, wool, etc.)

(ii) Enhance disease resistance and the overall health of livestock.

(iii) Select high-yielding breeds for better quality production.

(iv) Improve the welfare and care of animals, including proper feeding, housing, and disease management.

6. What is artificial insemination, and how does it help improve livestock breeding?

Ans: Artificial insemination (AI) is the process of collecting semen from a superior male animal and introducing it into the reproductive tract of a selected female.

(i) It helps in improving genetic quality by using superior males from distant locations.

(ii) AI reduces the risk of diseases and allows breeders to use high-quality genetics from animals worldwide.

(iii) It increases genetic diversity in livestock populations and improves productivity.

7. What is the role of tissue culture in the production of virus-free plants?

Ans: Tissue culture helps in the production of virus-free plants by using the meristem (apical and axillary tips), which are free from viral infections.

(i) The infected plant’s meristem is cultured in vitro, and virus-free plants are regenerated.

(ii) This is useful in crops like banana, potato, sugarcane, which are often infected by viruses in the field.

8. What is mutation breeding, and how is it used in crop improvement?

Ans: Mutation breeding involves exposing seeds to radiation or chemicals to induce genetic mutations, followed by selection of desirable traits.

It helps in creating new traits like disease resistance, higher yield, or better quality.

Example: Sharbati Sonora (a high-yielding wheat variety) was developed using mutation breeding.

9. What is apiculture? Explain its economic importance.

Ans: Apiculture refers to the practice of bee-keeping for the production of honey and beeswax.

(i) Honey is a valuable food product rich in nutrients and has medicinal properties.

(ii) Beeswax is used in various industries, including cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

(iii) Economic Importance: Apiculture provides an income source for farmers and is essential for pollination, increasing crop yields in nearby fields.

10. How do totipotency help in plant propagation and improvement?

Ans: The capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell oblique explant is propagation of a large number of plants is very short duration. Another important application of this method is the recovery of two different varieties of plants each having a desirable character can be fused to get hybrid protoplasts, which can be further green to form a new plant.