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Class 12 AHSEC 2020 Banking Question Paper Solved English Medium
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BANKING
2020
BANKING OLD QUESTION PAPER SOLVED
1. (a) Bank of Bombay was established in the year 1809/1843/1840.
Ans: 1840
(b) How many local boards assist the Central Board of RBI?
Ans: 4 (Four). Four local boards located at Kolkata, Mumbai, New Delhi and Chennai.
(c) Write the full form of IFCI.
Ans: Industrial Finance Corporation of India
(d) What is meant by Non-Banking Financial Institution?
Ans: Nonbanking financial institution. Anonbank financial institution (NBFI) is a financial institution that does not have a full banking license and cannot accept deposits from the public.
(e) Asian Development Bank gives foreign currency loans. (State True or False)
Ans: True
(f) In case of Bill of Exchange, the order must be conditional. (State True or False)
Ans: False, Unconditional
(g) What is the main difference between ‘Scheduled Bank & Non-Scheduled’ Bank?
Ans: Scheduled banks refer to those banking institutions whose names are included in the Second Schedule of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
Non-Scheduled banks refer to those banking institutions, whose names do not appear in the Second Schedule of the RBI Act, 1934.
(h) What is the meaning of marking of a cheque?
Ans: Marking of a cheque is the writing on a cheque by the drawee banker which indicates that it would be honoured when it is duly presented for payment.
2. How does commercial bank help in execution of Monetary Policy?
Ans: Commercial bank help in execution of monetary policy by maintaining CRR and SLR. They also follow the RBI guidelines for granting loans and advances.
3. Give the meaning of Endorsement.
Ans: Endorsements are a form of advertising that uses famous personalities or celebrities who command a high degree of recognition, trust, respect or awareness amongst the people. Such people advertise for a product lending their names or images to promote a product or service.
4. What is meant by Cash Credit?
Ans: Cash credit is referred to as short-term funding or loan for a company so that it can meet its working capital requirements. Cash credit is a sort of loan that is offered to businesses by financial institutions like banks.
5. Write a note on RBI’s role in Bank Inspection.
Ans: Inspection of Bank is done by Officers of Reserve Bank of India as per Banking Regulation Act 1949 and some other laws of Government of India.
The main job of the Inspecting Officers of RBI is to check the Authenticity of the Audit Report. They also carry some extra work other than carried out by CAs.
6. What is meant by SENSEX? How many stocks are included in SENSEX?
Ans: Sensex: The term Sensex refers to the benchmark index of the BSE in India.
The 30 constituent companies which are some of the largest and most actively traded stocks, are representative of various industrial sectors of the Indian economy.
7. Write three objectives of nationalization of banks in India.
Objectives of Nationalization:
(a) Preventing concentration of economic powers in the hands of few.
(b) Provide banking facilities in rural areas.
(c) Mobilization of savings of rural areas.
8. What are meant by Cash Reserve Ratio and Statutory Liquidity Ratio?
Ans: The Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is the percentage of total deposits a bank must have in cash to operate risk-free. The Reserve Bank of India decides the amount and is kept with them for financial security. The bank cannot use this amount for lending and investment purposes and does not get any interest from the RBI.
Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) is the minimum percentage of deposits that a commercial bank has to maintain in the form of liquid cash, gold or other securities. It is basically the reserve requirement that banks are expected to keep before offering credit to customers.
9. Write about three types of Non-Banking Financial Institutions.
Ans:
1. Insurance Companies: Collect money from the public through the sale of insurance policies. There are two types of Insurance – Life Insurance and General Insurance
2. Venture Capital Firms: They provide finance and technical assistance to firms which undertake a business project based on innovative ventures. They provide finance for the commercial application of new technology
3. Merchant banks: Merchant banks provide financial consultancy services. They advise firms on fundraising, manage IPO of firms, underwrite new issues and facilitate demat trading.
10. What are the rights of a holder in due course?
Ans: A Holder in Due Course enjoys the following rights and privileges:
(a) He possesses better title free from all defects: He always possesses better title than that of his transferor or any of the previous parties and can give to the subsequent parties the good title that he possesses. The holder in due course is entitled to recover the amount of the instrument from any or all of the previous parties.
(b) All prior parties liable: All prior parties to the instrument i.e. its maker or drawer, acceptor or endorser, is liable thereon to a holder in due course until the instrument is duly satisfied. The holder in due course can file a suit against the parties liable to pay in his own name.
(c) No effect of conditional delivery: Where a negotiable instrument delivered conditionally or for a special purpose and is negotiated to a holder in due course, a valid delivery of it is conclusively presumed and he acquires good title to it.
11. Write the differences between promissory note and cheque.
Difference between Promissory Note and Cheque:
| Basis | Promissory Note | Cheque |
| Nature | It is an unconditional promise by the maker to pay the money. | It is an unconditional order to the bank to pay certain sum of money. |
| Days of Grace | Three days of grace are allowed for payment. | No days of grace are allowed for payment. |
| Crossing | A promissory note cannot be crossed. | A cheque can be crossed. |
| Stamping | A promissory note must be stamped. | A cheque does not require a stamp. |
| Drawer | The maker of a promissory note is one who pays the money. | The drawer of a cheque is one who withdraws the money from the drawee. |
| Payee | The maker of promissory note cannot be payee. | The drawer of a cheque can be the payee. |
Or
Write the differences between Private Sector Banks and Public Sector Banks.
Ans: Difference between Public Sector Banks and Private Sector Banks
| Basic | Public Sector | Private Sector |
| 1.Ownership | Public Sector banks are owned by the Govt. either directly or through the RBI. | Private Sector banks are owned by private individuals or business corporations. |
| 2. Setup | These banks are setup under the special act of Parliament. | These banks are setup under the Companies Act. |
| 3. Aim | These banks aim at saving the Society. | These banks are driven by profit motive. |
| 4. Foreign Bank | Public Sector banks does not include foreign bank. | Private Sector banks may be Indian Banks as well as foreign banks. |
| 5. Area of operation | These banks operated in rural, Semi-urban and Urban areas. | Private Sector banks mainly operated in Semi-urban and Urban areas. |
| 6. Capital | In public sector banks more that 50% of capital or full capital is supplied by the Government. | But, in private sector banks, all total capital is supplied by the shareholders of the bank. |
12. Discuss the features of Money Market.
Ans: Features of Money Market: The salient features of money market are as follows:
(a) Flow of short-term funds: The money market brings together the lenders who have surplus funds for short-term and the borrowers who are in need of short-term funds.
(b) No fixed geographical location: There is no fix geographical location of money market. Different name is given to money market located in different areas.
(c) Participants: The major participants of money market consist of the government, commercial banks, Life insurance companies, Mutual funds, Non-banking finance companies, stock exchange brokers etc.
(d) Instruments: It deals in money or instruments which are a close substitute of money such as treasury bills (TBs), Commercial bills, Commercial paper (CP), ADRs, GDRs, Call and Short money market etc.
(e) Sub-markets or components: Money market consists of many sub-markets such as call money market, collateral loan market, acceptance market, bill market, treasury bills market etc.
Or
Discuss the functions of Foreign Exchange Market.
Ans: Function of foreign Exchange market:
Following are the important functions performed by the foreign exchange market:
(a) Facilitates Transfer: The basic function of the foreign exchange market is to transfer purchasing power between countries i.e. to provide a platform whereby currency of one country is converted into currency of another country at the prevailing exchange rate.
(b) Facilitates Credit: Foreign bills of exchange used in the international payments normally have maturity period of three to six months. The foreign exchange market performs the function of providing credit to promote foreign trade. Credit is provided on the basis of such foreign bills of exchange.
(c) Facilitates Hedging: In a situation of exchange risks, the foreign exchange market performs hedging function. Hedging is the act of equating one’s assets and liabilities in a foreign currency to avoid the risk resulting from future exchanges in the value of foreign currency.
(d) Facilitates trade and investment: International trade and investment would not have been possible without the arrangements or mechanism for buying and selling foreign currency. The foreign exchange market is required to undertake import/export transactions.
13. Discuss the functions of a Lead Bank.
Ans: Objectives and Functions of Lead banking scheme
(a) To ascertain the scope of development of banking in the allotted district.
(b) To ascertain unbanked areas within district for mobilization of savings.
(c) To ascertain the credit needs of business and industrial units in the allotted district and extend credit facilities to them.
(d) To provide financial assistance to other institutions in the allotted district.
(e) To make provisions for training of small farmers so as to ensure proper utilization of funds.
14. What is Hundi? What are its different types?
Ans: Hundi can be defined as a financial instrument or a negotiable bill of exchange, which was used for carrying out trade and credit transactions during the Medieval period in India. A Hundi is primarily an unconditional contract or order which warrantees a monetary payment which can be transferred by valid negotiation.
Types of Hundies:
(1) Darshani Hundi: It is a type of Hundi which is payable at sight or on demand.
(2) Muddati Hundi: It is similar to a time of bill of exchange. It is payable after a specified period of time. It is also known as “Miadi Hundi.”
(3) Shah-Jog Hundi: It is drawn by a merchant upon another asking the later to pay the amount of the Hundi to a shah – respectable person in the market.
(4) Jokhmi Hundi: It is drawn by the consignor of goods on the consignee against the goods shipped.
Or
Discuss the duties of a Collecting Banker.
Ans: The duties of a collecting banker towards his customers are as follows:
1. Acting as agent: While collecting an instrument, whether for credit to customer’s account or for himself, the Bankers works as agent of his customer. As an agent he has generally to take such steps & precautions to protect the interest or his customer as a man of ordinary prudence would take to safe-guard his own interest.
2. Scrutinizing the instruments: Name of the holder, Branch name, date, amount in world and figure, any cutting without signature, material alteration of any to be checked carefully.
3. Checking the endorsement: Bankers has to check the instrument whether it has been endorsed properly.
4. Presenting the instrument in due time: It is the responsibility of the collecting bank to present the instrument in due time to the paying bank.
5. Collecting the proceeds in the payee’s account: It is the duty of collecting banks to collect and credit the proceed of the instruments to the proper/correct account.
6. Notice of dishonor and returning the instruments: If any instrument is dishonored by the paying bank it should be informed to the customer on the business day following the receipt of the unpaid instruments.
15. Discuss different methods of note issue of Central Bank.
Ans: The first function or the primary function of money is to issue paper currency. The Central Bank has the sole power to issue paper currency. The notes are legal tender money. In India, the RBI issue currency notes of all types except One Rupee note which are issued by the Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India. But the notes are issued following some methods. The Central Banks follows different methods or system according to the currency or banking regulations to issue notes.
These systems are:
(a) Simple Deposit system/Full reserve system.
(b) Fixed fiduciary system.
(c) Proportional reserve system.
(d) Minimum reserve system. (Followed in India from 1956 onwards)
(e) Maximum reserve system.
Major Principles of note issue by Central Bank
- Currency Principle.
- Banking Principle.
1. Currency Principle: Under the currency principle, the Central bank is supposed to back the issue of currency with an equal amount of gold and foreign currency.
2. Banking Principle: In banking principle, like the commercial banks, the Central bank will keep a certain percentage of gold and foreign currency for backing the entire note issue. We see in the day-to-day banking business that the commercial banks do not keep the entire depositors’ money as cash in hand.
Only a small portion of the depositors’ money is used for cash in hand and the rest is given as loan. The same way, under the banking principle of note issue, with limited amount of gold and foreign currency reserves, the Central bank resorts to issue of more currency.
16. What is meant by Letter of Credit? What are its types?
Ans: A letter of credit is essentially a financial contract between a bank, a bank’s customer and a beneficiary. Generally issued by an importer’s bank, the letter of credit guarantees the beneficiary will be paid once the conditions of the letter of credit have been met.
Various types of letter of credit are:
(A) Traveler’s Letter Credit.
(i) Circular Note.
(ii) Circular Cheque.
(iii) Traveler’s Cheques.
(B) Commercial Letter of Credit.
(a) Documentary and clean letter of credit.
(b) Revocable and irrecoverable Letter of Credit.
(c) Fixed and revolving Letter of Credit.
(d) Confirmed and Unconfirmed Letter of Credit.
(e) Red clause Letter of Credit.
(f) Transferable and Non-transferable letter of credit.
(g) With and Without Resource Letter of credit.
17. Write a note on recent trends in developments of commercial banks in India.
Ans:
(a) Core banking is normally defined as the business conducted by a banking institution with its retail and small business customers. Many banks treat the retail customers as their core banking customers and have a separate line of business to manage small business.
Larger business is handled by the corporate banking division of the institution. Core banking basically is depositing and lending of money.
(b) Factoring: Factoring is a service of financial nature involving the conversion of credit bills into cash. Accounts receivables, bills recoverable and other credit dues resulting from credit sales appear, in the books of accounts as book credits. Here the risk of credit, risk of credit worthiness of the debtor and as number of incidental and consequential risks are involved.
These risks are taken by the factor which purchase these credit receivables without recourse and collects them when due. These balance-sheet items are replaced by cash received from the factoring agent. Factoring is also called “Invoice Agent” or purchase and discount of all “receivables”.
(c) Internet /E-Banking: Online banking also known as internet banking, e-banking, or virtual banking, is an electronic payment system that enables customers of a bank or other financial institution to conduct a range of financial transactions through the financial institution’s website. Internet banking is a term used to describe the process whereby a client executes banking transactions via electronic means.
This type of banking uses the internet as the chief medium of delivery by which banking activities are executed. The activities clients are able to carry out are can be classified to as transactional and non transactional.
Or
Discuss the functions of NABARD.
Ans:
Functions of NABARD
Credit Functions:
(i) Framing policy and guidelines for rural financial institutions.
(ii) Providing credit facilities to issuing organizations.
(iii) Monitoring the flow of ground level rural credit.
(iv) Preparation of credit plans annually for all districts for identification of credit potential.
Development Functions:
(i) Help cooperative banks and Regional Rural Banks to prepare development actions plans for themselves.
(ii) Help Regional Rural Banks and the sponsor banks to enter into MoUs with state governments and cooperative banks to improve the affairs of the Regional Rural Banks.
(iii) Monitor implementation of development action plans of banks.
(iv) Provide financial support for the training institutes of cooperative banks, commercial banks and Regional Rural Banks.
Supervisory Functions:
(i) Undertakes inspection of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and Cooperative Banks (other than urban/primary cooperative banks) under the provisions of Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
(ii) Undertakes inspection of State Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks (SCARDBs) and apex non- credit cooperative societies on a voluntary basis.
(iii) Provides recommendations to Reserve Bank of India on issue of licenses to Cooperative Banks, opening of new branches by State Cooperative Banks and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs).
(iv) Undertakes portfolio inspections besides off-site surveillance of Cooperative Banks and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs).
18. What is Bill of Exchange? Write its features.
Ans: A “bill of exchange” is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, signed by the maker, directing a certain person to pay on demand or at fixed or determinable future time a certain sum of money only to, or to the order of, a certain person or to the bearer of the instrument.
Features of bills of exchange:
(a) A bill of exchange is an instrument in writing.
(b) It contains an unconditional order to pay money and money only.
(c) It must be signed by the drawer. Unsigned document will be invalid.
(d) It must be stamped as per the requirement of law.
(e) The payment to be made must be certain.
(f) The date on which payment is made must also be certain.
(g) The bill of exchange must be payable to a certain person.
(h) The amount mentioned in the bill of exchange is payable either on demand or within a stipulated time.
(i) There are three parties in bills of exchange: Drawer, Drawee and Payee.
Or
What is International Development Association (IDA)? What are its procedures of giving loans?
Ans: The International Development Association (IDA) is the part of the World Bank that helps the world’s poorest countries. Established in 1960, IDA aims to reduce poverty by providing zero to low-interest loans (called “credits”) and grants for programs that boost economic growth, reduce inequalities, and improve people’s living conditions.
Financing Procedure of IDA: The IDA loans are different from the conventional loans.
The following are the distinctive features of the financing policy of the IDA
(a) The IDA grants loans for protects whether they are directly productive or not.
(b) The IDA loans are interest free; only a nominal annual rate of 3.4% on the amounts withdrawn and outstanding is charged to meet the administrative expenses.
(c) The IDA loans are for long periods, i.e., for 50 years.
(d) There is a 10 years of grace and no amount is repayable during this period of grace. After this only 1% of the principal is to be repaid annually for 10 years and 3% annually for the remaining 30 years.
(e) IDA loans are generally repayable in foreign exchange.
(f) IDA loans are granted to the government of the country concerned.
19. Discuss the Advantages and Disadvantages of branch banking.
Ans: Branch Banking: Branch Bank is a type of banking system under which the banking operations are carried with the help of branch network and the branches are controlled by the Head Office of the bank through their zonal or regional offices. Each branch of a bank will be managed by a responsible person called branch manager who will be assisted by the officers, clerks and sub-staff. In England and India, this type of branch banking system is in practice. In India, State Bank of India (SBI) is the biggest public sector bank with a very wide network of 16000 branches.
Advantages of Branch Banking:
1. Benefits of large Scale Production: Due to large scale production, the cost per unit of operation is very low in case of this system.
2. Distribution of Risks: There is a distribution of risks because the losses incurred by one branch are made up by the profits earned by other branches.
3. Effective Central Bank control: Due to presence of few big banks in the banking system, the RBI can effectively and easily regulate the activities of banks.
4. Public Confidence: Branch banking system gains greater public confidence because of its large scale operations and huge financial resources.
5. Easy transfer of funds: Since the branches of bank under branch banking are spread all over the country, it is easier and cheaper, for it to transfer funds from one place to another.
Demerit of branch banking:
1. Problems of Management: The effective management and control of bank under branch banking system is difficult due to large network of branches.
2. Delay in Decision Making: Decision making is delayed because the branch manager has to consult with the head office before taking decision.
3. Ignorance of local heads: Branches follows the policies framed by the head office. The head office and the branch may not be aware of the local conditions.
4. Monopolistic tendencies: Branch banking encourages monopolistic tendencies. A few big banks can dominate and control the whole banking system.
5. Regional imbalances: Under branch banking system the financial resources collected in smaller and backward regions are transferred to the bigger industrial centre. This encourages regional imbalances in the country.
Or
What are the types of capital market? Discuss the functions of capital market.
Ans: The capital market is classified into two categories (Components), namely,
(i) Primary market or new issue market. and
(ii) Secondary market or stock exchange.
Functions and Importance of Capital Market
(a) Availability of funds: Capital market helps to raise long term funds from both domestic and as well as foreign institutional investors.
(b) Mobilization of savings: Capital market mobilizes the savings of individuals and institutions to productive channels. It facilitates flow of long term capital from those who have surplus capital to those who need capital.
(c) Industrial growth: it plays a significant role in the economic development of a country. It facilitates increase in production and productivity in the economy and hence enhances the economic welfare of the society.
(d) Stability in security prices: The Capital market tends to stabilize the values of stocks and securities and reduce the fluctuations in the price to the minimum. The process of stabilization is facilitated by providing capital to the borrowers at a lower interest rate and reducing the speculative and unproductive activities.
(e) Liquidity: It provides liquidity to investors in capital market. The securities issued through the primary market are traded in the secondary market which provides liquidity to the investors and also short-term as well as long-term yields on their investments.
(f) Promotion of economic growth: The capital market not only reflects the general conditions of the economy, but also smoothens and accelerates the process of economic growth. Various institutions of the capital market allocate the resources rationally in accordance with the development needs of the country.
(g) Balance between demand and supply: It bring about balance between demand and supply of capital by creating a link between those who demand capital and those who supply capital.
(h) Attracting foreign capital: Capital market helps in attracting foreign investments. The Indian capital market provides the channel through which foreign institutional investors and NRIs ca invest their funds in the securities of Indian companies.
20. Define Negotiable Instrument? Discuss its characteristics.
Ans: A negotiable instrument is a signed document that promises a sum of payment to a specified person or the assignee.
In other words, it is a formalized type of IOU: A transferable, signed document that promises to pay the bearer a sum of money at a future date or on-demand. The payee, who is the person receiving the payment, must be named or otherwise indicated on the instrument.
The characteristics of a Negotiable Instrument are:
(a) Witting and Signature according to the rules: A Negotiable Instrument must be in writing and signed by the parties according to the rules relating to
(i) promissory notes.
(ii) Bills of Exchange. and
(iii) Cheques.
(b) Payable by Money: Negotiable Instruments are payable by the legal tender money of India.
(c) Unconditional Promise and order: If the instrument is a promissory note, it must contain an unconditional promise to pay. If the instrument is a bill or cheque, it must be an unconditional order to pay money.
(d) Freely transferable: A negotiable instrument is transferable from one person to another by delivery or by endorsement and delivery.
(e) Acquisition of Property: Any person, who possesses a negotiable instrument, becomes its owner and entitled to the sum of money, mentioned on the face of the instrument.
(f) No Need of Giving Notice: There is no need of giving a notice of transfer of a negotiable instrument to the party liable to pay the money.
21. Explain the duties of a Paying Banker.
Ans: Duties of paying banker
(a) Prescribed form: Before payment, the paying banker must ensure that the cheque presented must be in prescribed form. The banker has every right to dishonor a customer’s cheque if they are not submitted in the prescribed form.
(b) Sufficient funds: The paying banker must pay the cheque if there is sufficient balance in the account of the drawer. If the funds are not enough, the cheque cannot be honoured.
(c) Genuine Payee: Before payment, the paying banker must ensure that the payee is genuine.
(d) Material Alternation: Materially altered cheque should not be honoured by the banker as such alteration is done without the knowledge or consent of the drawer.
However, such a cheque can be honoured if the alteration is confirmed by the drawer by affixing his full signature at the place of alteration.
(e) No payment if restriction imposed: The paying banker should not pay the cheque if there is restriction imposed on the payment by the drawer or by the law.
(f) Payment on behalf of customer only: Another important duty of a paying banker is to pay on behalf of his customer of the bank and he has account in the bank.
(g) Drawee’s signature: The signature of the drawer or his authorised agent should agree or tally with the signature on the cheque. Only if the signature tallies, the banker has the right to debit the customer’s account.
(h) Payment through bank account only: The paying banker should not make payment of crossed cheques over the counter of the bank.
(i) Must be presented within reasonable time: The paying banker must pay the cheque when it is presented within reasonable time and during banking hours.
22. What are the developmental functions of RBI? Discuss.
Ans: The RBI, as a Central Bank of the Country has assumed greater responsibility as developmental and promotional agency. Its promotional functions and activities have been mainly directed towards building up and strengthening financial infrastructure and filling the institutional gap by setting up new financial institutions and by ensuring the allocation of credit in the socially desired directions.
The Development and Promotional functions of the Central Banks are listed below:
(a) To promote and strengthen commercial banking in our country by taking various steps such as putting regulation on banks, setting up of deposit insurance corporation, amalgamation and consolidation of banks.
(b) To promote agricultural and rural credit by setting up and developing key financial institutions like NABARD and RRBS.
(c) To promote short, medium and long term industrial finance by setting up various institutions such as IDBI, SIDBI, SFCs, SSIDC etc.
(d) To promote exports through refinance to banks against export credit.
(e) To maintain internal price and exchange rate stable.
(f) To promote the market for investments in Govt. securities.
(g) To promote housing finance by promoting the national housing bank in 1988 to organise and augment resources for housing.
(h) To promote co-operative banking by providing funds to co-operative banks.
(i) RBI also encourages and promotes research in the areas of banking.
Or
Discuss the objectives and functions of General Insurance Corporation of India.
Ans: The objective of the General Insurance Corporation of India(GIC):
Objectives of general insurance:
(i) To carry on the general insurance business other than life, such as accident, fire, etc.
(ii) Now, To aid and achieve the subsidiaries to conduct the insurance business.
(iii) To help the conduct of investment strategies of the subsidiaries in an efficient and productive manner.
(iv) A company counted upon by our clients to provide IT solutions solving business challenges, on time and budget utilizing the latest technology.
(v) The company who takes pride in the empowerment of its employees.
(vi) A company who are able to design, deploy and manage projects from the business challenges to an operational production system.
The function of the General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC):
Function of general insurance:
(i) Carrying on of any part of the general insurance, if it thinks it is desirable to do so.
(ii) Aiding, assisting and advising the acquiring companies in the matter of setting up standards of conduct and sound practice in the general insurance business.
(iii) Rendering efficient services to policyholders of general insurance.
(iv) Advising the acquiring companies in the matter of controlling their expenses including the payment of commission and other expenses.
(v) Advising the acquiring companies in the matter of investing their fund.
(vi) Issuing directives to the acquiring companies in relation to the conduct of general insurance business.
