Class 11 Sociology Chapter 8 Environment And Society answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters SCERT Class 11 Sociology Chapter 8 Environment And Society and select need one.
Class 11 Sociology Chapter 8 Environment And Society
Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board/NCERT Class 11 Sociology Chapter 8 Environment And Society Solutions for All Subject, You can practice these here.
Environment And Society
Chapter: 8
SOCIOLOGY
TEXTUAL QUESTION & ANSWER
Q. no 1. Who is the founder of the Institute for Social Ecology?
Ans : Murray Book chin is the founder of the Institute for social ecology.
Q. no 2. Is water scarcity natural?
Ans : No, water scarcity is not natural. It is man made.
Q. no 3. What is Hydrology?
Ans :Hydrology is the science of water and its flows . It means the brand structure of water resources in a country or region.
Q. no 4. What is deforestation?
Ans : Deforestation means loss of forest areas due to cutting down of trees and taking over of the land for other purposes cultivation.
Q. no 5. What is Emissions?
Ans : The word emission implies given water gases mainly in the context of industries and vehicles.
Q. no 6. What is Monoculture?
Ans : When the plant life of a locality is reduced to a single variety it is known as monoculture.
(b) Short and Long Answers :
Q. no 1. What is ecology?
Ans : The term ecology denotes the web of physical and biological systems and processes of which humans are one element. Mountains and rivers, plains and oceans and the flora and fauna, that they support are a part of ecology.
Q. no 2. What are the factors that affect ecology of a place?
Ans : The ecology of a place is affected by the interaction between its geography and hydrology. As for example, the plant and animal life unique to a desert is adopted to its scarce rainfall, rocky or sandy soils and extreme temperatures.
Q. no 3. How human action modifies ecology? Or why ecology is not limited only to the forces of nature?
Ans : Though ecology has been modified by human actions since earlier times, the unprecedented growth of science and technology in modern times have increased this impact. As for example, aridity or flood proneness appears to be natural feature of the environment, intervention. Climate change brought about by global warming is an example of widespread of human activity on nature. Now it becomes difficult to separate and distinguish between that natural and human factors in ecological change.
Q. no 4. What is social environment?
Ans : Social environment emerges from the interaction between biophysical ecology and human intervention. This is a two -way process which simply means that as nature shape society. Society also shapes nature.
Q. no 5. Describe the two way process by which social environments emerge?
Ans : Social environment is a two -way process. As nature shapes society, society also shapes nature . For instance we all know that human civilization were grown up in the river banks. It is mainly the fertile soil of the flood plains, which enables intensive agriculture.
Similarly the old trading cities were grown up near big rivers as seas. It is mainly due to transportation facility offered by rivers and seas. On the other there are so many examples of human activity which shaped nature. The concept of private car has changed lives and landscapes. Air pollution, Congestion in cities, global warming are few of the environment affects of cars.
Q. no 6. How does social organization shapes the relationship between environment and society?
Ans :The interaction between environment and society is shaped by social organization. Property relations determine how and by whom natural resources can be used. As for example, it forests are owned by the government, it will have the power to decide whether it should leave them to timber companies or allow villagers to collect forests produce .
The relationship between individual and society is always shaped by social organization. For instance, in rural India, people normally depend upon forest product like wood and bamboo as fuel in cooking process. But with the establishment of bio – gas project at the villages, the dependent on forests have decreased.
Thus social organization shape the relationship between environment and society.
Q. no 7. Why is environmental management a complex and huge task for society?
Ans : In the present world environmental management has become a very complex and difficult task. With the spread of industrialization, resource extraction has expanded and accelerated affecting ecosystems in unprecedented ways. Moreover, human relation with the environment have become increasingly complex. Complex industrial technologies and modes of organization require sophisticated management system which are fragile and vulnerable to error. The occurrence of nuclear disasters like Chernobyl, industrial accident like. Bhupal gas tragedy and mad cow diseases in Europe shows the danger inherent in industrial environment.
| Sl. No. | CONTENTS |
| Unit 1 | PART-1 |
| Chapter 1 | Sociology And Society |
| Chapter 2 | Terms, Concepts And Their Use In Sociology |
| Chapter 3 | Understanding Social Institutions |
| Chapter 4 | Culture And Socialisation |
| Chapter 5 | Doing Sociology: Methods And Techniques |
| Unit 2 | PART-2 |
| Chapter 6 | Social Structure, Stratification and Social Processes in Society |
| Chapter 7 | Social Change and Social Order in Rural and Urban Society |
| Chapter 8 | Environment And Society |
| Chapter 9 | Introducing Western Social Thinkers |
| Chapter 10 | Indian Sociologists |
Q. no 8. What are some of the important forms of pollution – related environmental hazards?
Ans : Air pollution is considered to be a major environmental problems in urban and rural areas. The sources of air pollution include emissions from industrial and vehicles as well as burning wood and coal for domestic use. We all are wave about industrial and vehicle pollution . But we often don’t realis that indoor pollution, i. e. Pollution from cooking fires is also various problem . The word Health Organization have estimated that almost 600,000 people died due to indoor pollution related causes in Indian in 1998, out of which almost 500,000 in rural areas.
Water pollution is also a very serious issue affecting surface as well as ground water . Major sources of water pollution includes domestic sewage, factory effluents etc. Modern agriculture which use synthetic fertilisers and pesticides is also a major source of water pollution.
Global warming is also an important pollution related problem. The increasing level of carbon dioxide, methane and other such gases creates green house effect by raping the Sun’s heat and not allowing in to dissipate. This has increased global temperature -which ultimately results in ment -down of polar ice -fields, thus submerging low -level coastal areas and more important, affecting ecological balance.
Q. no 9 . What are the major environmental issues associated with resource depletion?
Ans : Using up non -renewable natural resources is one of the most serious environmental problems. While fossil fuels hog the headlines the destruction of water and land is probably even more rapid. The rapid decline of ground water levels is an acute problem all over India. Due to growing demands of intensive agriculture, industry and urban centers natural aquifers are being emptied within a few decades.
The construction of dam in the rivers have caused irreversible damage to the ecology. In carbon areas many water bodies have been filled up which have destroyed the natural drainage of the landscape. Erosion water logging, brick production are the chief causes for the destruction of the topsoil which is the core agricultural resource. Mainly due to the reach for a agricultural land biodiversity habitats such as forests, grasslands and wetland are faring rapid depletion.
Q. no 10. Why environment problems are simultaneously social problems?
Ans : Social status and power determine the extent to which people can insulate themselves from environmental crisis or overcome. It In some cases it is found that their Solutions actually widen environmental disparities. As for example in Kutch region of Gujarat, where water is scarce, richer formers have invested in deep bore tubewells to irrigate their fields and grow cash corps .But as a result, the earthen wells of poorer villages run dry and they don’t even have water to drink. Similarly, the construction of dams on rivers to generate electricity, normally damage agricultural lands at the down stream and render people homeless. So environmental problems are also social problems.
Q. no 11. What is meant by Social ecology?
Ans : Environmental crisis have their roots in social is equality. The school of social ecology points out that social relations, in particular the organization of property and production Shape environmental perceptions and practices. The present ecological problems cann’t be clearly understood without understanding the social problems. To solve the present ecological problems we have to resolutely deal with the social problems. The core of the most the serious ecological problems lie at the economic ethnic cultural and gender conflicts.
Q. no 12. Which factors shape low water is allocated among different users?
Ans : There are may social factor which shape water allocation for different users. Rich cultivates by using deep tube wells are irrigating their fields while poor villagers are not getting even drinking water. Even in the water Scarcity hit areas number of and assessment centers are increasing, which poor people are facing huge water crisis. Thus economic factors shape water distribution in society.
Q. no 13. What is genetically modified Organisation?
Ans : Due to the new techniques of gene -splicing the scientists now can import genes from one species to another. Thus, through genetic modifications new characteristics can be introduced in an organisation- which one know as Genetically. Modified organism. Genetic modification may be done to shorten growing time increase size and the shelf life of crops.
Q. no 14. How can genetically modified seeds can affect farmer?
Ans : The agricultural companies can use genetic modifications to create sterile seeds -which present formers to re – using seeds. Thus, bee can remain profit yielding property for the agricultural companies, and the formers will have to remain dependent for them.
Q. no 15. What is Green House ?
Ans : Green House is a covered structure for protecting plants from extremes of climate, usually from excessive cold. Green Houses in a not house, which maintains a warmer temperature inside compared to the outside temperature.
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