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SCERT Class 10 Science MCQ Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
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Carbon and Its Compounds
Chapter – 4
Multiple Choice Questions & Answers
1. Carbon atoms can combine with one another to form long chains and thus can give rise to large molecules. This property is known as –
(a) Substitution.
(b) Esterification.
(c) Catenation.
(d) Saponification.
Ans: (c) Catenation.
2. Which one of the following is the molecular formula of ethane?
(a) CH₄
(b) C₂H₆
(c) C₃H₈
(d) C₄H₁₀
Ans: (b) C₂H₆
3. Number of structural isomers of butane (C₄H₁₀) –
(a) 2
(b) 3
(d) 1
(c) 0
Ans: (a) 2
4. Which one of the following is an unsaturated carbon compound with ring structure?
(a) Cyclohexane.
(b) Cyclobutane.
(c) Cyclopentane.
(d) Benzene.
Ans: (d) Benzene.
5. Number of structural isomers of pentane-
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Ans: (b) 3
6. The non-carbon element that replaces hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon chain is called –
(a) Heteroatom.
(b) Homologue.
(c) Functional group.
(d) Isomer.
Ans: (a) Heteroatom.
7. With the increase in molecular mass, the melting and boiling points of the compounds in homologous series –
(a) Increase.
(b) Decrease.
(c) Remain same.
(d) None of these.
Ans: (a) Increase.
8. The difference between the molecular mass of two successive compounds in a homologous series is-
(a) 12u
(b) 1u
(c) 14u
(d) 2u
Ans: (c) 14u
9. The colour of flame produced by saturated hydrocarbons when burnt in excess air –
(a) Blue.
(b) Yellow.
(c) Sooty.
(d) Red.
Ans: (a) Blue.
10. The reaction in which alcohol converts to carboxylic acid by reacting with alkaline potassium permanganate or acidified potassium dichromate is an example of which of the following reactions?
(a) Substitution.
(b) Addition.
(c) Oxidation.
(d) Reduction.
Ans: (c) Oxidation.
11. The reaction in which vanaspati ghee is produced from vegetable oils using nickel catalyst is an example of which of the following reactions-
(a) Esterification.
(b) Saponification.
(c) Substitution.
(d) Hydrogenation.
Ans: (d) Hydrogenation.
12. The gas which is produced during the reaction between sodium and ethanol is-
(a) CO₂
(b) H₂
(c) O₂
(d) C1₂
Ans: (b)H₂
13. Which one of the following is used as a dehydrating agent to produce unsaturated hydrocarbon, ethene from ethanol-
(a) Dilute HCl.
(b) Concentrated HCl.
(c) Concentrated H₂SO₄
(d) Dilute H₂SO₄
Ans: (c) Concentrated H₂SO₄
14. Which one of the following is known as glacial acetic acid?
(a) C₂H₅OH
(b) CH₅COOH
(c) CH₃COOC₂H₅
(d) CH₃COONa
Ans: (b)CH₅COOH
15. The substance generally produced during the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol is –
(a) Sodium ethoxide.
(b) Sodium ethanoate.
(c) Ester.
(d) Sodium carbonate.
Ans: (c) Ester.
16. The reaction in which ester reacts with sodium hydroxide to get converted back to alcohol and a sodium salt of the carboxylic acid is known as –
(a) Esterification.
(b) Saponification.
(c) Hydrogenation.
(d) Catenation.
Ans: (b) Saponification.
17. A molecule of butane has –
(a) 9 covalent bonds.
(b) 4 covalent bonds.
(c) 13 covalent bonds.
(d) 10 covalent bonds.
Ans: (c) 13 covalent bonds.
18. A molecule of propane has –
(a) 10 covalent bonds.
(b) 9 covalent bonds.
(c) 11 covalent bonds.
(d) 8 covalent bonds.
Ans: (a) 10 covalent bonds.
19. Which one of the following pairs will you consider as homologues of a homologous series?
(a) C₃H₈, C₄H₆
(c) C₂H₆, C₃H₆
(b) C₄ H₈, C₄H₆
(d) C₃H₆, C₄H₈
Ans: (d) C₃H₆, C₄H₈
20. The functional group present in the three-carbon compound propanal is –
(a) Ketone.
(b) Alcohol.
(c) Aldehyde.
(d) Halogen.
Ans: (c) Aldehyde.
21. Which one of the following is the general formula for alkanes?
(a) Cₙ H₂ₙ₋₂
(b) Cₙ H₂ₙ
(c) Cₙ H₂ₙ₊₁
(d) Cₙ H₂ₙ₊₂
Ans: (d) Cₙ H₂ₙ₊₂
22. In which of the following compounds, there is only single bond between the carbon atoms?
(a) C₂H₄
(b) C₂H₆
(c) C₂H₂
(d) C₃H₄
Ans: (b) C₂H₆
23. In which of the following compounds, there is at least one double bond between two carbon atoms?
(a) C₃H₆
(b) C₃H₈
(c) C₄H₆
(d) C₂H₆
Ans: (a) C₃H₆
24. In which of the following compounds, there is at least one triple bond between two carbon atoms?
(a) CH₄
(b) C₂H₆
(c) C₂H₄
(d) C₂H₂
Ans: (d) C₂H₂
25. Which one of the following is the general formula for alkynes?
(a) CₙHₙ
(b) CnH₂ₙ
(c) CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
(d) CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
Ans: (c) CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
26. Reason for the formation of a large variety of compounds by carbon is-
(i) Catenation.
(ii) Small size of carbon atom.
(iii) Tetravalency of carbon.
(iv) Strong bond formation by carbon.
Correct option is –
(a) (i), (ii)
(b) (ii), (iii)
(c) (i), (iv)
(d) (i) (iii)
Ans: (d) (i) (iii)
27. In covalent bond between two atoms-
(i) Electrons are transferred.
(ii) Electrons are shared.
(iii) Both the atoms achieve completely filled outermost shell.
(iv) Both the atoms are non-metals.
(a) (i), (iii)
(b) (i), (iv)
(c) (ii), (iii)
(d) (ii), (iii), (iv)
Ans: (d) (ii), (iii), (iv)
28. Reaction of ethanol with sodium gives-
(a) Sodium ethoxide and water.
(b) Ethene and water.
(c) Sodium oxide and hydrogen.
(d) Ester and water.
Ans: (c) Sodium oxide and hydrogen.
29. Heating ethanol with concentrated sulphuric acid gives-
(a) Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen.
(b) Ethene and water.
(c) Sodium ethanoate and water.
(d) Ester.
Ans: (b) Ethene and water.
30. In the reaction of ethanol with excess concentrated sulphuric acid to produce ethene concentrated sulphuric acid acts as which of the following?
(a) Oxidising agent.
(b) Reducing agent.
(c) Catalyst.
(d) Dehydrating agent.
Ans: (d) Dehydrating agent.
31. Which one of the following will you term as glacial acetic acid?
(a) Pure ethanoic acid.
(b) Vinegar.
(c) Dilute ethanoic acid.
(d) All of the above.
Ans: (a) Pure ethanoic acid.
32. Reaction between ethnic acid and sodium hydroxide gives-
(a) Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen.
(b) Sodium ethanoate and hydrogen.
(c) Sodium ethanoate and water.
(d) Sodium ethanoate, carbon dioxide and water.
Ans: (c) Sodium ethanoate and water.
33. Reaction between sodium carbonate and ethanoic acid gives-
(a) Sodium ethanoate and water.
(b) Sodium ethanoate, carbon dioxide and water.
(c) Sodium ethoxide and water.
(d) Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen.
Ans: (b) Sodium ethanoate, carbon dioxide and water.
34. Hard water is caused by –
(a) Presence of soap in water.
(b) Presence of detergents in water.
(c) Presence of sodium and potassium ions in water.
(d) Presence of calcium and magnesium ions in water.
Ans: (d) Presence of calcium and magnesium ions in water.
35. Detergents remain effective in hard water, because –
(a) Detergents react with calcium and magnesium ions in hard water.
(b) Detergents form scum in water.
(c) Detergents do not react with the calcium and magnesium ions in hard water.
(d) Detergent molecules have sodium and potassium ions.
Ans: (c) Detergents do not react with the calcium and magnesium ions in hard water.
36. The functional group represented by the formula – is
(a) Aldehyde.
(b) Ketone.
(c) Alcohol.
(d) Carboxylic acid.
Ans: (a) Aldehyde.
37. The functional group represented by the formula – – is
(a) Aldehyde.
(b) Ketone.
(c) Alcohol.
(d) Carboxylic acid.
Ans: (b) Ketone.
38. The functional group represented by the formula is-
(a) Aldehyde.
(b) Ketone.
(c) Alcohol.
(d) Carboxylic acid.
Ans: (d) Carboxylic acid.
39. The formulae for the first three numbers of a homologous series are C₂H₄ ,C₃H₆ and C₄H₈ The name of this homologous series is –
(a) Alkene.
(b) Alkane.
(c) Alkyne.
(d) Alcohol.
Ans: (a) Alkene.
40. In a homologous series-
(i) Two successive compounds differ by a CH₂ unit.
(ii) Two successive compounds differ by 14u in molecular mass.
(iii) As the molecular mass increases, a gradation in physical properties in seen.
(iv) Chemical properties remain similar.
Correct option is –
(a) All of them.
(b) Only (iv)
(c) (i), (ii), (iii)
(d) Only (iii)
Ans: (a) All of them.
41. Compounds with identical molecular formula but different structure are called-
(a) Homologue.
(b) Functional group.
(c) Structural isomers.
(d) Heteroatoms.
Ans: (c) Structural isomers.
42. Reason for strong bond formation by carbon atom is-
(a) Catenation.
(b) Small size of carbon atom.
(c) Tetravalency.
(d) Both (a) and (c).
Ans: (b) Small size of carbon atom.
Very Short & Short Type Questions and Answers:
1. What is a covalent bond?
Ans: The chemical bond which is formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms is called a covalent bond.
2. What is a covalent compound?
Ans: The chemical compound which is formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms is called a covalent compound.
3. Why are melting and boiling points of covalent compound low?
Ans: This is because of very weak intermolecular forces between the molecules of covalent compound. So this force can be overcome by applying small amount of heat energy.
4. Why are covalent compounds poor conductors of electricity?
Ans: This is because covalent compounds do not contain ions or any other charged particles.
5. What is catenation?
Ans: Carbon atoms can combine with one another to form long chain and thus give rise to large molecules. This property is known as catenation.
6. Why are carbon compounds stable?
Ans: Because carbon forms very strong bonds with other carbon atom or atoms of other elements. The strong bond formation is due to the small size of carbon atoms.
7. What are saturated carbon compounds ?
Ans: The carbon compounds in which carbon atoms are attached to each other only by single bonds are called saturated carbon compounds.
8. What are unsaturated carbon compounds?
Ans: The carbon compounds in which there is at least one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms are called unsaturated carbon compounds.
9. What are structural isomers?
Ans: The compounds which have similar molecular formula but different structural formula are called structural isomers.
10. Write molecular formula of cyclohexane and draw its structure.]
উত্তৰঃ C₆H₁₂
11. Write molecular formula of benzene and draw its structure.
উত্তৰঃ C₆H₆
12. What are hydrocarbon?
Ans: The carbon compounds made of only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons.
13. What are alkanes?
Ans: The hydrocarbons in which there is only single bond between the carbon atoms one called saturated hydrocarbons or alkanes.
14. What are alkenes?
Ans: The hydrocarbons in which there is at least are double bond between two carbon atoms are called alkenes.
15. What are alkynes?
Ans: The hydrocarbons in which there is at least one triple bond between two carbon atoms are called alkynes.
16. Write the general formula for alkenes.
Ans: Cₙ H₂ₙ₊₂ (where,n=1,2,3,4,…).
17. Write the general formula for alkenes.]
Ans: Cₙ H₂ₙ ( where, n =2,3,4,…..).
18. Write the general formula for alkynes.
Ans: Cₙ H ₂ₙ₋₂ (where, n =2,3,4,….).
19. What are heteroatoms?
Ans: In a hydrocarbon chain, one or more hydrogen atoms can be replaced by the atoms of other elements such as halogens, nitrogen, sulphur etc. These elements are called heteroatoms.
20. What are functional groups?
Ans: The heteroatoms or the groups containing them confer a specific property to the carbon compounds. So these groups are called functional groups.
21. Write the formula for the following functional groups-
(a) Alcohol.
(b) Aldehyde.
(c) Ketone.
(d) Carboxylic acid.
Ans:
22. Give example of combustion reaction of carbon compounds.
Ans: CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂ O
(Methane) + heat and light
23. Write the chemical reaction that takes place when ethanol is burnt in air.
Ans: CH₃ CH₂ OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂
(Ethanal). + 3H₂O + heat and light.
24. What happens when ethanol is heated with alkaline KMnO₄ or acidified K₂ Cr₂ O₇? Write the chemical equation of the reaction.
Ans:
25. Give example of an oxidation reaction of carbon compounds.
Ans: CH₄ +Cl₂ → CH₃ Cl + HCI (sunlight).
26. What type of reactions are used to produce Vanaspati Ghee (Margarine) from vegetable oils using nickel as catalyst?
Ans: Addition reaction.
27. Give example of a substitution reaction of hydrocarbon.
Ans: CH₄ +Cl₂ → CH₃ Cl + HCI (sunlight).
28. What is vinegar?
Ans: It is the 5-8% solution of acetic acid in water.
29. Write an important use of vinegar.
Ans: As preservative in pickles.
30. Why is pure ethanoic acid known as glacial acetic acid?
Ans: This is because the melting point of pure ethanoic acid is 290K and hence it often freezes during winter in cold climates.
31. To which group of carbon compounds does ethanoic acid belong?
Ans: Carboxylic acid group.
32. What is esterification?
Ans: Esters are produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol in presence of acid catalyst.This reaction is called esterification.
33. Name the substance and draw its structure which is produced when ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol in presence of acid catalyst.
Ans: Ester (Ethyl ethanoate)
[Structure]:
34. What is ester?
Ans: It is a sweet-smelling substance that is produced in the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
35. Write two uses of ester.
Ans: In making perfumes and as flavouring agent.
36. What is soap?
Ans: Soap molecules are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids.
37. What are detergents?
Ans: Detergents are generally ammonium or sulphonate salts of long-chain carboxylic acids.
38. Write two uses of detergents.
Ans: To make shampoos and products for cleaning clothes.
39. Why do detergents remain effective in hard water?
Ans: Because the charged ends of these compounds do not form insoluble precipitates with the calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water.
40. Name two hydrocarbons which show addition reaction.
Ans: Ethene C₂H₄ and ethyne (C₂H₂.
41. Which ones of the following belong to the same homologous series?
C₃H₈, C₄H₈, C₄H₆, C₃H₆
Ans: C₄H₈ and C₃H₆.
42. Give example of a saturated carbon compound with ring structure.
Ans: Cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂).
43. Give example of an unsaturated carbon compound with ring structure.
Ans: Benzene (C₆H₆).
44. Draw the structure of a saturated carbon compound with ring structure.
Ans:
45. Draw the structure of an unsaturated carbon compound with ring structure.
Ans:
46. What is an addition reaction of hydrocarbon?
Ans: Unsaturated hydrocarbons add hydrogen in the presence of catalysts such a palladium or nickel to give saturated hydrocarbon. This is called an addition reaction.
47. Give example of an addition reaction of hydrocarbons.
Ans:
48. How is the reaction known in which unsaturated hydrocarbons add hydrogen in the presence of catalysts such as palladium or nickel to give saturated hydrocarbons?
Ans: Addition reaction.
49. What is catalyst?
Ans: Catalysts are substances that cause a reaction to occur or proceed at a different rate without the reaction itself being affected.
50. Write a use of addition reaction.
Ans: In the hydrogenation of vegetable oils using nickel catalyst.
51. Which metal is commonly used as catalyst in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils that is carried out by using addition reaction?
Ans: Nickel.
52. What do you mean by substitution reaction of hydrocarbon?
Ans: The reaction in which a hydrogen atom from a saturated hydrocarbon is replaced by the atom of another element is known as a substitution reaction.
53. Give an example of a substitution reaction of hydrocarbons.
Ans: CH₄+ Cl₂→CH₃ Cl + HCI (Sunlight)
54. What happens when sodium metal is added to ethanol?
Ans: Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen are produced.
55. Write the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place when sodium metal is added to ethanol.
Ans: 2Na + 2CH₃CH₂OH → 2CH₃CH₂ONa⁺ + H₂
56. What happens when ethanol is heated with excess concentrated sulphuric acid?
Ans: Ethene is produced by the dehydration of ethanol.
57. Write the reaction that takes place when ethanol is heated with excess concentrated sulphuric acid.
Ans:
58. Give an example of a hydrogenation reaction.
Ans: An example of hydrogenation reaction is the preparation of vanaspati ghee by the hydrogenation of vegetable oils using nickel catalyst.
59. Give example of an esterification reaction.
Ans:
60. What is saponification reaction?
Ans: On treating with sodium hydroxide, the ester is converted back to alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid. This reaction is called saponification reaction.
61. Write a chemical equation to show a saponification reaction.
Ans:
62. Write the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide (Alkali).
Ans: CH₃COOH + NaOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O (Sodium ethanoate)
63. How does ethanoic acid react with carbonate and hydrogen carbonate?
Ans: Ethanoic acid reacts with carbonate and hydrogencarbonate to produce a salt, carbon dioxide and water.
64. Write the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate.
Ans: 2CH₃COOH + Na₂CO₃ → 2CH₃COONa + CO₂ + H₂O
65. Write the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate.
Ans: CH₃COOH + NaHCO₃ → CH₃COONa + CO₂ + H₂O
66. Which products are formed when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate?
Ans: Sodium ethanoate (salt), carbon dioxide and water.
67. Which products are formed when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate?
Ans: Sodium ethanoate (salt), carbon dioxide and water.
68. Compound A is widely used as a preservative in pickles and its molecular formula is C₂ H₄O₂. This compound reacts with ethanol to produce a sweet melting compound B. Identify compound A and B.
Ans: Compound A = Ethanoic acid; compound B= Ester.
69. What will you observe if you drop a small piece of sodium into ethanol?
Ans: Bubbles of H₂ gas will be observed in the test tube.
70. Take a spatula full of sodium carbonate in a test tube and add 2mL dilute ethanoic acid. What will you observe?
Ans: Bubbles of carbon dioxide gas will be observed in the test tube.
71. Take about 3mL of ethanol in a test tube and warm it gently in a water bath. Add a 5% solution of alkaline potassium permanganate drop by drop to this solution. Will you see the purple colour of potassium permanganate? Give reason.
Ans: No, because ethanol will react with alkaline potassium permanganate and ethanoic acid will be produced.
72. What is micelle?
Ans: Soap molecules form a structure where non-ionic ends are towards the oil droplet and the ionic ends face oxide. This is called mecelle.
73. What would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide (CO₂)?
Ans:
74. What are the two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us?
Ans: (i) Catenation.
(ii) Tetravalency of carbon.
75. What will be the formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane?
Ans:
76. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
(i) Ethanoic acid.
Ans:
(ii) Bromopentane.
Ans:
(iii) Butanone
Ans:
(iv) Hexanal.
Ans:
77. How would you name the following compounds?]
(i) CH₃- CH₂- Br
Ans: Bromoethane.
(ii)
Ans: Methanal.
(iii)
Ans: Hexyne.
78. Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid and oxidation reaction?
Ans: Conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid is an oxidation reaction because oxygen is added up to ethanol by oxidising agent like alkaline potassium permanganate or acidic potassium dichromate.
79. A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you tell why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used?
Ans: Mixture of ethyne and oxygen supplies enough heat for welding. But the mixture of ethyne and air which contains nitrogen and other substances can not supply sufficient heat required for welding. So, it is not used.
80. What are oxidising agents?
Ans: Oxidising agents are the substances which give oxygen to another substance or remove hydrogen from the substance.
81. Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent?
Ans: No, Detergent is equally effective in hard and soft water.
82. Draw electron dot structure for the following.
(a) Ethanoic acid.
Ans:
(b) H₂S
Ans:
(c) Propanone.
Ans:
(d) F₂
Ans:
83. What is homologous series?
Ans: The series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain is called homologous series.
84. Give examples of homologous series.
Ans: (i) Alkane (CH₄, C₂H₆, C₃H₈..)
(ii) Alcohol (CH₃OH, C₂H₅OH, C₃H₇OH..)
85. Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?
Ans: Because, carbon and its compounds produce a large amount of heat by combustion.
86. How scum is formed when hard water is treated with soap?
Ans: Hard water contains salts of calcium and magnesium. These salts reacts with soap and forms insoluble substance called scum.
87. What change will you observe if you lest soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?
Ans: Red litmus becomes blue since soap is alkaline.
88. What is hydrogenation?
Ans: When hydrogen is added to unsaturated hydrocarbon in presence of nickel catalyst, saturated hydrocarbon is produced. This process is called hydrogenation.
89. Write an industrial use of hydrogenation?
Ans: It is used to produced vanaspati ghee from vegetable oil by adding hydrogen in presence of nickel catalyst.
90. Which of the following hydrocarbon undergo addition reaction.
C₂H₆, C₃H₈, C₃H₆, C₂H₂ CH₄
Ans: C₃H₆, C₂H₂
