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Class 10 Computer Science Chapter 10 An Introduction To Object Oriented Programming
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AN INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Chapter – 10
COMPUTER SCIENCE
(a) What do you mean by programming paradigm?
Ans. Programming paradigms are different ways or styles in which a given program or programming language can be organized. Each paradigm consists of certain structures, features, and opinions about how common programming problems should be tackled.
(b) Define object.
Ans. An object is a basic unit of Object – Object-oriented programming and represents real-life entities. An object is a thing in the real world that has certain properties and methods.
(c) Define class.
Ans. Class is a blueprint or template from which objects are created. Class is a group of similar objects.
(d) What is encapsulation?
Ans. Encapsulation is one of the core concepts in object-oriented programming and describes the bundling of data and methods operating on this data into one unit.
(e) What is data hiding?
Ans. Data hiding is an object-oriented programming (OOP) technique specifically used to hide internal object details (i.e., data members). Data hiding guarantees exclusive data access to class members only and protects and maintains object integrity by preventing intended or unintended changes and intrusions.
(f) What is polymorphism?
Ans. Polymorphism is the key power of object-oriented programming. It is so important that languages that don’t support polymorphism cannot advertise themselves as Object-Oriented languages. Languages that possess classes but have no ability of polymorphism are called object-based languages.
(g) Name four object-oriented programming languages.
Ans. Java, C++. Python, PHP, JavaScript etc.
(h) Name two procedure-oriented programming language.
Ans. C, FORTRAN , BASIC, COBOL etc.
(i) Name the first object-oriented language.
Ans. Simula is the first object – oriented programming language.
(j) What is abstraction?
Ans. Abstraction is the process of hiding the internal details of an application from the outer world. Abstraction is used to describe things in simple terms.
II. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
(a) Mention four characteristics of procedure – oriented programming.
Ans. The characteristics of Procedure Oriented Programming are as follows:
- Emphasis is on functions (logical steps).
- Functions share global data.
- Data values can keep floating from one function to another.
- It uses top don approach of programming.
(b) Mention two advantages and two disadvantages of procedure – oriented language.
Ans. Advantages:
1. Simplicity: Procedure-oriented programming is often simpler to understand and implement, especially for beginners.
2. Modularization: It allows for code to be broken down into smaller, manageable procedures or functions, making it easier to maintain and debug.
3. Reusability: Procedures can be reused in different parts of the program, promoting code reusability.
4. Efficiency: In some cases, procedure-oriented programming can be more efficient in terms of memory usage and execution speed.
Disadvantages:
1. Limited Reusability: While procedures can be reused within a program, they are not easily reusable across different programs.
2. Lack of Encapsulation: Data and procedures are not encapsulated together, which can lead to potential security and maintenance issues.
3. Limited Scalability: As programs grow larger and more complex, it can become difficult to maintain and modify code in a procedure-oriented paradigm.
4. Code Duplication: Without proper encapsulation and reusability, there is a risk of code duplication, leading to maintenance challenges.
(c) Explain four features of OOP.
Ans. ● Encapsulation.
● Data abstraction.
● Inheritance.
● Polymorphism.
(d) List four advantages of OOP.
Ans. Advantages of OOP
- We can build the programs from standard working modules that communicate with one another, rather than having to start writing the code from scratch which leads to saving of development time and higher productivity,
- OOP language allows to break of the program into the bit-sized problems that can be solved easily (one object at a time).
- The new technology promises greater programmer productivity, better quality of software, and lesser maintenance costs.
- OOP systems can be easily upgraded from small to large systems.
- It is possible that multiple instances of objects co-exist without any interference,
- It is very easy to partition the work in a project based on objects.
- It is possible to map the objects in the problem domain to those in the program.
- The principle of data hiding helps the programmer build secure programs that cannot be invaded by the code in other parts of the program.
(e) Differentiate between procedure – oriented programming and object – oriented programming are:
Ans. The difference between procedure – oriented programming and object – oriented programming are:
| SI.No | Procedure Oriented Programming | Object Oriented Programming |
| (i) | In procedural programming, the program is divided into small parts called functions. | In object-oriented programming, the program is divided into small parts called objects. |
| (ii) | Procedural programming follows top down approach. | Object oriented programming follows bottom up approach. |
| (iii) | There is no access specifier in procedural programming. | Object oriented programming have access specifiers like private, public, protected etc. |
| (iv) | In procedural programming, overloading is not possible. | Overloading is possible in object oriented programming. |
| (v) | Procedural programming is based on unreal world. | Object oriented programming is based on real world. |
| (vi) | In procedural programming, function is more important than data. | In object oriented programming, data is more important than function. |
| (vii) | Examples: C, FORTRAN, Pascal, Basic, etc. | Examples: C++, Java, Python, C#, etc. |
