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SEBA Class 8 Science Chapter 6 Force and Pressure
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Force and Pressure
Chapter: 6
PART – I
EXERCISE
1. Give two examples each of situations in which you push or pull to change the state of motion of objects.
Ans: Examples of pushing:
(i) Pushing a door to open or close it.
(ii) Pushing a trolley.
Examples of pulling:
(i) Pulling a drawer to open it.
(ii) Pulling a rope in a tug-of-war game.
2. Give two examples of situations in which applied force causes a change in the shape of an object.
Ans: Here are two examples where applied force causes a change in the shape of an object:
Stretching the rubber band: Stretching a rubber band changes its shape because when you pull the rubber band, the applied force causes it to elongate and become thinner. When you release it, it returns to its original shape.
Plastic bottles: Plastic bottles change their shape when squeezed because the applied force compresses the bottle, causing it to deform temporarily. The plastic material bends or dents under the force, showing a visible change in shape.
3. Fill in the blanks in the following statements.
(a) To draw water from a well we have to ________ at the rope.
Ans: To draw water from a well we have to pull at the rope.
(b) A charged body ________ an uncharged body towards it.
Ans: A charged body attracts an uncharged body towards it.
(c) To move a loaded trolley we have to __________ it.
Ans: To move a loaded trolley we have to push or pull it.
(d) The north pole of a magnet ____________ the north pole of another magnet.
Ans: The north pole of a magnet repels the north pole of another magnet.
4. An archer stretches her bow while taking aim at the target. She then releases the arrow, which begins to move towards the target. Based on this information fill up the gaps in the following statements using the following terms.
Muscular, contact, non-contact, gravity, friction, shape, attraction.
(a) To stretch the bow, the archer applies a force that causes a change in its ________.
Ans: Shape.
(b) The force applied by the archer to stretch the bow is an example of _______ force.
Ans: Muscular.
(c) The type of force responsible for a change in the state of motion of the arrow is an example of a _______ force.
Ans: Contact.
(d) While the arrow moves towards its target, the forces acting on it are due to ________ and that due to ________ of air.
Ans: Gravity, Friction.
5. In the following situations identify the agent exerting the force and the object on which it acts. State the effect of the force in each case.
(a) Squeezing a piece of lemon between the fingers to extract its juice.
Ans: Agent: Fingers.
Object: Lemon.
Effect of Force: The shape of the lemon changes, and juice is extracted.
(b) Taking out paste from a toothpaste tube.
Ans: Agent: Fingers/hands.
Object: Toothpaste tube.
Effect of Force: The shape of the tube changes and toothpaste comes out.
(c) A load suspended from a spring while its other end is on a hook fixed to a wall.
Ans: Agent: Load (due to gravity).
Object: Spring.
Effect of Force: The spring stretches due to the weight of the load.
(d) An athlete making a high Jump to clear the bar at a certain height.
Ans: Agent: Muscles of the athlete
Object: Athlete’s body
Effect of Force: The athlete’s body is lifted off the ground and moves upward to cross the bar.
6. A blacksmith hammers a hot piece of iron while making a tool. How does the force due to hammering affect the piece of iron?
Ans: When a blacksmith hammers a hot piece of iron, the force from the hammer changes the shape of the iron. The iron becomes soft because it is hot, so it bends, flattens, or takes the desired form under the hammer’s blows. This force helps the blacksmith shape the iron into tools or other useful objects. Hammering also removes any air gaps inside the iron, making it stronger and more compact. Thus, hammering changes both the shape and strength of the iron.
7. An inflated balloon was pressed against a wall after it has been rubbed with a piece of synthetic cloth. It was found that the balloon sticks to the wall. What force might be responsible for the attraction between the balloon and the wall?
Ans: When a balloon is rubbed with a synthetic cloth, it becomes electrically charged due to the transfer of electrons. This causes the balloon to carry static electricity. When the charged balloon is pressed against the wall, it attracts the tiny, opposite charges in the wall’s surface. This attraction between the charged balloon and the neutral wall is due to electrostatic force. Because of this force, the balloon sticks to the wall and remains attached for some time.
8. Name the forces acting on a plastic bucket containing water held above ground level in your hand. Discuss why the forces acting on the bucket do not bring a change in its state of motion.
Ans: (i) Gravitational force (weight): The Earth pulls the bucket downward due to gravity.
(ii) Upward force by your hand: Your hand applies an upward force to hold the bucket and balance its weight.
Because these two forces are equal in size but opposite in direction, they cancel each other out.When forces cancel out, the bucket doesn’t move up or down it stays still.So, no change happens in how the bucket moves because the forces are balanced.Think of it like a tug-of-war where both teams pull with the same strength the rope (bucket) doesn’t move.
9. A rocket has been fired upwards to launch a satellite in its orbit. Name the two forces acting on the rocket immediately after leaving the launching pad.
Ans: The two forces acting on the rocket immediately after leaving the launching pad are:
(i) Gravitational Force (weight) pulling the rocket downward toward the Earth.
(ii) Thrust Force produced by the rocket engines pushing it upward.
10. When we press the bulb of a dropper with its nozzle kept in water, air in the dropper is seen to escape in the form of bubbles. Once we release the pressure on the bulb, water gets filled in the dropper. The rise of water in the dropper is due to:
(a) pressure of water.
(b) gravity of the earth.
(c) shape of rubber bulb.
(d) atmospheric pressure.
Ans: (d) atmospheric pressure.
This is because when the pressure on the bulb is released, the atmospheric pressure pushes the water up into the dropper to fill the space created by the released air.
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