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SEBA Class 8 Science Chapter 10 Cell – Structure And Functions
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Cell – Structure And Functions
Chapter: 10
PART – II
EXERCISE
1. Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
(a) Unicellular organisms have one-celled body. (T/F)
Ans: True.
(b) Muscle cells are branched.(T/F)
Ans: False.
(c) The basic living unit of an organism is an organ.(T/F)
Ans: False.
(d) Amoeba has irregular shape.(T/F)
Ans: True.
2. Make a sketch of the human nerve cell. What function do nerve cells perform?
Ans:
Function: Nerve cells (neurons) receive and transmit messages in the form of electrical impulses to and from the brain and other parts of the body.
3. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Cytoplasm.
Ans: Cytoplasm is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules. Some intracellular organelles, such the nucleus and mitochondria, are enclosed by membranes that separate them from the cytoplasm.
(b) Nucleus.
Ans: A nucleus, as related to genomics, is the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes. An array of holes, or pores, in the nuclear membrane allows for the selective passage of certain molecules (such as proteins and nucleic acids) into and out of the nucleus.
4. Which part of the cell contains organelles?
Ans: Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance present between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It is made mostly of water and proteins. All the important parts of the cell, like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, etc., float in the cytoplasm. These are called organelles, and each of them does a special job for the cell. The cytoplasm not only holds these organelles in place but also helps in moving materials within the cell and supports many chemical reactions needed for life.
5. Make sketches of animal and plant cells. State three differences between them.
Ans:
| Animal cells | Plant cells |
| Has a cell wall outside the cell membrane | No cell wall present |
| Contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis | No chloroplasts |
| Has a large central vacuole | Has small vacuoles or sometimes none |
6. State the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Ans: The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes are:
| Basic of differance | Eukaryotes | Prokaryotes |
| Nucleus | Have a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane | Do not have a true nucleus; genetic material lies freely in the cell |
| Cell Size | Usually larger in size (10–100 µm) | Usually smaller in size (1–10 µm) |
| Cell Organelles | Have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, etc. | Lack membrane-bound organelles |
7. Where are chromosomes found in a cell? State their function.
Ans: Chromosomes are found inside the nucleus of a cell, which is the control center of the cell. Each chromosome is made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and proteins.
Function of Chromosomes:
Chromosomes carry genes, which are small units of heredity. These genes decide the traits we inherit from our parents, such as eye color, height, hair type, and even certain health conditions. Besides passing on inherited traits, genes also control the functioning of our body, like how cells grow, divide, and respond to signals.
In simple words, chromosomes are like instruction manuals that tell our body how to grow, develop, and function properly.
8. ‘Cells are the basic structural units of living organisms’. Explain.
Ans: All living things, from tiny microbes to big animals, are made up of cells. Cells come together to form tissues, tissues form organs, and organs work together to form the whole organism. That’s why we say the cell is the basic unit of life.
9. Explain why chloroplants are found only in plant cells?
Ans: Chloroplasts contain a green substance called chlorophyll, which helps plants make their own food using sunlight. This process is called photosynthesis. Animals don’t make their food, so their cells don’t have chloroplasts. this are shor give little long
10. Complete the crossword with the help of clues given below.
Ans:
Across:
1. This is necessary for photosynthesis.
3. Term for component present in the cytoplasm.
6. The living substance in the cell.
8. Units of inheritance present on the chromosomes.
Down:
1. Green plastids.
2. Formed by collection of tissues.
4. It separates the contents of the cell from the surrounding medium.
5. Empty structure in the cytoplasm.
7. A group of cells.
Ans: Across:
1. Chlorophyll – Needed for photosynthesis.
3. Organelle – Parts inside the cytoplasm.
6. Protoplasm – The living material in a cell.
8. Genes – Carry inheritance info
Down:
1. Chloroplasts – Green plastids.
2. Organ – Formed by tissues.
4. Membrane – Separates the cell from outside.
5. Vacuole – Empty structure in cytoplasm.
7. Tissue – Group of similar cells.
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