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NIOS Class 12 Political Science Chapter 19 National Political Parties
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National Political Parties
Chapter: 19
POLITICAL SCIENCE
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.1
Q. Fill in the blanks:
(a) A political party is an organised body of people whose main aim is to ………… (acquire and retain power / pressurise government)
Ans. Acquire and retain power.
(b) Members of a political party …………. common principles, goals and philosophy. (share / don’t share).
Ans. Share.
(c) Parties serve as a link between the ………. and the government. (citizens / institutions).
Ans. citizens.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.2
Q. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Erstwhile Soviet Union had ………… (one-party system / multi-party system)
Ans. one party system.
(b) Germany has a ……..… (bi-party system / multi-party system).
Ans. multi-party system.
(c) Two main parties of the UK are …………. (Conservative and Labour Parties / Democratic and Liberal parties).
Ans. Conservative and Labour parties.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.3
Q. Fill in the blanks:
1. The phase 1952- 1967 in the Indian Party System is known as …………..
Ans. One party dominance.
2. From 1975 to 1977 was known as the ………… period.
Ans. Authoritarian.
3. From 1977 to 1988 is known as the Janata Party phase of …………. politics.
Ans. Coalitional Politics.
4. The United Front government was a combination of ………….. parties.
Ans. Thirteen.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.4
Q. Fill in the blanks:
(a) National party should have secured four per cent valid votes in at least …………. states. (Four / five)
Ans. Four.
(b) CPI is a …………. party. (national / regional).
Ans. National.
(c) DMK is a …………. party. (national /regional)
Ans. Regional.
(d) National Conference is a .……….. party. (national / regional)
Ans. Regional.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.5
1. Indian National Congress was formed in the year ……………. (1885 / 1895 / 1975).
Ans. 1885.
2. When Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership Congress became an organisation of the …………… (common people / moderate / rich)
Ans. Common People.
3. National emergency was declared in …………. (1975 / 1976 / 1977).
Ans. 1975.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 19.6
Q. Fill in the blanks:
(a) In the 1985 general elections BJP secured ………….. seats. (2, 3, 4)
Ans. 2.
(b) CPI formed its first state government in the state of ……………. (Kerala, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh)
Ans. Kerala.
(c) BSP’s influence lies in the state of ………… (Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal)
Ans. Uttar Pradesh.
TERMINAL EXERCISES
Q.1. Describe the essential features of a political party.
Ans. Human beings have always organised themselves in groups and larger formation. Political parties have emerged as one of those human organisations. A political party is an organised group of persons who have common views on political and economic problems of the country and who try to capture the power by peaceful means. There are three types of party systems:
(i) Single Party System.
(ii) Bi-party system.
(iii) Multi party system.
Some of the essential features of a political party are :
(i) Public forming a political party have certain degree of agreement on fundamental principles and political matters or issues.
(ii) They seek to achieve their objectives and goals through peaceful and Constitutional means.
(iii) A political party aims at furthering national interests rather than communal, sectional or regional interests.
(iv) It seeks to capture and retain political power to enable it to promote the interests of the people.
(v) Political party which run the government are called the ruling party. In a coalition government, there may be more than one ruling party. Those who sit in the opposition and criticise and analyse the performance of the ruling party/parties generally or on specific issues are called opposition parties.
(vi) Political party must be an organised body of people with a formal membership.
(vii) It must have clearly spelt out policies and programmes.
(viii) Its members should agree with its ideology, policies and programmes.
(ix) It must aim at getting power through the democratic process.
(x) It must have a clear and acceptable leadership. and
(xi) It must focus on broad issues and major areas of government policies.
Q.2. Discuss about the major national political parties of India.
Ans. India has two types of political parties -national parties and regional parties. National parties are those which, generally, have influence all over the country. It is not necessary that a national party will have equal strength in all the states; it varies from state to state. A party is recognized as a national party by the Election Commission on the basis of a formula. The political party which has secured not less than four percent of the total valid votes in the previous general elections at least in four states, is given the status of a national party.
The number of national parties has been changing. At present Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party, Communist Party of India (Marxist) [CPI(M)], Communist Party of India (CPI), Bahujan Samaj Party, Janata Dal (S) and Janata Dal (U) are national parties.
(For further detail please consult Long Answer Type Questions from 1 to 4)
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Choose the correct answer:
Q.1. In the 1984 general elections Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) secured …………
(a) 2.
(b) 3.
(c) 4.
(d) 5.
Ans. (a) 2.
Q.2. CPI formed its first state government in the state of:
(a) West Bengal.
(b) Mizoram.
(c) Andhra Pradesh.
(d) Kerala.
Ans. (d) Kerala.
Q.3. BSPs influence lies in the state of:
(a) West Bengal.
(b) Tamil Nadu.
(c) Uttar Pradesh.
(d) Andhra Pradesh.
Ans. (c) Uttar Pradesh.
Q 4. National Emergency was declared in:
(a) 1975.
(b) 1976.
(c) 1977.
(d) 1974.
Ans. (a) 1975.
Q.5. Under Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership Congress became an organisation of the:
(a) Common people.
(b) Moderate.
(c) Rich.
(d) Radicals.
Ans. (a) Common people.
Q.6. Indian National Congress was formed in the year:
(a) 1873.
(b) 1885.
(c) 1895.
(d) 1975.
Ans.(b) 1885.
Q.7. The United Front government was a combination of …………… parties.
(a) 13.
(b) 23.
(c) 03.
(d) 02.
Ans. (a) 13.
