NCERT Class 12 Home Science Chapter 10 Care and Maintenance of Fabrics in Institutions Solutions, CBSE Class 12 Home Science Question Answer in English Medium to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapter NCERT Class 12 Home Science Chapter 10 Care and Maintenance of Fabrics in Institutions Notes and select needs one.
NCERT Class 12 Home Science Chapter 10 Care and Maintenance of Fabrics in Institutions
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Care and Maintenance of Fabrics in Institutions
Chapter – 10
| PART – ⅠⅠ HUMAN ECOLOGY AND FAMILY SCIENCES |
| Unit – IV Fabric and Apparel |
Review Questions:
1. What are the two aspects of care and maintenance of fabrics?
Ans: The two aspects of care and maintenance of fabrics are mentioned below:
(i) Physical damage should be avoided at priority. Any damage incurred should be rectified constantly.
(ii) The clothes having stains should be cleaned such that the cloth retain its old fresh look and its textual and visual quality.
2. What are the factors which affect the process of cleaning of fabrics?
Ans: The factors affect the process of cleaning of fabrics are mentioned below:
(i) Nature of the Fabric:
(a) Different fabrics (e.g., cotton, wool, silk, synthetic) have varying resistance to chemicals, water, and mechanical action.
(b) Delicate fabrics may require gentle cleaning methods.
(ii) Type of Dirt or Stain:
(a) The type of stain (e.g., oil-based, protein-based, dye-based) affects the choice of cleaning agents and methods.
(b) Insoluble dirt like mud needs physical agitation, while greasy stains may require detergents or solvents.
(iii) Water Quality:
(a) Hard Water: Reduces the effectiveness of detergents due to the presence of minerals like calcium and magnesium.
(b) Soft Water: Enhances the cleaning process by improving detergent solubility and lathering.
(iv) Temperature:
(a) Warm water helps dissolve grease and oils and increases the effectiveness of detergents.
(b) Heat-sensitive fabrics or dyes may require cold water to prevent damage.
(v) Detergent or Cleaning Agent:
(a) The composition of the cleaning agent (e.g., surfactants, enzymes) determines its effectiveness on specific stains.
(b) Biodegradable or mild detergents are preferred for delicate fabrics or environmental concerns.
(vi) Mechanical Action:
(a) Agitation in washing machines or manual scrubbing helps dislodge dirt from the fabric surface.
(b) Excessive mechanical action may damage fragile fabrics.
3. How are the different sections organised in a commercial or institutional laundry?
Ans: In a commercial or institutional laundry, the workflow is typically organized into distinct sections to ensure efficiency and maintain hygiene standards. The collection and sorting area is the starting point, where soiled laundry is gathered, sorted by type, color, and degree of soiling. This is followed by the washing section, equipped with industrial washing machines designed to handle large loads. Depending on the fabric and stains, specific washing programs are used. Next is the drying area, where dryers or drying rooms process the cleaned laundry. After drying, items move to the ironing and folding section, where specialized equipment like flatwork ironers or garment steamers is used for pressing and finishing. The inspection and mending area is responsible for quality control, ensuring that all items are clean and in good condition. Finally, the processed laundry is sent to the storage and dispatch section, where it is packed and prepared for delivery or redistribution. This systematic organization helps streamline operations, save time, and maintain high standards of cleanliness and care.
4. What are the differences in processing laundry work in commercial laundries and hospital laundries?
Ans: The concept of individual workers grew up into ‘Laundries’ or ‘Drycleaning’ shops. Here the customer takes the articles for cleaning and comes back a few days later to collect finished articles. The customer may be an individual or an institution. Bigger laundries often have several centers or shops in different parts of the city. Some laundries also provide services of transport of material to and from the customer. This is specially so in the case of institutions like hostels, small hotels, restaurants and also small hospitals and nursing homes.
The commercial laundries are organised in different sections. Each section deals with a specific job, such as washing, water extraction, drying, pressing and ironing. Some laundries may have a separate section for hospital and institutional work, and another for individual and personal work. They also may have separate sections for dry-cleaning, for fibre specific articles like woolens, silks and synthetics, and for special articles like blankets and carpets. Some laundries also have arrangement for dyeing and special finishes like zari polishing. Most laundries would have units for inspection, sorting out of materials and taking care of pretreatments like mending, repairing and stain removal.
These laundries have bigger equipment and in larger numbers. The washing machines have the capacity to handle 100 kg or more of load in one cycle (as against 5–10 kgs in domestic washing machines). They have separate machines or dry-cleaning. Other equipments include hydro extractors, driers, flat bed ironing and pressing equipment, roller ironing and calendaring machines, folding and packaging tables and trolleys to carry material from one place to another. The commercial establishments have a system of keeping record. When the article is received, it is checked and any damage or special care requirement is recorded. The customer is given an invoice for the kind and number of articles received and the date of delivery. System of code tags matching the invoice helps to identify the items of each customer or invoice.
