NCERT Class 12 Home Science Chapter 1 Work, Livelihood and Career Solutions, CBSE Class 12 Home Science Question Answer in English Medium to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapter NCERT Class 12 Home Science Chapter 1 Work, Livelihood and Career Notes and select needs one.
NCERT Class 12 Home Science Chapter 1 Work, Livelihood and Career
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Work, Livelihood and Career
Chapter – 1
| PART – Ⅰ HUMAN ECOLOGY AND FAMILY SCIENCES |
| Unit – Ⅰ Work, Livelihood and Career |
Review Questions:
1. What are the different ways in which work can be perceived?
Ans: The different ways in which work can be perceived are mentioned below:
(i) Work as a job and livelihood: Here work is mainly a source of income enabling desired outcomes; for instance, doing a job to support one’s family. The person finds job satisfaction primarily from the income earned.
(ii) Work as a career: The person views his/her work as a path to progressively ascend professionally in terms of higher posts/positions, status, pay, and responsibility. A person who works for a career will dedicate considerable amounts of time and energy to the work, because these are temporary costs of future gain. Such a person gets job satisfaction from continuing advancement and achievements.
(iii) Work as a career: The person views his/her work as a path to progressively ascend professionally in terms of higher posts/positions, status, pay, and responsibility. A person who works for a career will dedicate considerable amounts of time and energy to the work, because these are temporary costs of future gain. Such a person gets job satisfaction from continuing advancement and achievements. Seeing work as a calling, a person derives satisfaction from the work itself. The person feels called to do the work based on inner drives and the feeling that the work derives from an inner or higher direction.
2. Differentiate between job and career.
Ans:
| Job | Career |
| A job is a paid position that someone may leave at any time. | A career is a series of jobs that are related to one another, and that someone may have for many years. |
| Focus Task-oriented: Specific responsibilities and duties related to a particular position. Often involves routine tasks with limited variety. | Goal-oriented: Broader professional development with a focus on achieving long-term objectives. May include a variety of tasks and responsibilities contributing to overall career goals. |
| Limited flexibility in roles and tasks. Job roles are often well-defined, and there may be limited room for exploration or deviation. | Opportunities to explore various roles and responsibilities within the chosen field. Flexibility to adapt to changing industry demands and personal preferences. |
3. What is meant by meaningful work?
Ans: “Meaningful work means to me that your activities and what you’re doing connects to a larger purpose.” “When you do something, not for your own benefit, but helping someone else. And if you are helping a large amount of people, then it’s even more meaningful.”
Review Questions:
1. What do you understand by the terms gender and sex?
Ans: Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions and identities of girls, women, boys, men, and gender diverse people. It influences how people perceive themselves and each other, how they act and interact, and the distribution of power and resources in society.
Sex refers to a set of biological attributes in humans and animals. It is primarily associated with physical and physiological features including chromosomes, gene expression, hormone levels and function, and reproductive/sexual anatomy. Sex is usually categorized as female or male but there is variation in the biological attributes that comprise sex and how those attributes are expressed.
2. Who are home makers? What is their contribution in the economy of the family?
Ans: Home makers are mostly women who literally don’t do any job, but in reality do most of the job. They are mostly married ladies who do all the household work day and night. Their work is really very much hard, still their work doesn’t get any recognition in the society. Neither they get any economic benefits out of it, unlike their husband who get paid for the job outside.
Apparently it’s like their work is uneconomical, but it is not so. They are the moral support for their husband whose working efficiency is very low without them. They reduce his working load by taking all the household works on their shoulder. They deserve great respect, care and love.
3. How will the women get recognition in the family and the society?
Ans: Women can get recognition through education. A lady can get acknowledgment in her family and society through training. A knowledgeable lady, taking care of both house and work is valued. She would then be able to settle on her own life decisions without being subject to anybody for monetary help.
4. How are women guaranteed equality in India?
Ans: In India, women are guaranteed equality through constitutional provisions, legislative measures, and government initiatives. The Constitution of India enshrines gender equality as a fundamental right, ensuring that all citizens are treated equally before the law. Article 14 guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws, while Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. Additionally, Article 16 ensures equality of opportunity in public employment, and Article 39(a) directs the state to ensure that men and women have equal access to means of livelihood. Legal frameworks, such as the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976, and the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013, protect women’s rights in various spheres. Moreover, affirmative actions like reservations for women in local governance under the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments empower women in decision-making roles. These provisions, combined with efforts to improve education, healthcare, and economic opportunities, form a robust framework to promote gender equality in India.
5. What are the government initiatives in favour of women?
Ans: The Government of India has taken various steps to ensure empowerment of women through their social, educational, economic and political uplifting through various schematic interventions. While the schemes implemented by the Government like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP), Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban & Rural), the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP), Pradhan Mantri Vyay Vandana Yojana (PMVVY) and Scheme for Adolescent Girls (SAG) support women and girls to be socially secure, the initiatives like Samagra Shiksha, Scheme of National Overseas Scholarship, Babu Jagjivan Ram Chhatrawas Yojna, Swachh Vidyalaya Mission, etc. Ensure that schools are girl-friendly especially for vulnerable sections of society and have adequate facilities in place to fulfill their special requirements.
Review Questions:
1. Explain the terms:
(a) Quality of work life.
Ans: Quality of work life in short QWL is a popular term today. It helps measure whether an organization’s job environment is favorable for its employees’ work-life balance. Quality of work life is both a goal and an ongoing process for achieving your goals. QWL is the commitment of any organization to improve the work environment: creating more involving, satisfying, and effective jobs and work environments for people at all levels of the organization. As a process, QWL calls for efforts to realize this goal through the active involvement of people throughout the organization. Carlson (1983) QWL covers a person’s feelings about every dimension of life, including personal or professional. Primarily economic rewards and benefits, security, working conditions, organizational and interpersonal relationships, and their intrinsic personal value in one’s life.
(b) Life skills.
Ans: Life skills are abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life. Life skills help people to deal with the demands and challenges of everyday life. They are important because they apply across the life span and promote and protect life, health and well-being in all situations. According to the World Health Organisation, life skills are thinking, coping, and social skills, which are abilities that can enhance people’s interactions with others and with the environment, and which may even give rise to greater individual resilience in situations of adversity.
2. What is meant by healthy work environment? How can it be created?
Ans: A healthy workplace is more than just safe it considers health practices, the physical work environment and the psychosocial environment. Natural light, ergonomics, green space, noise, food choices, exercise, commuting, fairness and flexibility are all important to employees.
(i) Promote Safety and Cleanliness:
(a) Ensure the workplace complies with health and safety standards.
(b) Maintain a clean and organized environment.
(ii) Foster Positive Communication:
(a) Encourage open dialogue between management and employees.
(b) Conduct regular meetings to address concerns and share updates.
(iii) Build a Culture of Respect and Inclusion:
(a) Implement anti-discrimination policies.
(b) Celebrate diversity and organize team-building activities.
Review Questions:
1. What is meant by dignity of labour?
Ans: The dignity of labour or the dignity of work is the philosophical holding that all types of jobs are respected equally, and no occupation is considered superior and none of the jobs should be discriminated on any basis.
2. Explain briefly the role of values and ethics in professional life.
Ans: The role of values and ethics in professional life are mentioned below:
(i) Decision-Making: Ethical principles help professionals make fair and responsible decisions, especially in challenging situations, ensuring actions align with moral standards and organizational goals.
(ii) Reputation and Credibility: Adhering to strong values and ethical practices enhances an individual’s and organization’s reputation, contributing to long-term success.
(iii) Conflict Resolution: Ethics provide a framework for resolving disputes and conflicts fairly, maintaining harmony and professionalism in the workplace.
(iv) Sustainability: Ethical practices ensure that professionals consider the broader impact of their actions on society, the environment, and future generations.
