Class 12 Political Science Important Chapter 13 The Crisis of Democratic Order Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters ASSEB Class 12 Political Science Additional Solutions in English and select need one. AHSEC Class 12 Political Science Additional Solutions Download PDF. HS 2nd Year Political Science Important Solutions.
Class 12 Political Science Important Chapter 13 The Crisis of Democratic Order
Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. ASSEB Class 12 Political Science Additional Question Answer are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given HS 2nd Political Science Important Solutions English Medium for All Chapters, You can practice these here.
The Crisis of Democratic Order
Chapter: 13
| PART – B: POLITICS IN INDIA SINCE INDEPENDENCE |
| IMPORTANT QUESTION AND ANSWER |
Answer the Following Question:
1. Who was the leader of the opposition during the Emergency?
Ans: Jayaprakash Narayan (JP).
2. Which event led to the imposition of Emergency in 1975?
Ans: Political unrest, legal challenges, and opposition movements led to the Emergency.
3. Who was appointed as the Chief Justice of India in 1973, sparking controversy?
Ans: Justice A.N. Ray.
4. What was the role of the Shah Commission?
Ans: To investigate the excesses committed during the Emergency.
5. Which article of the Constitution allows the proclamation of Emergency?
Ans: Article 352.
6. What was the outcome of the 1977 Lok Sabha elections?
Ans: The Congress Party was defeated, and the Janata Party formed the government.
7. What were the economic challenges faced by India during the early 1970s?
Ans: During the early 1970s, India faced severe economic challenges. The country was suffering from high inflation, with prices increasing by 23% in 1973 and 30% in 1974. The Bangladesh crisis and the subsequent war with Pakistan placed a significant strain on India’s economy. There was a rise in oil prices in the international market, leading to higher commodity prices. Industrial growth was slow, unemployment was high, and the monsoon failure in 1972-1973 led to a decline in agricultural productivity, further worsening the situation.
8. Explain the Gujarat and Bihar movements and their impact on Indian politics.
Ans: The Gujarat and Bihar movements were crucial in shaping the political climate of India in the 1970s. In Gujarat, students protested against rising prices and corruption in 1974, leading to widespread unrest. The protests gained support from opposition parties, eventually forcing the government to hold fresh elections. In Bihar, students, led by Jayaprakash Narayan, protested against corruption, unemployment, and food scarcity. The Bihar movement was a call for “total revolution,” and it gained national attention. These movements mobilized the opposition and created a strong anti-Congress sentiment, ultimately leading to the Congress’ defeat in the 1977 elections.
9. What was the conflict between the government and the judiciary during the Emergency period?
Ans: The conflict between the government and the judiciary intensified during the Emergency period. The government, led by Indira Gandhi, often found the judiciary to be obstructing its policies. The Supreme Court rejected several constitutional amendments made by the government, particularly those that aimed to reduce fundamental rights. The most notable conflict arose when the government superseded senior judges and appointed Justice A.N. Ray as Chief Justice, a move seen as politically motivated. This strained relations between the executive and judiciary, leading to an institutional crisis.
10. What were the reasons for the declaration of the Emergency in 1975?
Ans: The Emergency was declared on June 25, 1975, due to political instability, legal challenges to Indira Gandhi’s election, and widespread unrest across the country. The Allahabad High Court had declared her election invalid, and political opposition, led by Jayaprakash Narayan, was gaining momentum. In response, the government cited internal disturbances and invoked Article 352 of the Constitution. The proclamation allowed the government to suspend fundamental rights and rule by decree, effectively silencing the opposition and press.
11. Discuss the effects of the Emergency on civil liberties in India.
Ans: The Emergency had a severe impact on civil liberties in India. Fundamental rights were suspended, and individuals could no longer challenge unlawful detention through habeas corpus petitions. Many opposition leaders and political activists were arrested without trial. Press censorship was imposed, and newspapers had to get prior approval for publishing content. Public protests and strikes were banned. The government used preventive detention laws to detain political opponents, leading to widespread violations of personal freedoms.
12. What were the major political movements in India during the 1970s?
Ans: Major political movements during the 1970s included the Gujarat student protests of 1974 against rising prices and corruption, and the Bihar movement led by Jayaprakash Narayan. The Bihar movement called for a “total revolution” to address issues like unemployment, food scarcity, and corruption. Both movements were significant in mobilizing opposition against Indira Gandhi’s government, leading to the eventual formation of the Janata Party and the 1977 elections.
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