Class 12 Biology Chapter 4 Reproductive Health The answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters Assam Board HS 2nd Year Biology Chapter 4 Reproductive Health Question Answer.
Class 12 Biology Chapter 4 Reproductive Health
Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board Class 12 Biology Chapter 4 Reproductive Health Solutions for All Subjects, You can practice these here.
(E). Short Answer Question (Three Marks Each) :
Q.1. The present level of population growth in india is a matter of concern. Mention some ways to check it.
Ans : Some ways to check population growth are :
(i) To motivate smaller families by using various contraceptive methods.
(ii) Raising of marriageable age of the female to 18 years and that of males to 21 years.
(iii) Incentive give with small families by the Government.
Q.2. Suggest the reproduction related aspects in which counseling should be provided at the school level.
Ans : It is very much essential to give reproduction related aspects at school level because it provides right information about reproductive organs, adolescence and related changes, safe and hygienic sexual practices- sexually transmitted diseases (STD) AIDS etc. would help people especially those in the adolescent age group to lead a reproductively healthy life. This also provides right information to the young misconceptions about sex related aspects. So sex education should be introduced at school levels.
Q.3. What do you understand by STD. Name the STD in man, How can they be prevented?
Ans : Diseases or infections which are transmitted though sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transmitted disease.
Three STD in man are :
(i) Gonorrhoea : Spread by sexual contact with infected persons.
(ii) Syphilis : It can spread from mother to foetus.
(iii) Trichomoniasis : It is spreading from vagina to the males at the time of intercourse.
Preventive measures of STDS :
(i) Avoid sex with unknown partners.
(i) Always use condom during intercourse or coitus.
(iii) Consult a qualified doctor for early detection and treatment, in case of doubt.
Q.4. Write a short note on test tube baby.
Ans : The technique of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro development followed by the embryo transfer (ET) in the uterus of the normal female to start the development and finally leading to normal birth is called test tube baby.
It involves the following steps :
(a) Removal of unfertilized ovum from the reproductive tract of a female.
(b) Ovum is kept under aseptic conditions.
(c) Fusion of sperm and ovum in a culture medium, outside the female body, to form zygote.
(d) Zygote is stimulated to develop in vitro upto 32 celled stage.
(e) Developing embryo is implanted on the endometrium of the uterus at 32 celled stage. So the pregnancy in the woman starts and further development of the child continues in the womb till it is born.
Significance:
(i) It is a boon to infertile mother.
(ii) It can be used for men with oligospermia (low sperm count).
(iii) Old superior female can denote the egg or ovum.
(iv) Embryos can be frozen and preserved for about 10 years.
| Sl. No. | CONTENTS |
| Chapter 1 | Reproduction in Organisms |
| Chapter 2 | Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants |
| Chapter 3 | Human Reproduction |
| Chapter 4 | Reproductive Health |
| Chapter 5 | Principles of Inheritance and Variation |
| Chapter 6 | Molecular Basis of Inheritance |
| Chapter 7 | Evolution |
| Chapter 8 | Human Health and Disease |
| Chapter 9 | Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production |
| Chapter 10 | Microbes in Human Welfare |
| Chapter 11 | Biotechnology: Principles And Processes |
| Chapter 12 | Biotechnology and its Applications |
| Chapter 13 | Organisms and Populations |
| Chapter 14 | Ecosystem |
| Chapter 15 | Biodiversity and Conservation |
| Chapter 16 | Bioresources of Assam |
| Chapter 17 | Environmental Issues |
Q.5.Write note on barrier method of birth control.
Ans : Barrier method prevent the contact of sprm and ovum physically and these are of following types :
(a) Condom : These are rubber or Latex sheaths which are put on penis before copulation. It is commonly called as Nirodh’. It prevents the deposition of sperms in the vagina and also prevent the spreading of STDS and AIDS.
Female condom is also introduced in India which was used in USA, Brazil, South America etc. earlier.
(b) Cervical Cap : These are made by rubber and are filled in vagina to check the entry of sperm which are reusable.
(c) Intrauterine device : These are of copper T and loops which are filled in the uterus and prevent the fertilization of the egg.
Q.6. Why medical termination of pregnancy is done.
Ans : Nearly 45-50 million pregnancies are performed in a year all over the world. MTP or medical termination of pregnancy has a significant role in decreasing the population though it is not legally accepted. MTP was legalised in 1971 to decrease the population size. It is meant to get rid of unwanted or accidental pregnancies either due to casual unprotected intercourse or failure of contraceptive used during the intercourse or rapes. It is essential to protect the mothers health where continuous pregnancy is found to occur.
Q.7. Briefly describe gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT) technique.
Ans : GIFT or Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer technique is employed for the females with prolonged sterility but having at least one patent fallopian tube. This is especially useful where the fimbriae fails to capture the ovum or the females having sperms antibodies in their cervical secretions. It involves the transfer of mashed sperms and harvested ova to the ampulla of the fallopian tube with the help of a laparoscope. Fertilization and cleavage occur in the fallopian tube.
(F) Long Answer Question (Five Marks Each) :
Q.1. What are the programmes listed under the maternity and child health and family planning.
Ans : Maternity, child health and family planning are included under the programme Reproductive and child health which create awareness among people alert various reproduction related aspects and provides facilities and support for building up a reproductive healthy society.
Government as well as many non governmental agencies with the aid of audio-visual and print media have taken various steps to create awareness among the reproduction related aspects. Introduction of sex education in school should also be encouraged and to remove the misconceptions and myths about sex related aspects.
Some special programmes have introduced like ban of amniocentesis, immunization against polio, measles etc.
Q.2. Why is the development of a rational outlook on birth control necessary in India today? Write about the different methods of birth control?
Ans : Birth control in India is very much essential which lead to an absolute scarcity of the basic needs i.e. food, shelter and clothing.
To get rid of unexpected pregnancy several birth control method or techniques have been introduced and they are discussed below:
(a) Natural or Traditional Method :
(i) To Abstain : It involves refraining from coital activity.
(ii) Coitus Interruptus : It involves the withdrawing penis by male before ejaculation.
(iii) Rhythm Period : A weak before and a weak after the menstrual phase is considered to be safe periods for sexual intercourse.
(iv) Lactation Period : During Lactation period female has not chance of conception.
(b) Surgical Method :
(i) Male Sterilization : Contraction or removal of testis or cutting of vas deferens (sperm carrying duct) called vasectomy are common method.
(ii) Female Sterilization It includes ovariectomy (removal of ovaries), Tubectomy (Cutting of Fallopian Tubes) and Tubal ligation (blocking of Fallopian tubes by laparoscopy.
(c) Chemical Method :
(i) Spermicidal ; Tablets, jellies, paste or creams are introduced in the vagina before coital activity which kill the sperms.
(ii) Oral Devices : Birth control pills contains synthetic progestin which D. (Daily), Saheli (weekly)
(d) Mechanical Barrier Method :
(i) Condoms : These are rubber or latex sheaths which are put on penis before intercourse. Now a days female condom is also introduced to prevent the physical contact of sperms and ovum.
(ii) Diaphragm and Cervical Cap : These are also made by rubbers and fitted in vagina of female to avoid the entry of sperms into uterus.
(iii) Intrauterine Devices : These include copper-T and loops which are fitted in the uterus and prevent the fertilization of the egg.
Q.3. Define assisted reproductive technologies. Explain various special techniques used in assisted reproductive technology.
Ans : Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) which include the following techniques :
(i) Test Tube Baby : The technique of in vitro fertilization and in vitro development followed by the embryo transfer in the uterus of the normal female to start the development and finally leading to normal birth, is called test tube baby.
(ii) GIFT : Gamete intra fallopian transfer is the technique which is employed for females with prolonged sterility but having at least one patent fallopian tube. It involves the transfer of washed sperms and harvested ova to the ampulla of the fallopian tube with the help of a laparoscope.
(iii) ICSI : Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection is the technique, where sperm is directly injected into the ovum in culture medium in the lab and then zygote or embryo is transferred in the fallopian tube or uterus of the female.
(iv) AI : Artificial insemination is the technique where semens of the male partners are collected, concentrated and finally introduced into the vagaina artificially.
Q.4. Describe any five suitable reason to justify the introduction of sex-education among school-going children.
Ans : Sex education is very much essential and benificial because of the following reasons :
(a) The children will be discouraged from myths and misconception about sex and sexuality.
(b) Proper knowledge of reproductive organs, sexual behaviours.
(c) To know about sexual abuse and sex related crime.
(d) To stop the spreading sexually transmitted diseases like AIDS.
(e) To have a responsible, safe and satisfying sex life.
Q.5. Discuss how problems of infertility can be addressed?
Ans : Infertility is the inability to conceive or produce children even after two years of unprotected sexual cohabitation.
During the last one decade, great effort has been directed to diagnosis and corrective Treatment of some of these disorders. Now Assisted Reproductive technology (ART) which include the following techniques
(a) Test tube baby : The technique of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro development followed by the embryo Transfer (ET) in the uterus of the normal female to start the development and finally leading to normal birth is called test tube baby.
(i) It is boon to intertile mothers.
(ii) It is used for men with oligospermia.
(b) Gamete intra-Fallopian Transfer (GIFT): This technique is employed for the females with prolonged sterility but having at least one patent fallopian tube. This is especially useful where the fimbriae fail to capture the ovum or the females having sperm antibodies in their cervical secretion. It involves the transfer of washed sperms and harvested ova to apula of the fallopian tube with the help of a laparoscope. Fertilization and cleavage occur in the fallopian tube.
(c) the Intra- cytoplasmic sperm Injection (ICSI): In this technique, sperm is directly injected the oven in culture medium in the lab and then zygote or embryo is transferred in the fallopian tube or uterus of the female.
(d) AI (Artificial Insemination) : This technique is followed when either the male partner fails to inseminate or suffer from oligospermia. In this technique, semen of the male partner is collected, concentrated and finally introduced in the vagina of the female. If the collected semen is in troduced into uterus of the female, then it is called intra-uterine insemination (IIUI). If the donor of the semen is husband, then it is called artificial insemination husband (AIH).
Hi, I’m Dev Kirtonia, Founder & CEO of Dev Library. A website that provides all SCERT, NCERT 3 to 12, and BA, B.com, B.Sc, and Computer Science with Post Graduate Notes & Suggestions, Novel, eBooks, Biography, Quotes, Study Materials, and more.
