NIOS Class 12 Environmental Science Chapter 25 Environment Related Institutions And Organisations

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NIOS Class 12 Environmental Science Chapter 25 Environment Related Institutions And Organisations

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Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Environmental Science Chapter 25 Environment Related Institutions And Organisations Solutions, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Environmental Science Solutions for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Environment Related Institutions And Organisations

Chapter: 25

Module 7: Environmental Management

Textual Question Answer

INTEXT QUESTIONS 25.1

1.  Name the national environmental agencies.

Ans: (i) Ministry of Environment and Forests.

(ii) Central Pollution Control board.

(iii) State Pollution Control Board.

(iv) Indian Board for Wild Life.

2. What are the main functions of MoEF?

Ans: For planning, promoting, coordinating and overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry programmes in the country. 

3. When was CPCB established?

Ans: September, 1974. 

4. Expand the following:CPCB, NAAQM, IBWL.

Ans: (i) Central pollution Control Board, National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, Indian Board for Wildlife. 

5. When was IBWL reconstituted and who is the head of this organization?

Ans: The IBWL has been reconstituted w.e.f. 7.12.2001. The XXI meeting of the IBWL was held on 21.1.2002 under the Chairmanship of the Honorable Prime Minister of India at New Delhi.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 25.2 

1. What does UNEP stand for? Who created it and where is its headquarter located?

Ans: United Nations Environment Programme. It was created by United Nations General Assembly, Nairobi (Kenya).

2. What kind of programme does UNEP fund and implement?

Ans: UNEP is active in funding and implementing environment related development project for promoting sustainable development. 

3. What is the full form of WHO and what is its main objective?

Ans: World Health Organisation. Its objective is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health. 

4. Which is the first disease in history to be eliminated by human efforts?

Ans: Small pox is the first disease eradicated/eliminated in 1980 by human efforts. 

5. What does HELI stands for?

Ans: Health and Environment Link Initiative.

6. Who created FAO? Mention its one important function.

Ans: FAO is created by United Nations and its objective is to defeat hunger. 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 25.3 

1. What is the full form of CSD and when was it established?

Ans: Commission for Sustainable Development, established in december,1992. 

2. What is the aim of UNFCCC?

Ans: It is an international body to consider what can be done to reduce global warming and to cope with whatever temperature increases is inevitable. 

3. What is Kyoto Protocol and when it was adopted?

Ans: Kyoto Protocol is an international and legally binding agreement to reduce green house gas emissions world wide. It started to work on 16th February, 2005. 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 25.4 

1. What is the full form of IUCN and where is its headquarter located?

Ans: International Union for Conservation of Nature, its headquarter located in Gland, in Switzerland. 

2. When and where was WWF formed?

Ans: WWF was formed as a charitable trust, 11 September, 1961 a Morges, Switzerland under the name World Wildlife Fund. 

3. What is the present full form of WWF and what was its earlier full form?

Ans: Present full form is World Wide Fund for Nature and the earlier full form World Wildlife Fund. 

4. Which ecosystem contains the most biodiversities of the world?

Ans: Forest, freshwater ecosystems and ocean and coasts contain most of the world’s biodiversity.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 25.5 

1. What is the full form of TERI and what was its basic purpose?

Ans: TERI is Tata Energy Research Institute. It was established in 1974, basic purpose of setting up of this institute/organisation was to tackle the acute problems of earth’s depleting finite energy research. 

2. What is Down to Earth?

Ans: Fortnightly environment magazine published by CSE (Centre for Science and Environment). 

3. When was Kalpavriksh established and what is the main function it performs?

Ans: 1979 and main function are environmental awareness, campaigns, litigation, research and other areas relating environmental issues. 

4. What is the mission of Development Alternatives?

Ans: Is to promote sustainable national development. 

5. Who founded the Sulabh International. What sort of work this organisation undertake?

Ans: Dr Bindeshwar pathak founded Sulabh International in 1970. It’s a social service organisation which provides human rights, environmental sanitation, and nonconventional source of energy, waste management and social reforms through education.

1. What is the full form of CPCB and what are its main functions? 

Ans: The full form of CPCB is the central pollution control board. Its function is to monitor the quality of air and water and control and prevent the pollution of air and water.

2. What are Rio+10 and where was it held?

Ans: Rio+10 is a World Summit on sustainable development. It was held after ten years of the conference of the United Nations on Environment and Development. It was held in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 2002.

3. Which is the wildlife conservation body in India and what is it called? 

Ans: National Board for Wildlife or Indian Board for Wildlife is the body in India for the conservation of wildlife. It was constituted under the Wildlife protection act 1972 by the central government.

4. Which agency of the United Nations develops policy guidelines for environmental programme at international levels?

Ans: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

5. Which disease was totally eradicated by WHO in 1980?

Ans: WHO eliminated smallpox disease in 1980 completely, through human efforts.

6. Write the full form and brief description of the following:

(i) SARS.

Ans: SARS stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. It is a contagious respiratory illness caused by the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The disease spreads mainly through respiratory droplets released during coughing and sneezing. Symptoms include high fever, cough, and difficulty in breathing. In severe cases, it can be fatal.

(ii) AIDS.

Ans: AIDS is Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome. It is caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). HIV weakens the immune system. It spreads through the infected syringes, and body fluids like semen and vaginal fluid. It can last for years and is not completely cured.

(iii) WHO. 

Ans: WHO or World Health Organization. It came into force on 7 April 1948. WHO is there to coordinate the efforts internally to prevent the disease outbreaks and sponsor programs to prevent and treat such diseases. Diseases like smallpox have been completely eradicated by human effort and WHO declared the same in 1980.

(iv) FAO. 

Ans: Food And Agricultural Organization or FAO helps in modernizing and improving practices for agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. It aims to defeat hunger globally. It ensures the security of food and good nutrition for all the people.

(v) NGO. 

Ans: NGOS are non-governmental organizations. They are not part of the government. They work independently. They are funded by private communities and work outside of the political structure. They have their agendas like environmental protection, sustainable development, and conserving wildlife.

(vi) CSE. 

Ans: CSE is The Centre For Science And Environment. ‘Down to Earth’ and ‘Gobar Times’ are two magazines published by CSE. CSE has taken the tasks of Environmental degradation and the problems created by industrialization, to balance them.

(vii) UNFCCC.

Ans: UNFCCC is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The convention set up stabilization in the concentration of greenhouse gases. It considers everything that can be done to reduce the effect of global warming.

(viii) TERI. 

Ans: TERI is the Tata Energy Research Institute. Its purpose is to tackle and deal with the depletion of finite sources of energy. TERI is working on the solutions to global problems like energy, developmental patterns, and the environment.

(ix) IUCN. 

Ans: IUCN is the International Union for Conservation of Nature. It is there to work for climate change, livelihood, economics, and energy. IUCN helps in developing advancement for conservation science. It runs projects for managing the environment in a better way and helps the government and organizations for making laws and developing best-practices for the environment.

(x) WWF. 

Ans: WWF is World Wide Fund For Nature, formerly it was named as World Wildlife Fund. WWF works for conservation, restoratíon, as well as research on the environment Its mission is halting and reversing the destruction that has been caused to the environment.

7. Who is the founder of Sulabh International? State three functions of this organization. 

Ans: Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak founded Sulabh International in 1970. 

The functions of the organization are:

(i) To promote environmental sanitation. 

(ii) Some people manually clean the human excreta and Sulabh International is there to change the thinking of people towards them. 

(iii) They introduced a cheap toilet system that converts human excreta into biogas and fertilizers by recycling.

8. Match the following:

Ans: 

9. What does HELI stands for and why was it created? 

Ans: HELI is a Health Environment Link Initiative. HELI is developed by WHO (world health organization) and supported by UNEP (United Nations Environment programmes) for tackling environment-related hazards. HELI is to support the valuation of climate regulation and replenishing air, water and other services of the ecosystem.

10. Write main functions of Food and Agriculture Organization. 

Ans: The organization aims to defeat hunger internationally. It helps the countries so that they could modernize and improve their agricultural techniques as well as for improving fisheries and forestry practices. It ensures food security and good nutrition for all the people.

11. What are the main objectives of Kyoto Protocol? 

Ans: The Kyoto Protocol is an international and legally binding agreement adopted in 1997 (entered into force in 2005) that aims to reduce global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. 

Its main objectives are:

(i) To set binding emission reduction targets for industrialized (developed) countries and economies in transition.

(ii) To reduce the overall emissions of six major greenhouse gases — CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF₆.

(iii) To establish market-based mechanisms like Emission Trading, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and Joint Implementation (JI) to help countries meet their targets cost-effectively.

(iv) To combat global warming and stabilize GHG concentrations at levels that prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.

12. What are the major objectives and functions of IUCN?

Ans: IUCN works on climate change, livelihoods, energy, and economics. The function of IUCN is developing advancements in conservation science. It runs projects for better management of the natural environment. It supports the governments, communities, and companies for developing policies, best-practices for the environment. It provides resources, trains the people, and monitors the results.

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