NIOS Class 12 Environmental Science Chapter 18 Water And Energy Conservation Solutions to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters NIOS Class 12 Environmental Science Chapter 18 Water And Energy Conservation Notes and select need one. NIOS Class 12 Environmental Science Chapter 18 Water And Energy Conservation Question Answers Download PDF. NIOS Study Material of Class 12 Environmental Science Paper Code 333.
NIOS Class 12 Environmental Science Chapter 18 Water And Energy Conservation
Also, you can read the NIOS book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of NIOS All Subject Solutions. Here we have given NIOS Class 12 Environmental Science Chapter 18 Water And Energy Conservation Solutions, NIOS Senior Secondary Course Environmental Science Solutions for All Chapter, You can practice these here.
Water And Energy Conservation
Chapter: 18
Module 5: Environmental Conversation
Textual Question Answer
INTEXT QUESTIONS 18.1
1. State any three factors responsible for increase in water demand.
Ans: Increasing demand by industry, Rising demand due to growing population, Expansion of irrigation, Increasing water use due to changing life style (any two).
2. Name two environmentally effective systems of irrigation.
Ans: Low pressure sprinklers and micro irrigation.
3. Why should water be conserved?
Ans: To overcome the problem of scarcity of water, we need to judicious use of water and conserved it for use of future generations.
4. Mention any two ways an individual can help in conserving water.
Ans: Use water very judiciously. To repair leaking pipes and taps to collect rain water for domestic use.
5. Mention one important cause of water scarcity in our country.
Ans: Growing population.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 18.2
1. State in a sentence how TV can help in spreading awareness regarding water conservation.
Ans: Awareness programmes in the form of small skits or conversation or cartoons can reach a large population.
2. Why is it more sensible to irrigate plants and lawns in early morning or late evening?
Ans: Because transpiration is low so water loss is reduced.
3. In your opinion what can be done to motivate people to reduce wastage of water?
Ans: By spreading awareness, imposing water charges on excessive use, and encouraging community participation.”
4. State one method of recharging ground water.
Ans: Divert supply from region of surplus to that of scarcity. Feed used water into pits.
5. What is the role of algae or aquatic plants like water hyacinth in removing pollutants from waste water.
Ans: They take up phosphates and nitrates from water bodies.
6. What are GAP and YAP?
Ans: Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan.
7. Why is such action plans undertaken?
Ans: Because the rivers Yamuna and Ganga got badly polluted.
8. Name two more important rivers of our country?
Ans: Kaveri and Brahmaputra.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 18.3
1. Define energy.
Ans: Capacity to do work.
2. List for human activities for which energy is required.
Ans: Cooking, using electrical gadgets, fuel for vehicles in industries and agriculture.
3. Name the energy compound synthesized by human beings.
Ans: ATP or Adenosine triphosphate.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 18.4
1. Distinguish between non-renewable and renewable sources of energy.
Ans: Non renewable is limited in supply; Renewable energy is available in an unlimited amount.
2. Name one conventional and non-conventional source of energy.
Ans: Conventional- coal or petroleum: Non-conventional-solar/hydel/ tidal/ biomass
3. Name three fossil fuels.
Ans: Coal, natural gas, Petroleum (oil).
4. Name one biodiesel yielding plant.
Ans: Jatropha/ Calophyllum/ Hevea (Rubber).
5. What do you mean by (a) biomass and (b) biogas?
Ans: Biomass = plant matter. Biogas = Gas used as fuel, containing CH4 and made by action of anaerobic bacteria on organic waste.
6. Name two chemical compounds which can be called biofuel.
Ans: Ethanol, Methane.
7. Why are they termed biofuels?
Ans: Because they are obtained from plants or by bacteria both of which are biological organisms.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 18.5
1. Mention how you improve energy efficient at home, at work place and in transport sector. Give two points in each.
Ans: (i) Switch of light, fan and AC when not in use, use gas at simmer level, it saves cooking gas.
(ii) Switch off light, fan and AC when not in use, use car pool to reach office, use CFL, computer to be switch off when not in use.
(iii) Car speed should be maintained at 50-60 km/h, turn off a vehicle engine at stops rather than idling. (Any other)
2. Expand the following: MNRE, IREDA, CFL.
Ans: MNRE- Ministry of New and Renewable Energy; IREDA- The Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency; CFL- Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs.
3. Why have people started using CFL at homes?
Ans: Energy consumption is low hence cuts down electricity bill.
4. What does BEE stand for? What is its function?
Ans: Bureau of Energy Efficiency – the function of BEE is to develop programme to increase conservation and efficient uses of energy in India.
5. What is the difference between ‘one star’ and ‘five star’ refrigerators?
Ans: ‘One star’ means the refrigerator is least energy efficient thus will save the least money. ‘Five stars’ on a refrigerator means it is most energy-efficient and thus will save more money.
| TERMINAL EXERCISE |
1. State the factors responsible for water scarcity.
Ans: The factors that have led to water scarcity are the increased demands of the increasing population, increased use of water for irrigation, management of water resources is also not good.
2. Mention the strategies for water conservation.
Ans: Water is an indispensable resource of nature. The freshwater sources are rivers, lakes, ponds, and groundwater. These are the forms of water and must be conserved. Water can be conserved by the reduction in wastage of water, proper management for water conservation, rainwater harvesting for water storage, recycling the water, recharging the groundwater, and keeping the freshwater bodies pollution-free.
3. What is water harvesting? In what ways can it be done?
Ans: Water harvesting is storing water for future use. The rainwater can be harvested for recharging the groundwater, borewell, and pits. The catchment area that is built on the roofs of the building stores the water and helps to prevent flooding in rainstorms. Sand and charcoal filters are used to filter the rainwater. Rainwater can be stored for direct use for irrigation and in gardening.
The first flush is a method of flushing the water that is received from the first shower to avoid contamination in the stored water. Conserving moisture of the soil by doing pre-monsoon plowing of the fields.
4. Write short notes on: Ganga Action and Yamuna Action Plan.
Ans: (i) Ganga action plan is about to save the holy river Ganga from pollutants. The Ministry of Environment and Forest announced this plan in 1985. The Prime minister and the chief minister of those states in which the river Ganga flows are the authorities of the plan. It aims to prevent the river from toxic and chemical wastes of the industry.
(ii) Yamuna action plan is to save the river Yamuna from being polluted. In India, this is the largest river restoration plan. Ministry of Environment and Forest initiated this plan in 1993. It is a bilateral plan/project between the countries India and Japan.
5. What are conventional and non-conventional energy resources? Explain with examples.
Ans: Conventional sources of energy are non-renewable energy resources. They are finite and being depleted at a rapid rate. Example – Coal, natural gas, and petroleum.
Non-conventional resources are the renewable resources of energy that can be used again and again. They have infinite sources. Example – Wind energy and solar energy.
6. What are bio fuels?
Ans: Biofuel requires biological agents. The ethanol and methane gas are biofuels. Biodiesel is a fuel, obtained from the plants whose seeds produce oil. Jatropha and Hevea plant seeds are used for the production of biodiesel.
7. Write notes on:
(i) Biogas digesters.
Ans: Biogas digesters are large vessels. They use anaerobes for the digestion of organic matter. The production of biogas, biofuel occurs from a biogas digester. Biogas is formed from methane and carbon dioxide and is used for heating and cooking purposes.
(ii) Biodiesel.
Ans: Biodiesel is produced from the seeds of some plants. Biodiesel can replace petroleum though it does not contain petroleum. The seeds of some plants produce oil and these are used for the production of biodiesel. Jatropha and Hevea or rubber seeds are used for biodiesel production.
(iii) Fossil fuels.
Ans: Fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas are formed from the remains of plants and animals buried millions of years ago. They are non-renewable resources and finite in supply. Being rich in carbon, they release harmful pollutants like CO₂ and SO₂ when burnt. Although they are reliable sources of energy, excessive use causes environmental pollution and global warming.
8. What are the ways of conserving energy as an individual?
Ans: As an individual, there are several ways one can conserve energy. Switching off the lights, fans, air conditioners when not in use. Use of CFLs instead of traditional bulbs. Use of energy-saving and energy-efficient appliances. Use of public transports and other shared vehicles.
9. What is the need for making electrical gadgets/equipments with star rating?
Ans: The labeled stars on an electrical appliance show its energy efficiency. The more energy efficiency, the more money is saved on that particular appliance. Appliance with a one-star rating means it is the least energy-efficient and an appliance having a five-star rating, will be the most energy-efficient.
10. How can transport vehicles be made energy efficient?
Ans: Transport vehicles can be made energy efficient in the following ways:
(i) Regular servicing and maintenance of vehicles.
(ii) Using catalytic converters to reduce emissions.
(iii) Driving at a moderate speed (50–60 km/h) to save fuel.
(iv) Turning off the engine at traffic stops instead of idling.
(v) Checking and repairing exhaust systems and fuel leaks.
11. Mention three ways of using solar energy as an energy resource.
Ans: (i) Solar energy is used for cooking purposes using a solar cooker.
(ii) It is used in industries as well for the light source.
(iii) Solar energy is used for heating purposes. The solar panels help in heating the water in winters.
Hi! my Name is Parimal Roy. I have completed my Bachelor’s degree in Philosophy (B.A.) from Silapathar General College. Currently, I am working as an HR Manager at Dev Library. It is a website that provides study materials for students from Class 3 to 12, including SCERT and NCERT notes. It also offers resources for BA, B.Com, B.Sc, and Computer Science, along with postgraduate notes. Besides study materials, the website has novels, eBooks, health and finance articles, biographies, quotes, and more.
