NIOS Class 10 Warehouse Principles & Inventory Management Chapter 11 Cargo Procedures

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NIOS Class 10 Warehouse Principles & Inventory Management Chapter 11 Cargo Procedures

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Cargo Procedures

Chapter: 11

Intext Questions 11.1

(i) What is hazardous cargo? 

Ans: Hazardous cargo (also referred to as dangerous goods) can be defined as materials or items with hazardous properties which if not properly controlled, present a potential hazard to human and animal health and safety, the environment and infrastructure. 

(ii) Hazardous goods are also referred to as ______________ . 

Ans: Dangerous goods.

(iii) Identify the statements whether they are true or false. 

Statement 1: Dangerous goods can be solids, liquids or gases. 

Ans: Statement 1 – True.

Statement 2: Dangerous goods are only hot, pungent and transparent.

Ans: Statement 2 – False.

Intext Questions 11.2

(i) What are cryogenics? 

Ans: Cryogenics are substances that are extremely cold such as liquid nitrogen, liquid helium and dry ice. These substances may also become asphyxiation hazards if spilled in non ventilated areas. 

(ii) Match the following.

(i) Class 1	(a) Flammable solids
(ii) Class 2	(b) Radioactive materials
(iii) Class 3	(c) Explosives
(iv) Class 4	(d) Gases
(v) Class 5	(e) Toxic and infectious substances

Ans: 

(i) Class 1	(c) Explosives
(ii) Class 2	(d) Gases
(iii) Class 3	(a) Flammable solids
(iv) Class 4	(e) Toxic and infectious substances
(v) Class 5	(b) Radioactive materials

(iii) What is a Safety Data Sheet? 

Ans: Safety Data Sheet is a document that lists information relating to occupational safety and health for the use of various substances and products.  

(iv) Safety Data System is formerly known as ___________________. 

Ans: Material Safety Data Sheet.

(v) What is the full form of PSDS?

Ans: Product Safety Data Sheet.

Intext Questions 11.3

(i) State any two suggestions for handling hazardous material in the warehouse. 

Ans: (a) Your staff needs to be certified for handling dangerous goods. 

(b) Some hazardous goods need to be stored separately as per their classification.

(ii) How many rules are given for handling hazardous cargo at the warehouse? 

(a) 9 

(b) 10 

(c) 13 

(d) 11 

Ans: (d) 11.

(iii) Enlist any two warehouse safety tips for handling hazardous goods.

Ans: (a) Assess risks and plans ahead.

(b) Provide Adequate PPE and Information Materials.

Terminal Exercise

1. Define Hazardous cargo.

Ans: Hazardous cargo (also referred to as dangerous goods) can be defined as materials or items with hazardous properties which if not properly controlled, present a potential hazard to human and animal health and safety, the environment and infrastructure. Dangerous goods can be solids, liquids or gases.

2. What is an Oxidizer?

Ans: A substance that readily yields oxygen to stimulate the combustion of organic matter. Oxidizers are solids, liquids, or gases that react readily with most organic material or reducing agents with no energy input. Oxidizers are a severe fire hazard. They are not necessarily combustible, but they can intensify combustion and increase the flammable range for chemicals so they ignite more readily.

3. What is organic peroxide?

Ans: An organic compound containing the chemical bond, oxygen joined to oxygen. Organic Peroxides, which are substances that are thermally unstable and may undergo exothermic, self accelerating decomposition. They are sensitive to impact and friction.

4. What is meant by compressed gas? 

Ans: A substance in gas or liquid form contained in a vessel under pressure. This includes cylinders, lecture bottles, and aerosol cans. These substances may be flammable, non-flammable, or poisonous.

5. What are cryogenics?

Ans: Substances that are extremely cold such as liquid nitrogen, liquid helium. And dry ice. These substances may also become asphyxiation hazards if spilled in non ventilated areas.     

6. What are the properties of hazardous goods? 

Ans: They are generally assigned to one or more of the following classifications:

(i) Flammable Liquid: any liquid having a flashpoint below 100 degrees Fahrenheit. 

(ii) Combustible Liquid: any liquid having a flash point between 100 and 200 degrees Fahrenheit and the liquid produces enough vapours to ignite if exposed to an ignition source. 

(iii) Flammable Solid: a substance that can cause a fire through friction, absorption of moisture or spontaneous chemical changes and, when ignited, will burn so vigorously that it creates a hazard. 

(iv) Oxidizer: a substance that readily yields oxygen to stimulate the combustion of organic matter. 

(v) Corrosive: a liquid that corrodes steel (SAE 1020) at a rate greater than 0.250 inches at a test temperature of 130 degrees Fahrenheit or has a pH less than 2 or greater than 12.5. 

(vi) Organic Peroxide: an organic compound containing the chemical bond, oxygen joined to oxygen. 

(vii) Poison: a substance so toxic that it presents a risk to life or health. 

(viii) Compressed Gas: a substance in gas or liquid form contained in a vessel under pressure. This includes cylinders, lecture bottles, and aerosol cans. These substances may be flammable, non-flammable, or poisonous.

(ix) Cryogenics: substances that are extremely cold such as liquid nitrogen, liquid helium. And dry ice. These substances may also become asphyxiation hazards if spilled in non ventilated areas. 

(x) Radioactive: any material having a specific activity greater than 0.002 microcuries per gram (uCi/g). 

(xi) Biomedical: tissues, organs, and blood from humans and primates. 

7. Explain about various divisions under Class 1 dangerous goods.

Ans: This class has six divisions. In addition, this class has 13 Compatibility Groups which identify the kind of explosive articles and substances that are deemed to be compatible, which is very important when handling this type of cargo. 

(i) Division 1.1: Articles or substances having a mass explosion hazard. 

(ii) Division 1.2: Articles or substances having a projection hazard but not a mass explosion. 

(iii) Division 1.3: Articles and Substances having a fire hazard, a minor blast hazard and or/a minor projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard. 

(iv) Division 1.4: Articles and Substances presenting no significant hazard. 

(v) Division 1.5: Very insensitive substances having a mass explosion hazard. 

(vi) Division 1.6: Extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosion hazard. 

8. Write about different categories of radioactive material.

Ans: Radioactive materials are articles or substances, which spontaneously and continuously emit types of radiation which can be harmful to health but which cannot be detected by any of the human senses. 

It is also used to establish three categories for labelling which are:

(i) Category I white: Articles with a Transport Index 0 and a maximum external radiation level of not more than 5 uSv/h. 

(ii) Category II Yellow: Articles with a Transport Index more than 0 and less than 1, and the maximum external radiation level more than 5 uSv/h, and less than 0.5 mSv/h. 

(iii) Category III Yellow: Transport Index more than I and less than 10, and the maximum external radiation level 2 mSv/h.

9. Write a short note on flammable solids?

Ans: This class is divided into three divisions and includes all flammable solids and substances liable to spontaneous combustion or substances, which in contact with water emit flammable gases.

10. Describe in brief about Toxic and Infectious substances.

Ans: Toxic and Infectious substances. 

This class has two divisions:

(i) Division 6.1: Toxic substances, which are liable to cause death or injury or to harm human death if swallowed, inhaled or contacted by the skin. 

(ii) Division 6.2: Infectious substances, which includes all those substances that are infectious to human and/or animals, and includes micro-organisms and organisms, biological products, diagnostic specimens and medical waste. 

11. Write about the dangerous goods classification given by the UN.

Ans: Dangerous Goods are classified in one or more of the nine UN hazard classes and, where applicable, to one of the three UN packing groups.

The nine classes relate to the type of hazard and some of them are further divided into hazard divisions due to the wide scope of the class. The order in which they are numbered is for convenience and does not imply a relative degree of danger.

12. What are suggestions for handling hazardous material in the warehouse?

Ans: Following are some of the suggestions for Handling Hazardous Material in the Warehouse: 

(i) Have the right procedures and that works according to the current regulations: Procedures are made to ensure your company requirements are met in your warehouse. Your requirements for safety, to prevent cargo damage, to ensure correct and punctual delivery of goods from your warehouse. Meeting all of these requirements is what makes procedures right. 

(ii) Your staff needs to be certified for handling dangerous goods: The Storage and transport of dangerous goods is a complex practice. It requires detailed understanding and knowledge of the relevant regulations. 

(iii) The people in the warehouse need to have the knowledge and skills for dealing with the transportation and security hazardous materials/dangerous goods: Only properly trained staff is able to successfully apply rules concerning the transport and storage of dangerous goods. Trained staff with the right knowledge and skills know about the risks involved and how to work with these risks. 

(iv) Some hazardous goods need to be stored separately as per their classification: Many dangerous goods are incompatible with other substances. Knowing this is one thing, working in a way that ensures that these substances are safely and separately stored is something else. It is a LEGAL requirement that dangerous goods which are not compatible with other substances are stored and handled separately. You do not want to have interaction that creates serious risks for incidents.

(v) Your documentation should be up-to-date and available to staff at all locations to enable them to perform their role in the quality system: The people in the warehouse should be aware of the cargo and goods that are stored at any minute. Nobody expects an incident involving dangerous goods. But in case it happens, you better be prepared. Having precautionary statements near the dangerous goods everybody knows what to do when an incident happens. 

13. Explain the rules that should be followed while handling hazardous cargo at the warehouse?

Ans: Follow the following Rules in Handling Hazardous Cargo at the Warehouse: 

(i) Rule # 1: Follow all established procedures and perform job duties as one is trained. 

(ii) Rule #2: Be cautious and plan ahead. Think about what could go wrong and pay close attention to what you’re doing while you work. 

(iii) Rule #3: Always use the required PPE and inspect it carefully before each use to make sure it is safe to use. Replace worn out or damaged PPE; it won’t provide adequate protection.

(iv) Rule #4: Make sure all containers are properly labelled and that the material is contained in an appropriate container. Don’t use any material not contained or labelled properly. Report any damaged containers or illegible labels to your supervisor right away. 

(v) Rule #5: Read labels and the material safety data sheet (MSDS) before using any material to make sure you understand hazards and precautions. 

(vi) Rule #6: Use all materials solely for their intended purpose. For example, use solvents to clean your hands, or gasoline to wipe down equipment. 

(vii) Rule #7: Never eat or drink while handling any materials and if your hands are contaminated, don’t use cosmetics or handle contact lenses. 

(viii) Rule #8: Read the labels and refer to MSDSs to identify properties and hazards of chemical products and materials. 

(ix) Rule # 9: Store all materials properly, separate incompatibles, and store in ventilated, dry, cool areas. 

(x) Rule #10: Keep you and your work area clean. After handling any material, wash thoroughly with soap and water. Clean work surfaces at least once a shift so that contamination risks are minimised. 

(xi) Rule # 11: Learn about emergency procedures and equipment. Understanding emergency procedures means knowing evacuation procedures, emergency reporting procedures, and Procedures for dealing with fires and spills. It also means knowing what to do in a medical emergency if a co-worker is injured or overcome by chemicals.