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NIOS Class 10 Warehouse Principles & Inventory Management Chapter 10 The Safety Rules and Procedures in a Warehouse
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The Safety Rules and Procedures in a Warehouse
Chapter: 10
Intext Questions 10.1
(i) What is meant by warehouse safety?
Ans: Warehouse safety is a set of regulatory guidelines and industry best practices to help warehousing personnel ensure a safe work environment and reinforce safe behaviour when working in warehouses.
(ii) —————————— revealed that the fatal injury rate for the warehousing industry is higher than the national average for all industries.
Ans: Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
Intext Questions 10.2
(i) State a few safety guidelines to help keep warehouses safe.
Ans: (a) Ensure Safety Equipment is used at all Times.
(b) Eliminate Any Potential Safety Hazards.
(c) Clearly Label Designated Hazardous Zones.
(ii) What is the main factor that determines the safety rules and practices to be implemented in the warehouse?
Ans: The nature of the product stored in the warehouse.
(iii) Mention any two principles that should be followed in the warehouse.
Ans: (a) Accident prevention is good business.
(b) Everyone is responsible.
(iv) _____________________ can lead to stagnation of fumes and vehicle exhaust in the warehouse, which can hinder both employee comfort and safety.
Ans: Limited air circulation.
Intext Questions 10.3
(i) Write some benefits that can be realised when a safe environment is maintained in warehouses.
Ans: Increased worker loyalty, reduced costs, improved quality.
(ii) Warehouse safety procedures are often overlooked by some companies due to
(a) Insufficient time.
(b) Adequate resources.
(c) Both.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (c) Both.
(iii) Enlist any two workplace safety tips.
Ans: (a) Use tools, equipment and machinery properly.
(b) Report any unsafe conditions.
(iv) Use ____________ desks and keyboards to avoid straining your wrists and arms.
Ans: Ergonomic.
Intext Questions 10.4
(i) Mention 2 points that a company should do to avoid slips, trips and falls.
Ans: (a) Ensure staffs know how to carry out good housekeeping.
(b) Ensure cleaning staff display appropriate warning signs.
(ii) How long should workers use the ladders to work at height safely?
(a) One hour.
(b) 30 minutes.
(c) Two hours.
(d) 45 minutes.
Ans: (b) 30 minutes.
(iii) _________ is useful for stairs and other areas where you can’t use anti-slip paint.
Ans: Tape.
(iv) What is meant by Ergonomic injuries?
Ans: Ergonomic injuries means Injuries happen from doing common movements incorrectly.
| Terminal Exercise |
1. What do you understand about warehouse safety?
Ans: Warehouse safety is a set of regulatory guidelines and industry best practices to help warehousing personnel ensure a safe work environment and reinforce safe behaviour when working in warehouses. We know that working in a warehouse creates several health and safety risks. In case we do not control them, it may lead to accidents, injury to people and illness. High employee turnover, lost working hours and at worst even fatalities. Safety rules and procedures are often disregarded in a variety of workplaces due to insufficient time, inadequate resources or an opportunity to cut corners in an attempt to save money.
2. State a few guidelines to keep the warehouse safe.
Ans: The few guidelines to keep the warehouse safe are:
(i) Ensure Safety Equipment is used at all Times: In the warehouse, it is vital that forklifts or hydraulic dollies are used to lift items that are too heavy. Appropriate eyewear and hard hats should also be worn when required. Employees should be aware of emergency exits and the sprinklers installed in the roof should not be blocked at any time. Safety equipment is implemented in order to minimise workplace injury, so although it may be time-consuming to initiate its use; it does pay off in the long run.
(ii) Eliminate Any Potential Safety Hazards: Ensure all warehousing floors are free of ‘slip and trip hazards. It is important that this safety check is carried out on a regular basis, by all employees, and that the floor is always free of stray cords, liquids and any other potentially hazardous items. It is also essential that any cracks and pits in the flooring are attended to as these can cause serious injuries to employers as well as damage expensive machinery.
(iii) Clearly Label Designated Hazardous Zones: Dangerous equipment should be stored away in an area that is clearly labelled and safe walkways should be highlighted through necessary signage. The easiest way to illuminate hazardous zones is by using tape or painting black and white stripes on the floor of the designated area. This enables employees to be aware of dangerous surroundings and can be useful in avoiding accidents that can cause serious injury.
(iv) Always Use Safe Lifting Techniques: When a load requires transporting, firstly assess what method is the best option for its movement. If lifting is the most suitable method; check the route to ensure no obstacles are in the way and ensure there is enough space for the load at its destination. Safe lifting techniques should always be carried out and the load should not obstruct the view of the lifter.
(v) Provide Training and Refresher Courses: Ensure all staff is educated and up to date with knowledge about safe practices within the workplace. This allows for greater adherence to procedures as staff members will be completely aware of the consequences that can emanate from an unsafe workplace. Accidents most commonly occur when corners are cut in an attempt to save time.
(vi) Promote Safety Awareness in the Warehouse: Having a sense of awareness in the workplace is an important safety factor. This can be achieved through communication among staff members. By employees being vocal and yelling out to others their location, collision incidents can be drastically reduced.
(vii) Proper Clothing Should be Worn: Loose-fitting clothes should be avoided as they can get caught in the machinery or pallets, which can lead to injuries. Also, wearing protective clothing, including hard hats, gloves, vests, masks, and eye-wear is another valuable tip to ensure the safety of the workers in the warehouse.
(viii) Shelving Safety: It is essential to assess how much weight a rack can endure and how the materials should be stacked to achieve effective distribution. This prevents workers from getting injured from falling objects.
(ix) Vehicle Safety: Whether you work with forklifts or lift trucks, vehicle safety is essential to preventing crush injuries. This can be done by ensuring workers are provided proper practical training about maintaining speed limits, avoiding reversing whenever possible, and being aware of blind spots. It’s also important to enforce a zero-tolerance policy about reckless driving.
(x) Carry Out Fire Safety Drills: Fire and smoke alarms should be tested on a regular basis. Drills help you check if these alarms work and also with creating and updating a safe evacuation and emergency plan. Ensuring the installation of emergency lights can go a long way in making sure staff safely evacuates.
(xi) Ventilate: A crucial part of a safe warehouse is good ventilation, but it is usually overlooked by employers. Limited air circulation can lead to stagnation of fumes and vehicle exhaust in the warehouse, which can hinder both employee comfort and safety. Putting in exhaust fans can help ensure that the warehouse is well ventilated.
3. Enlist any two benefits from maintaining a safe environment in the warehouse.
Ans: The following principles should be followed:
(i) All accidents are preventable: The implementation of effective health and safety control policies and programs will prevent accidents.
(ii) Accident prevention is good business: It minimises human suffering, promotes better working conditions for everyone, holds the organisation in higher regard within the community and increases productivity.
4. What is meant by a pallet in a warehouse?
Ans: A pallet is a support or platform for boards to stack the load. They are rigid frames on which the goods are placed, distributed in a homogeneous way at height and on the pallet surface.
5. What is a pallet rack?
Ans: Pallet rack is a material handling storage aid system designed to store materials on pallets (or “skids”). Although there are many varieties of pallet racking, all types allow for the storage of palletized materials in horizontal rows with multiple levels.
6. Explain safety rules to be followed in the warehouse.
Ans: The following principles should be followed:
(i) All accidents are preventable: The implementation of effective health and safety control policies and programs will prevent accidents.
(ii) Accident prevention is good business: It minimises human suffering, promotes better working conditions for everyone, holds the organisation in higher regard within the community and increases productivity.
(iii) Staff is valued: Management is responsible for providing the safest possible workplace for staff and is committed to allocating and providing the resources needed to promote and effectively implement these safety guidelines.
(iv) Everyone is responsible: Staff is responsible for following safe work practices and for preventing accidents and injuries.
(v) Communication is key: Management will establish lines of communication to solicit feedback from staff where health and safety are concerned.
(vi) Managers are role models: The organisation’s management staff will serve as role models, demonstrating good attitudes and a strong commitment to health and safety in the workplace.
(vii) Monitoring is part of everyday business: Management must monitor company health, safety and working conditions to ensure that program objectives are achieved.
(viii) Safety promotion is on-going: Everyone must be committed to promote safety awareness and prevent accidents and injuries.
(ix) Everyone must be committed to safety: People working together can prevent accidents and keep each other healthy and safe in the workplace.
7. Mention any four points of the importance of safety in the warehouse.
Ans: The importance of safety in the warehouse are:
(i) Increased Worker Loyalty: Safe employees are loyal employees. By ensuring your workers are safe from potential workplace hazards, you generate trust. Involving workers in safety meetings and committee’s shows you have their best interests at heart. When ensured of their safety, workers respond by being loyal and having more pride in their assigned tasks.
(ii) Reduced Costs: Injuries cost companies working hours and lead to increased insurance premiums and worker compensation rates. Your business could even face a lawsuit. A serious injury can also affect other workers emotionally, lowering morale in the workplace.
(iii) Improved Quality: Safe work environments tend to be more efficient. Such conditions enhance focus, allowing employees to work without distractions and concentrate more on the outcome of their work. An increase in product quality may generate more sales and higher profit margins.
(iv) Better Public Relations: A company that maintains a safe environment for its workers is held in high esteem by the public. Indeed, organisations with high safety standards are trusted more than those that neglect them, which may result in more customers.
8. How does PPE help in protecting workers from warehouse hazards?
Ans: Personal protective equipment (PPE) include gloves, glasses, earmuffs, aprons, safety footwear, dust masks which are designed to reduce exposure to the hazard. PPE is usually seen as the last line of defence and is usually used in conjunction with one or more of the other control measures. These injuries and illnesses may result from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards.
Examples of engineering controls for physical hazards include:
(i) Providing safety equipment to employees that reduces their exposure to the physical safety hazard.
(ii) Reduce noises and vibrations present in the workplace.
(iii) Place barriers between employees and physical hazards such as radiation or microwaves.
9. Write about how to use forklifts to maintain vehicle safety in a warehouse.
Ans: Following are some of the safety procedures for using Forklifts:
(i) Only allow trained staff to operate vehicles: No untrained or under age person should be ever allowed to operate a forklift.
(ii) Ensure operators maintain speed limits: There should be a sign board to remind them. Drivers of forklifts should not exceed 5 mph.
(iii) Ensure staff avoid reversing wherever possible: Set up a one-way system.
(iv) Maximise visibility: Set up mirrors to aid the driver’s vision when turning around corners or reversing.
(v) Keep aisles free of obstructions: Make sure staff know to follow good housekeeping practices. For example, disposing of packaging materials and clearing away equipment as soon as possible.
(vi) Arrange for regular inspection and maintenance of vehicles: A trained professional needs to check that everything is in working order.
(vii) Provide drivers with a list of daily checks: For example, warning lights on the dashboard, deflated tyres, faulty seat belts, strange noises, etc.
(viii) Display driver safety notices and signs: Signs should warn drivers to watch out for pedestrians, wear their seatbelt, report issues to their manager, etc.
(ix) Maintain the floor to prevent overturning or damage to the vehicle: Make sure parts of the floor aren’t too steep, uneven, or damaged.
10. Write about the guidelines to prevent slips, trips and falls in warehouses.
Ans: To prevent slips, trips, and falls, Company should:
(i) Ensure staff know how to carry out good housekeeping: They should clean up spillages, remove obstructions from paths, keep cables tidied away, etc.
(ii) Ensure cleaning staff display appropriate warning signs: Try to schedule cleaning outside of normal work hours so it puts fewer people at risk. Also make sure that cleaners use the correct method and detergent for your type of warehouse floor.
(iii) Use anti-slip paint: It prevents dust from building up, reduces the slip quality of the floor surface, minimises wear and tear, and improves cleaning.
(iv) Use anti-slip tape and shoes: Tape is useful for stairs and other areas where you can’t use anti-slip paint, while non-slip soles help people remain safe even if they do encounter a slip hazard.
(v) Make sure floors are level: uneven flooring can cause people to lose their footing. This is especially dangerous if they’re carrying a load.
(vi) Use heavy-duty cord covers: if you must run cables across the floor. As well as preventing trips, covers also protect cables in case a vehicle runs over them.
(vii) Train staff to work at height safely: Ladder safety is particularly important because misuse or use of an unstable ladder can lead to serious injury or even death. Make sure workers use them for no longer than 30 minutes, stay off the top 3 rungs, and maintain three points of contact at all times.
11. How to minimise the lifting risk in the warehouse?
Ans: To minimise lifting risks, Company should:
(i) Ensure operators of lifting equipment know the maximum safe working load (SWL). The SWL is usually printed on equipment and/or included in the manufacturer’s instructions. Following these limits is essential to prevent strain, which could cause the load to fall off or wear down the equipment.
(ii) Train staff in manual handling safety. They should know their manual handling weight limits (20-25 kg is heavy for most people) and how to use proper handling techniques to minimise strain.
(iii) Avoid the need for manual handling if possible- use lift trucks, pallet trucks, trolleys etc.
(iv) Ensure staff use and store chains properly. Improper use of chains can lead to the links experiencing metal fatigue, bending, or rusting. Check chains regularly for issues. Keep them in a dry place, and prevent vehicles from running over them.
12. Explain about the practices to be followed to maintain fire safety.
Ans: To maintain fire safety, companies should:
(i) Carry out fire drills at least once a year: Drills help you check that your escape routes work in practice. They should demonstrate that staff know the location of fire exit routes and the assembly point.
(ii) Test fire alarms weekly and check smoke alarms ideally on a monthly basis. Also check other equipment regularly, such as extinguishers and sprinklers.
(iii) Create a fire evacuation and emergency plan. You should review and update it regularly.
(iv) Designate a fire warden. Their responsibilities include minimising fire hazards in the workplace, creating evacuation plans, and taking charge during an emergency.
(v) Ensure you have installed emergency lighting. Fire escape routes, exits, and signs need to be well-lit so people can see them from a distance and navigate safely.
(vi) Handle materials safely. Staff need to ensure they clear away boxes and packaging and handle hazardous substances with extreme care. Make sure you know how to store chemicals safely in a warehouse.
13. What are the safety procedures that a company should follow to ensure pallet and racking safety?
Ans: To ensure pallet and racking safety, Company should:
(i) Train staff to load pallets securely. Use shrink or stretch wrapping to support pallets and follow a suitable stacking pattern as recommended by the manufacturer.
(ii) Make sure staff follow the safe stacking height and weight capacity recommended by the manufacturer. They should stack them evenly, with heavier pallets on the bottom.
(iii) Instruct staff to inspect each pallet before use. Pallets should not contain loose nails, splinters, cracks or any other issues.
(iv) Tell staff not to climb, lean on, or walk over pallets or racking. Some staff may not recognize the damage they can do and how easily they could fall or knock something off the racking.
(v) Ensure staff do not use pallets or fork lift trucks to access heights. They should use a ladder or another type of suitable equipment to reach higher shelves.
(vi) Provide staff with suitable personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE helps prevent exposure to numerous hazards.
