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NCERT Class 7 Vocational Education Chapter 6 Family Health Handbook
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Family Health Handbook
Chapter: 6
PART – 3: Work in Human Service
| Activity – 1: Factors Affecting Health |
Some factors that affect our health are given below. Please give examples of how they impact us. Add any factors that you feel are important:
1. Lack of personal hygiene ______________.
Ans: Can lead to skin infections, stomach problems, or spread of diseases.
2. Pollution (e.g., noise, air, soil, water)__________________.
Ans: Causes breathing problems, stress, waterborne diseases, and hearing loss.
3. Unclean environment ___________________.
Ans: Attracts pests (like mosquitoes, flies, rats), leading to diseases like malaria, dengue, or cholera.
4. Lack of nutritious and balanced diet __________________.
Ans: Causes weakness, poor immunity, growth issues in children, or diseases like anemia.
5. Loneliness ____________________________.
Ans: Leads to sadness, depression, or lack of motivation.
6. Lack of sleep ____________________.
Ans: Causes tiredness, poor concentration, irritability, and weak immunity.
7. Lack of exercise ___________________________.
Ans: Leads to weight gain, weak muscles, poor heart health, or joint stiffness.
8. Excessive use of TV/mobile phone _________________.
Ans: Causes eye strain, poor posture, reduced social time, or sleep disturbances.
9. Any other factors you can think of ____________________.
Ans: Stress from schoolwork or family problems; exposure to unsafe drinking water; lack of vaccination.
Which factors can you do something about, and which are out of your control?
Ans: (i) Maintaining personal hygiene.
(ii) Keeping the home and surroundings clean.
(iii) Eating a balanced and nutritious diet.
(iv) Getting enough daily sleep.
(v) Doing regular physical exercise.
(vi) Limiting screen time on TV/mobile.
(vii) Managing stress and keeping a positive attitude.
(viii) Taking precautions like vaccination, using mosquito nets, and keeping surroundings dry and clean.
The factors are out of my control are:
(i) Large-scale pollution in the city or region (air, water, noise).
(ii) Sudden health emergencies or accidents.
(iii) Natural disasters affecting the environment (floods, earthquakes).
(iv) Some inherited or genetic health conditions.
| Activity – 2: Framing Questions Related to Your and Your Family’s Health |
Write these questions or even any relevant thoughts in your handbook. Some examples are given on the next page. Add to these sample questions – do remember to leave space for answers.
1. My younger sister is 4 years old. Why does she catch a cold so often?
2. What can I do if someone at home gets a fever?
3. My parents often say, “Don’t watch TV before sleeping”. Why is that so?
4. Why does my grandmother refuse to eat?
Ans: 5. Why does my father often complain of back pain after work?
6. What should we do at home to keep mosquitoes away and prevent dengue or malaria?
7. Why is it important for everyone in the family to drink clean, filtered water?
8. What healthy snacks can I prepare at home to reduce eating junk food?
| Activity – 2: Visit to a Hospital/Primary Health Centre (PHC)/ Community Health Centre (CHC) |
For your health handbook: Write down the following information after you visit the hospital.
1. What are the different facilities available in your centre?
Ans: The centre I visited had a consultation room for doctors, a vaccination area for children and adults, a minor procedure room, and a pharmacy for basic medicines. It also had a small laboratory for blood and urine tests. Larger hospitals nearby have OPD (Outpatient Department), IPD (Inpatient Department), ICU (Intensive Care Unit), operation theatres, X-ray and ultrasound facilities, and pathology labs.
2. What services are provided to patients (e.g., vaccination, outpatient treatment, diagnosis, in-hospital treatment, and specialised treatments)?
Ans: The centre provides many services including free vaccinations (like polio and measles), OPD check-ups, minor surgeries, blood and urine tests, maternal care (like antenatal checkups), and health counselling. For more complex cases, they refer patients to district hospitals.
3. What are the most common illnesses in our area? How can we prevent them?
Ans: Common illnesses in my area are colds and coughs, diarrhea, dengue, malaria, and sometimes diabetes and high blood pressure. These can be prevented by drinking clean water, using mosquito nets, keeping the surroundings clean, getting vaccinated on time, eating healthy food, and washing hands regularly.
4. What should we do in an emergency? What should we do if an accident happens?
Ans: In an emergency, we should call 108 for an ambulance or 112 for help. If there is an accident, we should first check if the area is safe, give basic first-aid like stopping the bleeding or supporting broken bones, and then take the person to the nearest hospital quickly. We should not move the person too much if we suspect a head or spine injury.
5. What are the fees charged to the patient? How is billing done? How is the payment to be done? Are there any concessions given (e.g., for senior citizens and military personnel)?
Ans: At government Primary Health Centres, most services like check-ups, medicines, and vaccinations are free. For bigger hospitals, there may be charges for tests or surgeries. Billing is done at the hospital counter or online. Concessions are often given to poor families, senior citizens, and military personnel. Schemes like Ayushman Bharat offer free treatment to eligible people.
6. How do we decide if someone needs medical help or we can manage at home?
Ans: We should go to a doctor if someone has a high fever, difficulty breathing, severe pain, is unconscious, or keeps vomiting. But small problems like a common cold or a small cut can be managed at home with rest, home remedies, or basic first-aid.
7. What should we do if someone falls sick during the night or on a holiday?
Ans: We can call 108 for an ambulance or visit a hospital with 24×7 emergency service. Some government hospitals and PHCs are open even on holidays.
8. What precautions are to be taken while taking medicines?
Ans: We should always take medicines as per the doctor’s advice, follow the correct dose and time, check the expiry date, and avoid mixing medicines on our own.
| Activity – 8: Preventing Action Related to Environmental |
Think of the key actions you will implement with your family.
1. Nutrient-rich diet (e.g., home cooked food, avoid junk food, like chips and packaged snacks).
(a) _________________________________.
(b) _________________________________.
(c) _________________________________.
Ans: (a) Plan weekly family meals with lots of vegetables and fruits.
(b) Reduce buying and storing junk food at home.
(c) Drink enough clean water daily and reduce sugary drinks.
2. Sleep (e.g., sleeping at the same time, avoiding electronic devices before sleep).
(a) _________________________________.
(b) _________________________________.
(c) _________________________________.
Ans: (a) Fix a regular bedtime and wake-up time for everyone.
(b) Keep mobile phones and TV away at least 30 minutes before sleeping.
(c) Create a calm bedtime routine, like reading a short story or listening to soft music.
3. Physical fitness (e.g., doing yoga with friends and family).
(a) _________________________________.
(b) _________________________________.
(c) _________________________________.
Ans: (a) Go for a morning or evening walk together as a family.
(b) Play outdoor games like badminton or football on weekends.
(c) Join a local yoga or exercise group for family sessions.
4. Mental well-being (e.g., eating together at night, playing games with family and friends).
(a) _________________________________.
(b) _________________________________.
(c) _________________________________.
Ans: (a) Eat dinner together and share daily experiences.
(b) Schedule a family game night once a week.
(c) Encourage each other to express feelings openly and support one another.
5. Environment (e.g., using mosquito nets, disposing waste).
(a) _________________________________.
(b) _________________________________.
(c) _________________________________.
Ans: (a) Use mosquito nets and repellents, especially at night.
(b) Keep the surroundings clean by disposing of waste properly.
(c) Avoid stagnant water near home to prevent mosquito breeding.
6. Any special needs to be met.
(a) _________________________________.
(b) _________________________________.
(c) _________________________________.
Ans: (a) Ensure any family member with health issues gets regular check-ups.
(b) Provide necessary support like ramps or easy access if anyone has mobility issues.
(c) Keep a first-aid box and emergency contact numbers ready at home.
What did I learn from others?
1. According to you, what were the two most important things you learnt during the visit to the health centre and from interaction with health professionals?
Ans: (i) I learnt how important early diagnosis and regular health check-ups are for preventing serious diseases.
(ii) I also learnt the value of teamwork among health professionals — doctors, nurses, and staff all play critical roles in delivering effective care.
2. Often, we are well aware of what we have to do and yet we do not practise it. For example, we all know exercise is important, but we often skip it. What do you think is the reason for this? What can be done to change this?
Ans: I think the main reason is lack of motivation, busy schedules, or simply developing lazy habits.
To change this, we can set small, realistic goals, build a routine, and track our progress. Regular reminders of the long-term benefits—like better health or more energy—can also help. Involving friends or family can keep us motivated and make it more enjoyable.
What else can I do?
1. A lot of waste is produced related to health needs. For example, baby diapers, diapers for the elderly, medicines that have expired/not been used, and so on. Have you ever thought about how this waste is disposed? Find out and write a plan to dispose off similar waste at your home and school.
Ans: At home:
(i) Separate diaper waste and expired medicines from regular household waste.
(ii) Use a separate bin with a lid for diapers and sanitary waste; dispose of it daily with municipal collection.
(iii) For expired medicines, return them to a pharmacy that accepts take-back or check local hospital collection points.
At school:
(iv) Place labeled bins for sanitary and health waste in school bathrooms and infirmaries.
(v) Educate students about not throwing medical waste in regular dustbins.
(vi) Arrange for proper municipal or authorized disposal services to collect these regularly.
2. Draw up a plan for vaccination of children of different ages in your community, with the help of local health professionals. Participate in a polio vaccination campaign.
Ans: With local health workers, I will make a vaccination chart (polio at birth, DPT at 6 weeks, measles at 9 months, etc.). We will organize vaccination days at the health center or community hall and spread awareness through posters and school announcements. I will volunteer in the polio campaign by helping parents and managing the crowd.
A vaccination chart is mentioned below:
3. Explore the telemedicine facility of the online portal e-Sanjeevani managed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (Figure 6.10). Find out how it can be used to consult a doctor.
Ans: Students, do it yourself.
| Think and Answer |
1. What did you enjoy doing?
Ans: I enjoyed learning how to plan health activities and helping in community health tasks like vaccination.
2. What were the challenges you faced?
Ans: It was challenging to coordinate with health workers, explain things clearly to people, and manage time effectively.
3. What will you do differently next time?
Ans: I will prepare better by gathering materials early, creating a small team to help, and practicing how to communicate more confidently.
4. According to you, how does drinking water get polluted and how will you ensure it is safe for drinking?
Ans: Water gets polluted from sewage, industrial waste, pesticides, and dumping garbage near water sources.
To keep it safe, I will ensure boiling or filtering water before drinking and avoid littering or dumping waste near water bodies.
5. Identify few examples of jobs related to the work you just did. For example, doctor, nurse, ASHA worker, Anganwadi worker, counseller. Can you think of any other kind of work related to health? Look around, speak to people and write your answer
Ans: Doctor, nurse, ASHA worker, Anganwadi worker, counselor.
Also: sanitation worker, waste management staff, pharmacists (handling expired medicines), telemedicine operators, public health officers.
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