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NCERT Class 7 Vocational Education Chapter 1 Plant Nursery
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Plant Nursery
Chapter: 1
PART – 1: Work With Life Forms
What will I be able to do?
At the end of project, you will be able to:
1. Describe the needs of germinating seeds and young plants.
Ans: Germinating seeds and young plants need air, sunlight, nutrients, water, and a favorable environment to grow properly. They require the right amount of moisture, optimal temperature, and suitable humidity levels. Extreme temperatures or too much/little humidity can harm their growth.
2. Cultivate new plants using different plant propagation methods.
Ans: Plants can be cultivated through different propagation methods. Some plants grow from tiny seeds, while others can be grown directly from parts of the mother plant, like branches or tubers (e.g., potatoes). By using seeds, cuttings, tubers, or grafting methods, new plants can be propagated easily and grown into healthy trees or flowering plants.
3. Provide suitable conditions for initial growth of plants.
Ans: To support the initial growth of plants, it is important to provide suitable conditions such as enough sunlight, clean air, adequate water, and rich nutrients in the soil.
4. Develop a plant nursery in the school.
Ans: A plant nursery can be developed in the school by choosing a suitable place with good sunlight and proper soil. In the nursery, small plants can be grown from seeds, cuttings, and tubers. Conditions like temperature, humidity, and soil moisture should be carefully managed. Shade nets, water sources, and protection from pests can also be arranged.
| Activity – 1: Visit to a Nearby Plant Nursery |
1. How do you ensure that plants receive the right amount and duration of sunlight?
Ans: Plants receive the right amount and duration of sunlight mainly through natural environmental factors and their own biological adaptations.
2. What methods do you use to provide shade for plants
Ans: To provide shade for plants, I would use these methods:
Shade nets or cloth over plants, Natural shade from trees or tall plants, Garden umbrellas for quick shade, Trellises or pergolas with climbers, Moveable pots to shift into shade.
3. What measures do you take to maintain ideal temperature for plants?
Ans: To maintain an ideal temperature for plants, I would can do:
(i) Greenhouse for control.
(ii) Shade during heat.
(iii) Ventilation for airflow.
(iv) Water regularly.
(v) Use heat mats if it’s cold.
(vi) Grow in the right season.
4. How do you make sure that plants receive right amount of water?
Ans: To make sure plants get the right amount of water:
Check the soil moisture, water deeply when dry, adjust for plant type and weather, and use mulch to retain moisture.
5. How is optimal humidity maintained?
Ans: Optimal humidity is usually maintained by controlling the amount of moisture in the air using different methods, depending on whether the air is too dry or too humid.
6. Is there anything else that plants need for their healthy growth?
Ans: Yes, Plants need sunlight, water, nutrients, oxygen, proper temperature, space, and protection from pests for healthy growth. These elements are essential for photosynthesis, root respiration, and overall development.
7. How do you prevent damage to plants from external factors, like pests, animals or human activity (e.g., are there pathways between plant beds and protective fencing)?
Ans: To protect plants, use a combination of pest controls (like pesticides, barriers, and companion planting), animal deterrents (including fencing, repellents, and raised beds), and manage human activity (by establishing pathways, fencing, and signage). Regular monitoring and environmental measures, such as mulch or greenhouses, can further enhance protection.
8. How are plants transported from the nursery to home gardens/farms?
Ans: Plants are transported from nurseries to gardens or farms using personal vehicles, delivery services, or freight shipping. Smaller plants go in personal cars, while larger ones need trucks or trailers. For distant locations, temperature-controlled freight is used. Key considerations include timing transport to cooler parts of the day, protecting plants, and following pest control regulations.
| Activity – 2: Planning And Laying Out Plant Nursery |
1. What is the available space for the nursery?
Ans: The available space for the nursery can be calculated by measuring the length and width of the selected area. Multiply the length by the width to get the area in square feet.
For example, if the length of the area is 15 feet and the width is 10 feet, the available space would be:
Available space = Length × Width = 15 ft × 10 ft = 150 square feet.
2. What factors were considered while choosing the particular location?
Ans: Factors considered for the nursery location:
(i) Sunlight: At least 2-3 hours of direct sunlight.
(ii) Water drainage: Proper drainage to avoid waterlogging.
(iii) Space: 150-200 square feet.
(iv) Accessibility: Easy access for care and maintenance.
(v) Alternatives: Use unused spaces, pathways, or pots if land is unavailable.
Draw a layout or sketch of the nursery with dimensions (length, width). Show as many details as you can – pathways, source of water, layout of beds, and so on.
Ans: We can design the nursery as per the given below-
 |
| Activity – 3: Preparing Land And Setting Up Shade-Net |
1. What kind of shade-net or clothes did you use to provide
shade to the plants?
Ans: I used a green shade-net with a 50% shading percentage to provide shade to the plants. This helps reduce the excessive sunlight and prevents heat stress. In the absence of a green shade-net, I could also use old clothes (like sarees) or tree branches as alternative shading materials.
2. Which materials did you use to fix the shade-net (e.g., bamboo, wooden pole, mild steel pipe, etc.)?
Ans: To fix the shade-net, I used bamboo poles at the nursery boundary. For additional stability, I secured the poles with discarded pipes, bamboo, and fallen branches. This structure prevents entry by animals and humans, providing necessary protection for the plants.
| Activity – 4: Germinating Seeds |
1. Which seed did you use for conducting seed germination test?
Ans: You can fill in the specific seed you used, such as cereal or pulses seeds.
2. How many seeds were used for the germination test?
Ans: 100 seeds were used for the germination test.
3. How many days did it take for the seeds to germinate?
Ans: The seeds took 3-5 days to germinate.
4. How many seeds germinated?
Ans: This will depend on your observation; for example, you can fill in the number based on your test, such as 80 seeds.
5. What was the germination rate?
Ans: The germination rate can be calculated using the formula:
Germination rate (%) = Number of germinated seeds 100 ) × 100
Germination rate (%) = 80 (100) × 100 = 80%
| Activity – 5: Raising Plants in The Nursery |
Method 1: Sowing seeds on raised-bed nursery
1. Which seeds did you sow in the raised-bed?
Ans: I sowed tomato and marigold seeds in the raised-bed.
2. What have you done to provide optimal conditions for growth of seedling?
Ans: I mixed the seeds with fine sand to help with even sowing. After sowing, I gently covered the seeds with soil and watered them regularly using a watering can to keep the soil moist.
Method 2: Sowing seeds in plug or seedling trays.
1. Which method did you use for sowing the seeds? (If you have used more than one method, please mention all of them.)
Ans: I used the seedling tray method for sowing seeds.
2. What steps have you taken to provide optimal conditions for the growth of seedlings?
Ans: I soaked the cocopeat in water and filled the trays with the soaked cocopeat. I sowed 1–2 seeds per hole and covered the tray with a tarpaulin sheet. I kept the covered tray aside for 2–3 days and placed it in a shade-net nursery once the seeds started germinating.
Method 3: Raising plants using stem cuttings
1. Which kind of plants did you use for plant propagation using cuttings? Did you use a cutting of hard, semi-hard or softwood?
Ans: I used a rose cutting, which is a semi-hardwood cutting.
2. What have you done to ensure conditions for growth?
Ans: I dipped the lower end of the cutting in rooting hormone powder and placed it in a soil-compost mixture. I ensured proper drainage and moisture levels to promote healthy root growth.
| Activity – 7: Calculating The Cost |
What did I learn from others?
1. Write about three most useful things you learnt from the
visit to the plant nursery/interaction with the expert.
Ans: Three most useful things I learned from the visit to the plant nursery/interaction with the expert:
(i) Plant Care Techniques: I learned the importance of proper watering techniques and how to identify when a plant needs water. The expert shared insights on the differences in water needs depending on the plant type and climate.
(ii) Soil Health and Fertilization: The expert emphasized the importance of soil quality for plant growth. I learned about the types of fertilizers that suit different plants and the importance of regular soil testing to maintain plant health.
(iii) Plant Pruning and Maintenance: I learned the correct way to prune plants to promote healthy growth. The expert demonstrated how cutting dead or damaged branches can enhance the plant’s overall health and appearance.
2. Describe three things you learned while making the plant nursery with your peer?
Ans: Three things I learned while making the plant nursery with my peer:
(i) Teamwork and Planning: Dividing tasks like potting and setting up irrigation made the process smoother.
(ii) Understanding Plant Growth: I learned about the specific needs of plants, like sunlight and water.
(iii) Problem-Solving: We tackled challenges like space limitations and plant health by adjusting schedules and rearranging pots.
| Think and Answer |
1. What did you enjoy doing?
Ans: I enjoyed working with my peer, learning about plant growth, and nurturing them. The experience of seeing plants grow from seeds to full plants was rewarding.
2. What were the challenges you faced?
Ans: The main challenges were managing the diverse needs of the plants, such as watering, sunlight, and pest control, which required constant attention and care.
3. What will you do differently next time?
Ans: Next time, I would create a more structured care schedule, invest in better tools, and seek advice from experts for more efficient plant care.
4. Identify few examples of jobs related to the work you did in this project. For example, gardener, botanist, forest officer, farmer, agriculture scientist. Look around, speak to people and write your answer.
Ans: (i) Horticulturist: An expert in garden management, specializing in growing and cultivating plants, focusing on their aesthetic and functional roles in the landscape.
(ii) Ecologist: A scientist who studies the relationship between plants, animals, and their environment. An ecologist’s insights could help ensure that plant growth is environmentally sustainable.
(iii) Agronomist: A professional focused on soil management and crop production, particularly valuable in understanding the best practices for growing plants at scale.
(vi) Nursery Manager: Responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of a plant nursery, including plant care, inventory, and sales.
(vii) Sustainable Farming Consultant: Advises on growing plants using eco-friendly practices and sustainable methods, aligning closely with the principles of organic gardening.
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