Class 12 Economics Chapter 10 Poverty Question answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters HS 2nd Year Economics Notes, AHSEC Class 12 Economics Chapter 10 Poverty, Class 12 Economics Question Answer In English Notes and select needs one.
Class 12 Economics Chapter 10 Poverty
Also, you can read the NCERT book Notes Class 12 Economics Chapter 10 Poverty online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT Class 12 Economics Chapter 10 Poverty (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of AHSEC All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board Class 12 Economics Chapter 10 Poverty Solutions for All Subjects, You can practice these here in Class 12 Economics Chapter 10 Poverty.
Poverty
Chapter: 10
PART – B
VERY SHORT TYPE QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. Define the term poverty?
Ans : It is a social phenomenon in which a section of the society is unable to fulfil even its basic necessities of life.
2. What is poverty line?
Ans : It is a cut-off point on the income distribution which divides the population as poor and non-poor.
3. Define Absolute poverty?
Ans : Absolute poverty is the poverty below the bread line.
4. Define Relative poverty?
Ans : It is a comparative study of poor people between two regions or countries.
5. What is the amount of consumption expenditure to determine poverty line in India?
Ans : In Rural areas- Rs. 229 per month
In Urban areas- Rs. 264 per month
( according to 1993 – 94 prices)
6. How much calories intake is required in rural urban sector in India?
Ans : In Rural areas- 2400 calories per person
In urban areas- 2100 calories per person.
7. Define inequalities of income.
Ans : It refers to the variations in the distribution of income in the society.
8. What is meant by trickle down effect?
Ans : Transferring income from asset owing units to non-asset owing units.
9. What are social security measures for removing poverty?
Ans : These are pension, gratuity, maternity leave.
10. Mention two food security measures for poor class.
Ans : (a) Integrated Child Development Scheme
(b) Mid-Day Meals at Schools.
11. Which employment generating programme for poverty eradication was introduced on 15th August 2008?
Ans : Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)
12. What is meant by ‘Food for Work’ programme?
Ans : The project in which government takes work from the labourers and provide food in place of work.
13. What was the poverty ratio in India according to NSSO 2004-05?
Ans : 21.8%
14. What is vicious circle of poverty?
Ans : It means a poor person always remains poor. It leads to low productivity and low income.
15. How many people lived below poverty line in 1999-2000 and 2004-05 in India?
Ans : In 1999 – 2000 —26%
In 2004 – 2005 — 22%
B. SHORT & LONG TYPE QUESTION AND ANSWERS:
1. Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify poor?
Ans : The calorie based norms can’t give property the numbers of poor and the proportion it compared. This norm can not provide an adequate idea of different levels of poverty of people and their distribution between states and overtime.
2. What is meant by ‘Food for Work’ programme?
Ans : The project in which government takes work from the labourers and provide food in place of work.
3. Why are employment generation programme important in poverty alleviation in India?
Ans : The employment generation programmes assumes self-employment to the needy persons by providing finance and technical guidance. It encourages self-employment and provides supplementary wage employment.
4. How can creation of income earning assets address the problem of poverty?
Ans : These assets increase the employment and income. The capital formation also increases. As a result poverty reduces.
5. The three dimensional attack on poverty adopted by the government has not succeded in poverty alleviation in India. Comment.
Ans :
(a) Efforts of Economic Growth: In it govt. is trying to develop agriculture and industrial sector.
(b) Expansion of self-Employment Programme: For it, the govt. is providing finance and training to the people. It will increase income and employment. As a result poverty will reduce.
(c) Supply of Minimum Basic Needs: In this regard, govt. has introduced schemes like, Public Distribution System (PDS), Integrated Child Development Scheme, Mid-Day Meal Scheme etc.
6. What programmes has the government adopted to help the elderly people and poor destitute women?
Ans : Some of the programmes are –
(a) National Old Age Pension Scheme
(b) National Family Benefit Scheme.
(c) National Maternity Benefit Scheme.
(d) Public Distribution System
(e) Mid-Day-Meal
(f) Antodya Ann Yojana
(g) Aam Admi Bima Yojana.
7. Is there any relationship between unemployment and poverty? Explain.
Ans : Both are independent to each other. When unemployment prevails people don’t get income of life and they become poor. In this way, unemployment gives birth to poverty. Therefore, there is certain relationship between unemployment and poverty.
8. Suppose you are from a poor family and you wish to get help from the government to set up a petty shop. Under which scheme will you apply for assistance and why?
Ans : Under Public Distribution Scheme. (PDS)
Because, this is one of the poverty alleviation programme introduced by government. Under this scheme, poor people are provided food grains on cheaper rates through fair price shop so as to assure food security to them.
9. Illustrate the difference between rural and urban poverty. Is it correct to say that poverty has shifted from rural to urban areas? Use the trends in poverty ratio to support your answer?
Ans : Poverty which prevails in rural areas is called rural poverty. But poverty which exists in urban areas is called urban poverty.
In india, the rural poverty was 37.3% in 1993-94, which reduced to 21.8% in 2004-05. Urban poverty also reduced from 32.4% to 21.7% during the same period. In this way the declining poverty ratio was the same in both rural and urban areas in 2004-05. It seems that rural poverty has shifted from rural to urban areas.
10. Suppose you are a resident of a village, suggest few measures to tackle the problem of poverty?
Ans : Suggestion to remove rural poverty are –
(a) Gainful wages and self-employment opportunity for poor class.
(b) Stringent measures against exploitation of child and women labour.
(c) Adequate expansion of free social services-health and education for rural and urban poor.
(d) Ceiling on land holdings and surplus land for landless farmers with required amount of finance.
(e) Minimum wages should be guaranteed by the government to every workers.
11. Give example each of self employment in rural and urban areas.
Ans : Rural self-employment-Baskets making in villages.
Urban self-employment-Candle, plastic bags making in urban areas.
12. Explain the features of poverty in India.
Ans : The features of poverty in India are:
(a) Poverty in rural areas had always been on higher sides than that in urban areas in India.
(b) Significant fall in poverty took place in 1977-78 to 1983-84.
(c) Poverty in India in mid seventies was slightly more than 50%, which means every second Indian, a poor.
13. Mentions some causes of poverty?
Ans : (a) Slow economic growth rate.
(b) Increase in population.
(c) Increase in unemployment.
(d) Inequalities of income and wealth.
(e) Exploitation under British Rule.
14. Write some measures to control poverty?
Ans : (a) Control over population.
(b) Control over inflation
(c) Introduction of social-security measures.
(d) Increase in investment.
(e) Encouragement to cottage and small scale industries.
15. Distinguish between Absolute and Relative poverty.
Ans : The main differences are –
(a) Absolute poverty refers to total number of persons living below poverty line. But relative poverty is a comparative study of poor people between two regions or countries.
(b) Absolute poverty is estimated on the basis of calories criterion or minimum consumption expenditure criterion. But relative poverty i estimated on the basis of some international standard such as dollar criterion.
16. Briefly explain the three dimensional attack on poverty adopted by the govt.
Ans : (a) Efforts of Economic Growth: In it govt. is trying to develop agriculture and industrial sector.
(b) Expansion of self-Employment Programme: For it, the govt. is providing finance and training to the people. It will increase income and employment. As a result poverty will reduce.
(c) Supply of Minimum Basic Needs: In this regard, govt. has introduced schemes like, Public Distribution System (PDS), Integrated Child Development Scheme, Mid-Day Meal Scheme etc.
17. Mention some poverty alleviation programmes of the government.
Ans : There are –
(a) Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme. (PMEGP)
(b) Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY)
(c) Prime Minister Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGY)
(d) Antodya Ann Yojana (AAY)
(e) Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)
(f) National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGA)
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