Class 11 Media and Entertainment Chapter 1 Colour Theory

Class 11 Media and Entertainment Chapter 1 Colour Theory Solutions English Medium As Per AHSEC New Syllabus to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse through different chapters Class 11 Media and Entertainment Chapter 1 Colour Theory Question Answer and select need one. Class 11 Media and Entertainment Chapter 1 Colour Theory Notes Download PDF. AHSEC Class 11 Elective Media and Entertainment Question Answer English Medium.

Class 11 Media and Entertainment Chapter 1 Colour Theory

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Also, you can read the NCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Book guidelines. AHSEC Class 11 Elective Media and Entertainment Textual Solutions are part of All Subject Solutions. Here we have given AHSEC Class 11 Media and Entertainment Textbook Solutions English Medium for All Chapters, You can practice these here.

Colour Theory

Chapter: 1

 A. Fill in the Blanks:

1. The property that permits a colour to be classified as red, yellow, green, blue or an intermediate colour between any contiguous pair of these colours is known as _____________. 

Ans: Hue. 

2. The purity of colour is known as ______________. 

Ans: Saturation. 

3. The colour _____________ is the brightness or lightness of colour. 

Ans: Value.

4. Tints are obtained by adding ________________ to a pure hue. 

Ans: White.

5. Shades are obtained by adding _________________ to a pure hue. 

Ans: Black. 

6. Tones are obtained by adding________________ to a pure hue. 

Ans: Grey. 

7. A colour theory can be broken down into three parts— colour ______________, colour harmony and colour context.

Ans: Wheel.

What have you learnt?

On the completion of this Session, you will be able to:

(i)  Describe the basic colour theory principles.

Ans: Colour theory is a term used to describe the rules and guidelines regarding the use of colour in art and design. Colour theory focuses on colour mixing and visual effects of a specific colour combination. Combining colours is both an art, as well as, a science. You might be aware that there are primary colours, secondary colours, and tertiary colours.

Primary colours are a set of colours that can be combined to make a useful range of colours. Red, blue and yellow are the primary colours, and form the base of every other colour. Primary colours can be mixed together to produce secondary colours.

There are many theories for harmony. However, there are three basic categories of colour theory that are logical and useful  the colour wheel, colour harmony, and the context of how colours are used. Colour harmony provides a visual interest and a sense of order.

(i) Colour wheel: The colour wheel can be used to help remember primary and secondary colours. Tertiary colours are combinations of primary and secondary colours.

As a Texturing Artist, an individual develops textures for the digital media, which could be in the form of 2D or 3D art that may be overlaid onto a polygon mesh to create a realistic 3D model. The Texturing Artist must understand how a particular colour behaves in relation to other colours and shapes, which is a complex part of the colour theory. By selecting the right colour from the colour wheel, the Texturing Artist can create an ambience of elegance, warmth or tranquility using cool or warm colours.

(ii) Colour harmony: Colour harmony refers to the property which is created through aesthetically pleasing colour combinations.

(iii) Colour context: The relationship of values, saturations and the warmth or coolness of hues should be understood by the Texturing Artist, as these create differences in our perception of colour.

(ii) Explain the meaning of terms related to colour theory.

Ans: Basic Terms Related to Colour Theory: Hue, saturation and value are the three components of a colour: 

(i) Hue: It is one of the main properties of a colour, which permits a colour to be classified as red, yellow, green, blue, or an intermediate colour between any contiguous pair of these colours). 

(ii) Saturation: Saturation in colour theory can be defined as the purity of a colour. Hundred per cent saturation is the maximum purity limit of a colour.

(iii) Value: The colour value is the brightness or lightness of a colour. 

(iv) Tint: Tint can be achieved by adding white to any hue. 

(v) Tone: Tone can be achieved by adding grey to any hue. 

A. Fill in the Blanks: 

1. A colour wheel shows the relationship between ______________, secondary and complementary colours. 

Ans: Primary. 

2. Colour wheel can be categorised into ______________ and technical colour wheel. 

Ans: Artist colour wheel.

3. Technical colour wheel can be categorised into ______________ and print media colour wheel. 

Ans: Digital colour wheel.

4. Mixing red and yellow gives ______________. 

Ans: Orange.

5. Mixing yellow and blue gives ______________. 

Ans: Green. 

6. Mixing red and blue gives ______________. 

Ans: Violet (purple). 

7. In RYB artistic colour wheel, R stands for ______________, Y for ______________and B for ______________.

Ans: R = Red, Y = Yellow, B = Blue.

B. Subjective Questions:

1. What are the two types of technical colour wheel? Write a short note on each of them.

Ans: The two types of technical colour wheel are Digital colour wheel and Print media colour wheel.

(i) Digital colour wheel: Mixing colours digitally is not the same as mixing them physically, therefore, it is important to understand digital colour mixing. Screens use an additive colour model (the additive primary colours are Red, Green, and Blue i.e., RGB) rather than the reflective colour model. Television, cameras, scanners and computer monitors are based on the additive system of colour, where red, green and blue light projected together yield white colour. Digitally storing an image requires that it should be broken down into a grid of tiny pixels

(ii) Print media colour wheel: Print media creates colour by subtracting or absorbing certain wavelengths of colour while reflecting other wavelengths back to the viewer. This phenomenon is called subtractive colour model. It uses Cyan, Magenta and Yellow (CMY) pigments or dyes to subtract portions of white light illuminating an object to produce other colours. Traditionally, the primary colours used in subtractive process were red, yellow and blue, as these were the colours that Painters used to mix to get all the other hues. The subtractive colour system involves colourants and reflected light. Colour paintings, colour photography and colour printing processes use the subtractive process to reproduce colour

2. Write a short note on the following: 

(i) Primary colours.

Ans: Primary colours are the basic colours on the colour wheel. These are called so because no two colours can be mixed to create a ‘primary colour’. All other colours found on the colour wheel can be created by mixing the primary colours. The three primary colours of artistic colour wheel are Red, Yellow and Blue (RYB).

(iii) Secondary colours.

Ans: Secondary colours are created by mixing equal parts of any two primary colours. The secondary colours are orange, green and purple. 

Red + Yellow = Orange 

Yellow + Blue = Green 

Blue + Red = Violet (purple

(iii) Tertiary colours.

Ans: A tertiary colour is made by mixing one primary colour and the adjacent secondary colour. Such colours are created by mixing equal parts of a primary and secondary colour. There are six tertiary colours, namely red-purple, red-orange, blue-green, yellow-green, blue purple, and yellow-orange.

What have you learnt?

On the completion of this Session, you will be able to:

(i) Differentiate between primary and secondary colours.

Ans: 

(ii) Differentiate between secondary and tertiary colours. 

Ans: 

(iii) Mix primary colours to prepare secondary and tertiary colours.

Ans: Students do it by yourself.

(iv) Create a colour wheel from primary colours.

Ans: Students do it by yourself.

(v) Distinguish between artistic and technical colour wheel.

Ans: 

 A. Fill in the Blanks:

1. The main purpose of RGB colour model is for representation and display of images in ____________ media. 

Ans: Electronic. 

2. Input devices, such as video camera, image scanner and digital camera use ______________colour wheel. 

Ans: RGB. 

3. Primary colours for print media colour wheel are cyan, magenta, _____________________ and black. 

Ans: Yellow. 

B. Subjective Questions:

1. Write a short note on RGB colour model.

Ans: The RGB colour model is used to represent and display images in electronic display devices, such as television, projector, and monitor. It is also used in digital photography. The typical RGB output devices are colour television, monitor, multimedia projector and mobile phone display, which use either TFT (Thin Film Transistor), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), LED (Light Emitting Diode), OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or Plasma Technology and RGB input devices, which include video cameras, image scanners and digital cameras. Colour printers, on the other hand, are not RGB devices but subtractive colour devices, typically CMYK [Cyan Magenta Yellow Key (Black)] colour model.

2. Write a short note on CMYK colour model. 

Ans: The CMYK colour model (a four colour process model) is a subtractive colour model used in colour printing. It is used to describe the colour printing process. CMYK refers to the four colour inks used in printing, which are — cyan, magenta, yellow and key (black).

The ‘K’ in CMYK represents ‘Key’ because in four-colour printing, cyan, magenta and yellow printing plates are carefully ‘keyed’ or aligned with the ‘key’ of the black key plate (Figure 1.14). The ‘K’ in CMYK stands for Key, which denotes ‘black’. The reason for not using the ‘B’ of ‘black’ is that this letter represents ‘blue’ in the RGB model, which was developed earlier. CMY being the complementary (subtractive) colours, which when mixed together must theoretically generate ‘black’ (absence of all colours). The ‘black’ generated by mixing cyan, magenta and yellow inks is not exactly black, it generates a ‘muddy brown’ colour. Hence, four-colour printing uses the extra fourth colour pigment, i.e., black ink, to create a pure black colour.

A digital image created for the print media in CMYK mode stores each colour value in an 8 Bits channel. Hence, cyan colour value is stored in an 8 Bits channel; magenta is stored in a separate 8 Bits channel, yellow in another 8 Bits channel, and black in yet another 8 Bits channel. Hence, a CMYK image has 8 Bits × 4 Channels = 32 Bits Image.

What have you learnt?

On the completion of this Session, you will be able to:

(i) Describe the RGB model.

Ans: The RGB colour model is used to represent and display images in electronic display devices, such as television, projector, and monitor. It is also used in digital photography. The typical RGB output devices are colour television, monitor, multimedia projector and mobile phone display, which use either TFT (Thin Film Transistor), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), LED (Light Emitting Diode), OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or Plasma Technology and RGB input devices, which include video cameras, image scanners and digital cameras. Colour printers, on the other hand, are not RGB devices but subtractive colour devices, typically CMYK [Cyan Magenta Yellow Key (Black)] colour model.

To form a colour with RGB, three coloured light beams (red, green and blue) must be superimposed (for example, by emission from a black screen, or by reflection from a white screen). Each of the three beams is called a component of that colour, and each can have an arbitrary intensity, from ‘fully off’ to ‘fully on’ in the mixture. The RGB model is an additive colour model, in which the three light beams are added together and wavelengths of the light spectra are added to make the f inal spectrum of the colours.

Zero intensity for each component gives the darkest colour, and full intensity of each gives a white. The quality of white depends on the nature of primary light sources, but if they are properly balanced, the result is neutral white. When the intensity of all component colours is the same, the result is a shade of grey, which is darker or lighter, depending on the intensity. When the intensities are different, the result is a colourised hue, more or less saturated, depending on the difference of the strongest and weakest intensities of the primary colours employed.

When one of the components has the strongest intensity, the colour is a hue near that primary colour (reddish, greenish or bluish). When two components have the same strong intensity, then the colour is a hue of a secondary colour (a shade of cyan, magenta or yellow). A secondary colour is formed by mixing two primary colours of equal intensity. Cyan is formed by adding green and blue, magenta with red and blue, and yellow with red and green. Every secondary colour is the complement of one primary colour. When a primary and its complementary secondary colours are added together, the result is white. Cyan complements red, magenta, green, yellow and blue.

A digital image created in RGB mode stores each colour value in an ‘8 Bits Channel’. Hence, red value is stored in an 8 Bits Channel, green in a separate 8 Bits Channel, and blue in yet another 8 Bits Channel. Hence, the RGB image has 8 Bits × 3 Channels = 24 Bits image. This image will have 224 colour = 16.78 million colour shades (true colour image).

(ii) Select colours from the colour wheel as per the requirement.

Ans: Students do it by yourself.

A. Fill in the Blanks:

1. Pixel is the basic or fundamental unit of an ___________. 

Ans: Image.

2. A single pixel has ____________colour information. 

Ans: Only one. 

3. Resolution is a ________________digit by which the quality of an image is measured. 

Ans: Numerical.

4. Resolution is calculated as the number of _________ present per inch of the image.

Ans: Pixels. 

B. Subjective Questions:

1. Write a short note on pixel.

Ans: Pixel is the basic or fundamental unit of an image. One pixel has only one colour information. However, each pixel is made up of three different colour components, i.e., red, green and blue in different percentages. The value of the pixel at any point denotes the intensity of image at that location, and that is also known as grey level. In an 8 bits grey scale image, the value of the pixel is between 0 and 255. The value 0 means absence of light. It means that 0 denotes dark, which means that whenever a pixel has a value of 0, black colour would be formed at that point. 

The value of a pixel at any point corresponds to the intensity of the light photons striking at that point. Each pixel stores a value proportional to the light intensity at that particular location. A digital colour image pixel is just numbers representing an RGB data value (Red, Green, Blue).

2. What is pixel resolution?

Ans: In pixel resolution, the term resolution refers to the total number of count of pixels in a digital image. For example, if an image has A rows and B columns, then its resolution can be defined as A × B. Pixel resolution can be defined with a set of two numbers. The first number is the width of the picture, or the pixels across columns, and the second number is height of the picture, or the pixels across its width. We can say that the higher the pixel resolution, the higher is the quality of the image.

What have you learnt?

On the completion of this Session, you will be able to:

(i) Describe the meaning of ‘pixel’.

Ans: Pixel is the basic or fundamental unit of an image. One pixel has only one colour information. However, each pixel is made up of three different colour components, i.e., red, green and blue in different percentages. The value of the pixel at any point denotes the intensity of image at that location, and that is also known as grey level. In an 8 bits grey scale image, the value of the pixel is between 0 and 255. The value 0 means absence of light. It means that 0 denotes dark, which means that whenever a pixel has a value of 0, black colour would be formed at that point. 

The value of a pixel at any point corresponds to the intensity of the light photons striking at that point. Each pixel stores a value proportional to the light intensity at that particular location. A digital colour image pixel is just numbers representing an RGB data value (Red, Green, Blue).

(ii)  Differentiate between high and low resolution.

Ans:

 A. Fill in the Blanks: 

1. A colour scheme, which consists of two colours that are opposite to each other on the colour wheel, is known as ________________colour scheme. 

Ans: Complementary.

2. The scheme which offers stronger _________________ than any other colour scheme and draws maximum attention is known as complementary colour scheme. 

Ans: Contrast.

3. When colours are made with orange, red, yellow and a combination of them, these colours are called ________________colours. 

Ans: Warm.

4. When colours, such as blue, green and light purple are used for mixing purpose, then they are known as ____________colours.

Ans: Cool.

B. Subjective Questions: 

1. Differentiate between monochromatic, analogous and complementary colour schemes.

Ans: 

 2. Write a short note on cool and warm colours.

Ans: Warm colours are made of a combination of red, yellow and orange. As the name indicates, they tend to make you think of sunlight and heat. Warm colours are vivid and energetic and tend to advance in space. Examples are red, yellow and orange. 

Cool colours are associated with cool things and give a calm and soothing feeling. Cool colours remind us of water and sky. Examples are blue, purple and green. White, black and grey are considered to be neutral colours. 

What have you learnt?

On the completion of this Session, you will be able to:

(i)  Distinguish between monochromatic, analogous and complementary colour schemes. 

Ans: 

(ii)  Describe the advantages and limitations of various colour schemes.

Ans: Monochromatic — advantages:

This scheme looks clean and elegant. Monochromatic colours go well together, producing a soothing effect. It is easy on the eyes, especially blue or green hues. You can use it to establish an overall mood.

The monochromatic scheme is easy to manage, and always looks balanced and visually appealing.

Monochromatic — limitations:

However, when using this scheme, it can be difficult to highlight the most important elements. This scheme lacks colour contrast. It is not as vibrant as the complementary scheme.

Analogous — advantages:

The analogous colour scheme uses colours that are adjacent to each other on the colour wheel. One colour is used as a dominant colour, while others are used to enrich the scheme. The analogous colour scheme is similar to monochromatic colour scheme, but offers more tones.

Analogous — limitations:

It is advisable to avoid using too many hues in the analogous scheme as this may ruin the harmony.

Avoid combining warm and cool colours in this scheme as they can destroy the present analogous situation.

Complementary — advantages:

This scheme is intrinsically high-contrast. When using the complementary scheme, it is important to choose a dominant colour and use its complementary colour for accents.

By using one colour for the background and its complementary colour to highlight the important elements, you will get colour dominance combined with sharp colour contrast.

The complementary colour scheme offers stronger contrast than any other colour scheme and draws maximum attention.

Complementary — limitations:

This scheme is harder to balance than monochromatic and analogous schemes, especially when de-saturated (less pure) warm colours are used.

(iii) Create colour schemes as per the requirement.

Ans: Students do it by yourself.

Parimol

Hi! my Name is Parimal Roy. I have completed my Bachelor’s degree in Philosophy (B.A.) from Silapathar General College. Currently, I am working as an HR Manager at Dev Library. It is a website that provides study materials for students from Class 3 to 12, including SCERT and NCERT notes. It also offers resources for BA, B.Com, B.Sc, and Computer Science, along with postgraduate notes. Besides study materials, the website has novels, eBooks, health and finance articles, biographies, quotes, and more.