Class 11 Anthropology Chapter 3 Human Taxonomy

Class 11 Anthropology Chapter 3 Human Taxonomy As Per New Syllabus. Class 11 Question Answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters SCERT Class 11 Anthropology Chapter 3 Human Taxonomy and select needs one.

Class 11 Anthropology Chapter 3 Human Taxonomy

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Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. NCERT Solution of Class 11 Anthropology Chapter 3 Human Taxonomy is part of AHSEC All Subject Solutions. Here we have given AHSEC Class 11 Anthropology Chapter 3 Human Taxonomy Notes for All Subjects, You can practice these here.

Human Taxonomy

Chapter – 3

EXERCISES

1. Which animal of the animal kingdom is studied in anthropology?

Ans: The human of the animal kingdom is studied in anthropology.

2. Name the anthropoid ape found in North East India or Assam.

Ans: The anthropoid ape found in North East India or Assam is gibbon.

3. Name two anthropoid apes found in Africa.

Ans: Two anthropoid apes found in Africa are:- Chimpanzee and Gorilla.

4. Name two anthropoid apes found in Asia.

Ans: Two anthropoid apes found in Asia are: Gibbons and Orangutan.

5. What are the different types of ape and name it.

Ans: The different types of ape are: Gibbon, Orangutan, Chimpanzee and Gorilla.

6. Write the characteristics features of Gibbon?

Ans: The characteristics features of Gibbon are:

(a) The height of the Gibbon does not exceed 3 ft. and the weight of the adult Gibbon ranges from 11 to 15 pounds. There is no difference between the male and female regarding size.

(b) The body is covered with fine wooly hair. The colour of the hair is white, grey and sometimes black.

(c) The Gibbon can pick up any material from the ground without stooping.

(d) At one time Gibbon can stand erect. The arms are excessively long in comparison to the length of the leg.

(e) The hand is very long and narrow with a relatively short thumb.

7. Write the characteristics features of Orangutan?

Ans: The characteristics features of Orangutan are:

(a) The weight of adult male varies from 165 to 200 pounds.

(b) Their height is nearly 5 ft.

(c)The body is covered with long, coarse hair of reddish brown color.

(d) The chest is barrel like.

(e) The hands are long and narrow with elongated fingers.

8. Write four characteristics features of Chimpanzee?

Ans: The characteristics features of Chimpanzee are:

(a) The average height of the adult male is 5 ft.

(b) The weight of adult male and females are 110 and 88 pounds.

(c) The body is covered with long and coarse hair of various colors.

(d) There are no hairs on the face, hands and feet.

(e) Most species of Chimpanzee have round low vaulted heads.

9. Write the characteristics features of Gorilla?

Ans: The characteristics features of Gorilla are:

(a) The height ranges from 5 ft. to 6 ft. in lowland gorillas and 5 ft. 3 inches to 5 ft. 10 inches in mountain gorillas.

(b) The weight of the body of adult males ranges from 350 to 600 pounds.

(c) The body is covered with long and black coloured hairs.

(d) The face, palm and soles are completely devoid of hair.

(e) The skull is massive.

10. Write the name of the book written by Linnaeus in 1735.

Ans: The name of the book written by Linnaeus in 1735 is “Systema Naturae”.

11. Write the differences between platyrrhine and catarrhine monkey?

Ans: The differences between platyrrhine and catarrhine monkey are:

12. What are the different types of Chimpanzee?

Ans: The different types of Chimpanzee are:- the white faced, the black faced, bald headed chimpanzee and the pygmy chimpanzee.

13. Write the names of three animals included in Prosimii?

Ans: The names of three animals included in Prosimii are: lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers.

14. Write the characteristics features of mammals?

Ans: The characteristics features of mammals are:

(a) Presence of hair, a new integumentary unit, quite different from the other groups.

(b) Presence of mammary glands for nourishing the young ones.

(c) Presence of sweat glands.

(d) Mammals are warm blooded, air breathing vertebrates.

(e) Presence of two condyles in the foramen magnum of the occipital bone.

15. Write the characteristics features of primates?

Ans: The characteristics features of primates are:

(a) The primates have prehensile hands and feet for arboreal life.

(b) The digits of both the hands and feet are provided with flat nails.

(c) They are able to rotate the forearm in or out, up or down and also can stretch the legs to a greater extent.

(d) The collar bones or clavicles are well developed.

(e) The primates have well marked power grip and precision grip.

16. What are the distinctive features of Hominidae?

Ans: The distinctive features of Hominidae are:

(a) Man walks bipedally with fully elect posture.

(b) The brain is complex and its all the parts are relatively enlarged.

(c) The span of life is long. Growth period is long.

(d)Less hair in the body, except dense hair on the skull.

(e) Man has of articulating speech.

17. Which primate does not have opposable thumb on feet? Write three characteristics features of that primate.

Ans: Marmosets does not have opposable thumb on feet. 

Three characteristics features of that primate are:

(a) They have got a very thick and silky fur.

(b) The colour of coat is usually white or black.

(c) The legs are longer than arms.

18. Write the dental formula of catarrhine.

Ans: The dental formula of catarrhine is 2.1.2.3.

19. Platyrrhine monkeys live in which country?

Ans: Platyrrhine monkeys live in Mexico to Argentina.

20. Mention the name of two countries where catarrhine monkey live.

Ans: The name of two countries where catarrhine monkey live are: Africa and Asia.

21. Write the geographical distribution of Gibbon.

Ans: The geographical distribution of Gibbon in tropical rainforests, and the semi deciduous mountain forests of Southeast Asia, North East India, Myanmar etc.

22. Write the geographical distribution of Orangutan.

Ans: The geographical distribution of Orangutans in Borneo and Sumatra.

23. Write the geographical distribution of Chimpanzee.

Ans: The geographical distribution of Chimpanzee in large number in the tropical forest of Africa.

24. Write the geographical distribution of Gorilla.

Ans: The geographical distribution of Gorilla in equatorial regions of Africa. 

25. Man is a member of primate. Justify your answer.

Ans: Man is a member of primate because:

(a) They depend in their day to day life much more on eyes than nose.

(b) They possess highly developed brain covered with much wrinkle cortex.

(c) The females have the tendency to hear only one baby at a time.

(d) Multiple birth are rare.

(e) Primate infants have prolonged physical and emotional dependence on their mothers.

26. Which animal is included in the family Hylobatidae?

Ans: Gibbon is included in the family Hylobatidae.

27. Name three animals which are included in the family Pongidae.

Ans: Three animals which are included in the family Pongidae are: Orangutan, Chimpanzee and Gorilla.

28. How many families are included in Hominoidea? Name it.

Ans: There are three families included in Hominidae. 

They are: Hylobatidae, Pongidae and Hominidae.

29. What is the scientific name of man?

Ans: The scientific name of man is Homo Sapiens.

30. Why man is included in the class mammal?

Ans: Man is included in the class mammal because man can not be included in the class fish, amphibians, bird and reptiles as man do not possess the characteristics of these classes in his body. Therefore, man is included in the last class which is known as mammal.

31. Write the characteristics features of the class mammal.

Ans: The characteristics features of the class mammal are:

(a) Presence of hair, a new integumentary unit, quite different from the other groups.

(b) Presence of mammary glands for nourishing the young ones.

(c) Presence of sweat glands.

(d) Mammals are warm blooded, air breathing vertebrates.

(e) Presence of two condyles in the foramen magnum of the occipital bone.

Additional Questions

1. Write in Short:

(a) Who coined the term taxonomy for the first time?

Ans: Augustian P. de Candolle coined the term taxonomy for the first time.

(b) Define the term taxonomy?

Ans: The term taxonomy is derived from two Greek words “taxis” and “nomos”. “Taxis” means arrangement and “nomos” means law. Therefore, taxonomy is a science that deals with naming, describing and classification of all living organisms including plants.

(c) Who used the term Homo in 1735?

Ans: Linnaeus used the term Homo in 1735.

(d) When did Linnaeus called man as Homo Sapiens?

Ans: In 1758, Linnaeus called man as Homo Sapiens.

(e) Name the two examples of Edentate?

Ans: The two examples of Edentate are: Armadillo and sloth.

(f) Name the two examples of Cetacea?

Ans: The two examples of Cetacea are: dolphin and whale.

(g) Name one example of Sirenia?

Ans: One example of Sirenia is sea-cow.

(h) Name the two examples of Ungulata?

Ans: The two examples of Ungulata are: horse and cow.

(i) Name the three examples of Carnivora?

Ans: The three examples of Carnivora are: dog, cat and tiger.

(j) Name the two examples of Insectivora?

Ans: The two examples of Insectivora are: shrew and moles.

(k) Name one example of Cheiroptera?

Ans: One example of Cheiroptera is bats.

(l) Name the two examples of Rodentia?

Ans: The two examples of Rodentia are: rat and squirrel.

2. Write in long:

(a) Write the characteristics features of Prosimii?

Ans: The characteristics features of Prosimii are:

(i) Prosimians are tree dwellers.

(ii) They have longer snout and the snout usually ends in a moist nose.

(iii) A larger proportion of the brain of prosimians is devoted to the sense of smell than the sense of vision.

(iv) Prosimian eyes are large and are adapted for night vision.

(v) Like all primates, prosimians have hands and feet that are capable of grasping tree limbs.

(vi) The second toe of the hind foot of prosimians has a long claw which they use for grooming. The other toes, on both the hands and the feet, have flattened nails instead of curved claws.

(vii) Prosimians have inflexible faces compared to those of monkeys and apes.

(viii) Most prosimians have 36 teeth.

(b) Write a short note on Platyrrhine?

Ans: The infra order platyrrhine is divided into one super families Ceboidea which has two families Cebidae and Callitrichidae.

(a) Cebidae: This family shows a wide range of variations in size and other characteristics. The woolly monkeys and the howler monkeys are the largest while the pygmy monkeys are the smallest one. Cebidae includes varieties of species like capuchin monkey, squirrel monkey, night monkey, spider monkey, Sakis, howler monkey,wooly monkey etc. Some of the members of this family have long tails and some has short tails . They have different sized feet. Cebidae are found in tropical and sub- tropical areas of Central and South America.

Cebidae are characterized by round heads with large, forward facing eyes and relatively short muzzles. All species are covered with fur, including the tail, ranging from short and dense in squirrel monkeys and capuchins to long. Only capuchins have prehensile tails, although their tails are used mainly to steady themselves, rarely to grasp objects. All other cebidae species have non- prehensile tails.

Cebidae have long tails, generally longer than their body length. Fur color varies from white or grays and browns to black. Cebidae hands have long, thin digits with flattened or curved nails. The thumbs are opposable in squirrel monkeys and capuchins and the first toe is large, well- developed and largely opposable in all species.

(b) Callathricidae: The true marmosets belongs to this family. They are very small animals. They have got a very thick and silky fur. The colour of coat is usually white or black. The legs are longer than arms. Forearms are short. The digits are provided with claws. The big toe has flat nails. The thumb is long and non- opposable. They have long, bushy and non- prehensile tail. They are found in the rain forest of South America. They are largely insectivorous but they also eat fruits and vegetables.

(c) Write a short note on Catarrhine.

Ans: The infra order Catarrhine is divided into two super families – Cercopithecoidea and Hominoidea. Carcopithecoidea has one family- cercopithecidae which includes two sub families- cercopithecinae and colobinae. They have got a wide range of distribution. They are abundant in Asia and Africa and are absent in Europe. They are diurnal in habit.

(a) Cercopithecinae: This sub family has got three distinct groups- papio and macaca, baboons and macaques and cercocebus manganese and cercopithecus guenons. Africa is homeland for cercocebus and cercopithecus. Papio and macaca are found both in Asia and Africa. Cercopithecines are generally more ecologically flexible, widespread, than colobinae. They include both arboreal and semi- terrestrial forms and inhabit the greatest variety of habitats of any major primate group. Cercopithecinae diets are typically more diverse. Baboons and macaques are famous for their dietary flexibility. They live on insects, leaves and fruits. All digits have flat nails. Cercopithecinae generally travel farther than colobinae as their foods are more scattered. They also spend less time resting and more time socializing. They are diurnal in habit.

(b) Colobinae: The colobinae includes the guerezas of Africa and the leaf eating monkeys or langurs of Asia. The guerezas are forest dwellers and have slender large sized bodies with long tails. The hand is specialized for brachiating. The guerezas are most of the time seen in the highest parts of the trees. These monkeys are found throughout sub- Sahara Africa. These animals live on green leaves and fruits and berries. The Asiatic representative of colobinae includes the langurs. They are distributed in India, Pakistan, China, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Sumatra etc. These langurs are arboreal in nature. The hands of langurs are adapted for brachiation. The fingers are much long and the thumbs are greatly reduced. They have large bodies with round head.

3. Choose the correct answer:

(a) When did Augustin P. de Candolle was born?

(i) 1778

(ii) 1787

(iii) 1841

(iv) 1814

Ans: (i) 1778

(b) When did the Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus was born?

(i) 1770

(ii) 1778

(iii) 1707

(iv) 1787

Ans: (iii) 1707.

(c) In which year the Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus classified the living organisms in his famous book “Systema Naturae”?

(i) 1753

(ii) 1735

(iii) 1853

(iv) 1835

Ans: (ii) 1735

(d) When did Carolus Linnaeus used the term Homo?

(i) 1745

(ii) 1735

(iii) 1835

(iv) 1853

Ans: (ii) 1735

(e) In which year Carolus Linnaeus called man as Homo Sapiens?

(i) 1758

(ii) 1785

(iii) 1786

(iv) 1759

Ans: (i) 1758

(f) Who wrote the book “The Origin of Species”?

(i) Carolus Linnaeus.

(ii) Charles Darwin.

(iii) Augustin P. de Candolle.

(iv) Aristotle.

Ans: (ii) Charles Darwin.

(g) How many families are there in Hominoidea?

(i) Three families.

(ii) Five families.

(iii) Seven families.

(iv) Three families.

Ans: (iv) Three families.

(h) Sloth is an example of which order of mammals?

(i) Edentate.

(ii) Sirenia.

(iii) Ungulata.

(iv) Cetacea.

Ans: (i) Edentate.

(i) Give an example of Sirenia?

(i) Sloth.

(ii) Sea-cow.

(iii) Dolphin.

(iv) Whale.

Ans: (ii) Sea-cow.

(j) Cow is the example of which order of mammals?

(i) Edentate.

(ii) Sirenia.

(iii) Cetacea.

(iv) Ungulata.

Ans: (iv) Ungulata.

(k) Give an example of Chiroptera?

(i) Bats.

(ii) Cow.

(iii) Horse.

(iv) Tiger.

Ans: (i) Bats.

(l) Which mammals have large chisel like incisors used for gnawing into wood?

(i) Carnivora.

(ii) Rodentia.

(iii) Insectivora.

(iv) Chiroptera.

Ans: (ii) Rodentia.

(m) In which year Linnaeus gave the name primate to a group of animals which included a number of eutherian mammals?

(i) 1785

(ii) 1759

(iii) 1758

(iv) 1795

Ans: (iii) 1758

(n) How many teeths are there in prosimians?

(i) 36

(ii) 32

(iii) 34

(iii) 33

Ans: (i) 36

(o) What is the dental formula of Lemuriformes?

(i) 3:1:2:4

(ii) 3:1:3:3

(iii) 3:1:3:2

(iv) 3:2:2:3

Ans: (ii) 3:1:3:3

(p) Which primate is found in Madagascar and Comoro islands?

(i) Daubentonioidae.

(ii) Tupaiidae.

(iii) Lemuroidea.

(iv) Prosimii.

Ans: (iii) Lemuroidea.

(q) What is the dental formula of Lorisidae?

(i) 2:1:3:3

(ii) 2:2:3:3

(iii) 2:1:3:2

(iv) 2:3:3:2

Ans: (i) 2:1:3:3

(r.) What is the cranial length of the Gibbon?

(i) 7.6 cm.

(ii) 7.5 cm.

(iii) 7.4 cm.

(iv) 7.9 cm.

Ans: (ii) 7.5 cm.

(s) What is the average height of an adult male of Chimpanzee?

(i) 4 ft.

(ii) 8 ft.

(iii) 5 ft.

(iv) 6 ft.

Ans: (iii) 5 ft.

(t) What is the average cranial capacity of a Chimpanzee?

(i) 200 c.c

(ii) 600 c.c

(iii) 300 c.c

(iv) 400 c.c

Ans: (iv) 400 c.c