SEBA Class 9 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 5 Occupational Health, Hygiene and First Aid Practices Solutions English Medium, SEBA Class 9 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Question Answer, SEBA Class 9 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 5 Occupational Health, Hygiene and First Aid Practices Question Answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapter SEBA Class 9 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 5 Occupational Health, Hygiene and First Aid Practices English Medium Solutions and select needs one.
SEBA Class 9 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 5 Occupational Health, Hygiene and First Aid Practices
Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. SEBA Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Elective Class 9 Question Answer. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given SEBA Class 9 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 5 Occupational Health, Hygiene and First Aid Practices Solutions for All Chapter, You can practice these here.
Occupational Health, Hygiene and First Aid Practices
Chapter – 5
| Session – 1: Prevent Hazardous Conditions at Workplace |
| Check Your Progress |
(A) Fill in the blanks:
1. Substances intended for preventing and mitigating pests are called ___________.
Ans: Pesticides.
2. Hazards related to agricultural machinery are called ___________.
Ans: Mechanical hazards.
3. Keep electrical equipment away from ____________.
Ans: Water.
4. Risk is defined as the danger of loss from _____________ circumstances.
Ans: Uncertain.
(B) Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Ergonomic hazards are caused by __________.
(a) Poorly designed tools.
(b) Machinery.
(c) Chemicals.
(d) Electricity.
Ans: (a) Poorly designed tools
2. The use of dangerous substances comes under __________.
(a) Ergonomic hazard.
(b) Extreme weather hazards.
(c) Chemical hazards.
(e) Natural hazards.
Ans: (c) chemical hazards.
3. Hazards due to agricultural machinery are __________.
(a) Electrical.
(b) Mechanical.
(c) Chemical.
(d) None of these.
Ans: (b) Mechanical.
4. Electrical hazards arise due to __________.
(a) Faulty switches.
(b) Spray chemicals.
(c) Farm animals.
(d) All of the above.
Ans: (a) Faulty switches.
5. Extreme toxic label for pesticide is denoted by __________.
(a) Blue.
(b) Green.
(c) Yellow.
(d) Red.
Ans: (d) Red.
6. Pesticides should be sprayed during __________.
(a) Rainy and windy days.
(b) Sunny and clear days.
(c) Foggy days.
(e) Any weather.
Ans: (b) sunny and clear days
(C) Descriptive Questions:
1. Define hazards.
Ans: A hazard may be defined as a condition that has the potential to cause an injury to human beings and adversely affect the environment. A hazard can lead to adverse health effects and physical damage under certain situations at a workplace.
2. List the various types of hazards related to agriculture and discuss them in brief.
Ans: The various types of hazards related to agriculture are as follows:
(a) Natural hazards: These hazards occur because of natural incidents, which may include meteorological (e.g., heavy rains and floods), geological (e.g., landslides and earthquakes), and biological (e.g., gas leaks) factors. Examples of natural hazards are cyclone, earthquake, tsunami and volcanic eruption. Landslide, drought, flood and fire are socio-natural or hybrid hazards as their causes may be both natural and manmade. The natural hazards threatening India include earthquakes (usually, in the Himalayan region), floods, including tsunamis (usually, in river deltas and coastal areas), and landslides (usually, in hilly areas during heavy rains).
(b) Mechanical Hazards: These are related to the use of agricultural machinery such as tractors, threshers, harvesters, and other tools. Common risks include:
(i) Cuts and bruises.
(ii) Crushing injuries.
(iii) Amputations.
(iv) Fatal accidents due to improper handling.
(c) Hazards related to pesticides and chemicals: Pesticides are solutions meant for destroying, mitigating and controlling pests. Accidental death from pesticides is a rarity but skin infections and disorders, and health issues may occur, if timely precautions are not taken. Careless handling or use of pesticides can cause harmful effects to the environment and human beings. Precautions must be taken during the selection of pesticides, their transportation, loading, mixing, application, storage and container disposal.
Pesticides may enter our food in the following ways:
(i) Extensive use in growing crops.
(ii) Frequent and unwanted application by a grower in a crop.
(iii) Application of poor quality pesticides by the grower.
(iv) A pesticide dealer cheats farmers by giving wrong advice and supplying poor quality of pesticides.
(v) Continuance of banned pesticides.
(vi) Liquid waste from pesticide manufacturing units.
(vii) Unsafe disposal of leftover pesticides and cleaning of plant protection equipment.
(viii) Pesticide production and marketing.
Precautions: Toxicity labels marked on the pesticide packing, must be taken into account while using pesticides.
(i) Chemicals should not be sprayed in foggy and windy weather.
(ii) A person spraying chemicals should not have an open injury on his/her body.
(d) Ergonomic hazards: These are caused by inappropriate and cumbersome postures, leading to damage or pain in muscles and tendons. These are mainly caused while working on or with poorly designed tools.
(e) Electrical Hazards: An electric hazard arises due to faulty switches and machines, poor quality cords, overhead power lines, etc. Faulty electrical installations and use of cheap quality equipment can even cause fires. When an equipment or a machinery gets close to a high tension line, it can lead to electric shocks, causing injury to the driver or the person handling it. In some severe cases, it can even lead to electrocution, causing permanent disability or death of a person.
3. Discuss the ways in which pesticides enter our food items.
Ans: Pesticides may enter our food in the following ways:
(i) Extensive use in growing crops.
(ii) Frequent and unwanted application by a grower in a crop.
(iii) Application of poor quality pesticides by the grower.
(iv) A pesticide dealer cheats farmers by giving wrong advice and supplying poor quality pesticides.
(v) Continuance of banned pesticides.
(vi) Liquid waste from pesticide manufacturing units.
(vii) Unsafe disposal of leftover pesticides and cleaning of plant protection equipment.
(viii) Pesticide production and marketing.
4. Give one example each of hazards related to height, extreme weather, chemicals and animals.
Ans: Hazards related to heights:
(i) Falling from a rooftop while repairing a shed.
Hazards related to extreme weather:
(ii) Heatstroke due to working under direct sunlight during peak summer.
Hazards related to chemicals:
(iii) Skin irritation from applying poor-quality pesticides.
Hazards related to animals:
(iv) Injury from being kicked by a cow while milking.
5. Differentiate between the following:
(a) Hazard and disaster.
Ans: Hazard and disaster:
| Hazard | Disaster |
| A hazard may be defined as a condition that has the potential to cause an injury to human beings and adversely affect the environment. | A disaster can be termed as “a sudden misfortune that causes great damage to life”. In other words, it can be explained as “an unexpected event whose consequences are seriously destructive”. |
| It may or may not result in damage. | It always results in significant damage and disruption. |
| Example: Heavy rainfall is a hazard. | Example: Flood caused by heavy rainfall is a disaster. |
(b) Hazard and risk.
Ans:
| Hazard | Risk |
| A hazard is something that can cause harm, e.g. electricity, chemicals, working up a ladder, noise, a keyboard, a bully at work, stress, etc. | A risk is the chance, high or low, that any hazard will actually cause somebody harm. |
| It refers to the source of potential damage. | It refers to the possibility and severity of harm occurring. |
| Example: A pesticide is a chemical hazard. | Example: The chance of falling ill due to exposure to the pesticide is a risk. |
(c) Natural and manmade disaster.
Ans:
| Natural disaster | Man Made disaster |
| Natural disasters are caused by natural forces like earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes, | While man-made disasters are caused by human activities or errors. |
| Usually cannot be prevented, only mitigated. | Often preventable through proper planning and precautions. |
| Example: Earthquake, flood, cyclone. | Example: Industrial accidents, nuclear explosions, oil spills. |
(d) Chemical and biological disaster.
Ans:
| Chemical disaster | Biological disaster |
| Chemical hazards are the unintended or deliberate release of a substance that is potentially harmful to humans or the environment (e.g. nerve and blistering agents, toxic industrial chemicals). | Biological hazards include infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, animal plagues and insect infestations. |
| Can result from industrial accidents, gas leaks, or chemical spills. | Can result from epidemics, pandemics, or use of biological weapons. |
| Example: Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1984). | Example: COVID-19 pandemic. |
| Session – 2: First Aid, Treatment and Safety Equipment |
| Check Your Progress |
(A) Fill in the Blanks:
1. Vomiting can be induced by using ___________.
Ans: Table salt and mustard oil.
2. On contaminated skin, ___________ must be done.
Ans: Washing with soap and water.
3. Gas mask is used to protect eyes and respiratory tract from ___________.
Ans: Toxic fumes.
4. Gloves made of ___________ must be used to handle chemicals.
Ans: Rubber.
5. ___________ is the first aid given in case of inhaled poisoning.
Ans: Artificial respiration.
(B) Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Common symptoms of pesticide poisoning are:
(a) Headache.
(b) Vomiting and nausea.
(c) Difficulty in respiration.
(d) All of the above.
Ans: (d) All of the above.
2. To prevent hazards at the workplace, the following material should be put in place:
(a) SDS.
(b) First aid kit.
(c) Protective clothing.
(d) All of the above.
Ans: (d) All of the above.
3. Protective and safety equipment comprise:
(a) Gas mask.
(b) Gloves.
(c) Both a and b.
(d) None of the above.
Ans: (c) both a and b.
4. Potential dangerous creatures around house and office buildings include:
(a) Lizards.
(b) Snakes.
(c) Spiders and scorpions.
(d) All of the above.
Ans: (d) All of the above.
(C) Descriptive Questions:
1. What are the first aid treatment measures that need to be adopted in case of chemical poisoning?
Ans: Chemical poisoning may result from continuous contact, absorption of a chemical through the skin, inhalation of toxic vapour, or swallowing a chemical directly during handling or applying. The common symptoms of pesticide poisoning are — headache, vomiting, nausea, tremors, convulsion, difficulty in respiration, etc. A first aid kit with necessary antidotes should be available at the work site for all types of poisoning.
Treatment for simple chemical poisoning:
(i) Swallowed poison: If poison is taken internally, vomiting must be induced immediately. Table salt or mustard oil in a glass of warm water is given to the victim for intake. Touching the throat internally with a finger or any blunt and hard filled with liquid. The process must be continued till a clear liquid starts coming out as in the case of swallowed chemicals, like Carbon disulphide, petroleum products, such as kerosene or petrol, and corrosive acids, or caustic alkalis. If a patient is in coma, convulsion, or in an unconscious state, vomiting must be induced even then. The patient needs to be given large quantities of milk or egg white beaten in water. If poisoning is due to ingestion of mercury compounds, egg white and milk must be given first, and then, vomiting must be induced. After vomiting, soothing substances, like raw egg white mixed with water, butter or cream milk must be given.
(ii) Skin contamination: Contaminated clothes must be put off immediately, if you feel like itching or there is a smell of a chemical. The contaminated skin must be thoroughly washed with detergent and clean water. Rapid washing is needed to minimise the intensity of the injury.
Eye poisoning In this case, the eyes of a victim must be washed with plenty of water, keeping the eyelids open. A delay of a few seconds may intensify the extent of the injury. Immediate medical aid must be provided.
(iii) Inhaled poison: A patient must immediately be shifted to an open area, so that s/he can inhale fresh air. S/he must be asked to be quiet. Loosen her/his clothes and wrap her/ him in a blanket to avoid chilling. Artificial breathing must be arranged if the patient is unable to breathe. Artificial respiration technique through the mouth can also be used.
2. What are the devices used for protection while working in an agriculture field?
Ans: Safety and protective devices: Hazards due to pesticide poisoning can be prevented by using protective and safety devices. The various kinds of pesticide poisoning and their first aid treatment have already been discussed. The safety and protective equipment essentially consists of gas masks, gloves, shoes, eye shields, headgear, protective clothing, respiratory devices, etc.
(i) Gas mask: It is a device to protect the eyes and the respiratory tract from toxic gases and aerosols. It gives clean air to the operator by removing contamination from the air by using a Àlter or bed of absorbent material.
(ii) Gloves: Never use gloves made of leather, cotton or any other fluid -absorbing material for handling chemicals. Always use rubber gloves.
(iii) Shoes: Shoes made of rubber or any other synthetic material must be used instead of leather or canvas shoes.
(iv) Eye shields: These must be worn to prevent eye poisoning due to pesticides.
(vii) Protective clothing: Apron is used while working with treated crops. The skin must be protected entirely. The clothing needs to be washed before reuse.
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