SEBA Class 9 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 4 Soil Nutrient Management in Vegetable Crops

SEBA Class 9 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 4 Soil Nutrient Management in Vegetable Crops Solutions English Medium, SEBA Class 9 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Question Answer, SEBA Class 9 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 4 Soil Nutrient Management in Vegetable Crops Question Answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapter SEBA Class 9 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 4 Soil Nutrient Management in Vegetable Crops English Medium Solutions and select needs one.

SEBA Class 9 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 4 Soil Nutrient Management in Vegetable Crops

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Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. SEBA Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Elective Class 9 Question Answer. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given SEBA Class 9 Solanaceous Crop Cultivator Chapter 4 Soil Nutrient Management in Vegetable Crops Solutions for All Chapter, You can practice these here.

Soil Nutrient Management in Vegetable Crops

Chapter – 4

(A) Fill in the Blanks: 

1. Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen together are called _________________. 

Ans: Carbohydrates.

2. Plants obtain carbon, hydrogen and _________________ from air and water. 

Ans: Oxygen.

3. Micro-nutrients are also known as minor or _____________ elements. 

Ans: Trace.

4. The function of _________________ is to give dark green colour and improve the quality of foliage. 

Ans: Nitrogen.

5. Stimulating root formation and their healthy growth are the functions of _________________. 

Ans: Phosphorus.

6. Calcium is an important constituent of the _____________. 

Ans: Cell wall. 

7. Magnesium helps in _________________ assimilation. 

Ans: Fats.

8. Zinc fastens the rate of _________________ in plants. 

Ans:Maturity.

9. Manganese is involved in the _________________ process of photosynthesis. 

Ans: Oxidation-reduction.

10. Nitrogen fixation and nitrate assimilation are the functions of _________________.

Ans: Molybdenum.

(B) Multiple Choice Questions:

1. _________________ essential elements are required for plant growth and development. 

(a) 15    

(b) 16    

(c) 17    

(d) 18 

Ans: (c) 17

2. _________________ are the micro-nutrients. 

(a) Ca, Mg, S.

(b) N, P, K. 

(c) C, H, O.

(d) Zn, Cu, B

Ans:  (d) Zn, Cu, B.

3. ____________ helps in the synthesis of the bases of RNA.

(a) Boron.

(b) Molybdenum.

(c) Chlorine.

(d) All of the above. 

Ans: (b) Molybdenum.

4. Molybdenum in plant is necessary for _________________. 

(a) Protein synthesis.

(b) Photosynthesis.

(c) Chlorophyll.

(d) Nitrogen fixation. 

Ans: (d) Nitrogen fixation.

5. Deficiency of boron results in _________________. 

(a) Loss of apical dominance.

(b) Rosette appearance.

(c) Syrupy exudation from the leaf blade.

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (d) All of the above.

(C) Descriptive Questions: 

1. What are the criteria of essentiality of nutrients?

Ans: There are a total of 17 nutritive elements, which are necessary for the growth of plants. All elements are equally important irrespective of their requirement or presence in a plant. 

According to Arnon and Stout (1939), an element must meet the following three criteria:

(i) A plant cannot complete its life cycle in the absence of that mineral element.

(ii) The element is specific and cannot be replaced. 

(iii) The element must be directly involved in plant metabolism.

2. What are micro and macro-nutrients? Give examples. 

Ans: Macronutrients: These are the nutrients required in large amounts by plants for their growth and development.

Examples: 

This is further divided into:

(i) Primary nutrients: These consist of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium. These nutrients are supplied through fertilisers. 

(ii) Secondary nutrients: They include Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur.

(iii) Micro-nutrients: These are the nutrients required in very small (trace) amounts, but are still essential for plant health.

Examples: 

They include: Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Chlorine (Cl), Boron (B) Molybdenum (Mo) and Nickel (Ni). 

3. What are the important functions of nitrogen. Write its deficiency symptoms.

Ans: Functions: 

(a) Promotes the growth of leaves and stems. 

(b) Enhances the dark green colour in plants and improves the quality of foliage. 

(c) Necessary for the development of cell protein and chlorophyll. 

(d) Improves the uptake and assimilation of other nutrients, like phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur. 

Deficiency symptoms: 

(a) Loss of vigour and yellowing of green parts.

(b) Shortening of the stem, leaves become paler and remain small in size.

(c) Slow growth and a plant becomes dwarf.

(D)  Match the Columns:

Ans: 

(A) Fill in the Blanks:

1. The _______________ can be applied at any stage of crop growth. 

Ans: Foliar spray.

2. For applying fertilisers into the soil before or at the time of planting, _______________ method is used. 

Ans: Basal application.

3. Urea is highly suitable for _______________ application because of its high solubility, ease and quick absorption. 

Ans: Foliar application.

4. FYM contains _________ % N, _________ % P2O5, and _________ % K2O5. 

Ans: 0.5% N, 0.2% P₂O₅, and 0.5% K₂O

5. For root dipping, ____________________% Zinc sulphate solution is used. 

Ans: 0.1 to 0.5%

6. The _______________ fixes nitrogen symbiotically with leguminous crop.

Ans: Rhizobium.

(B) Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which is a non-edible oil cake? 

(a) Groundnut cake.

(b) Cotton seed cake.

(c) Neem cake.

(d) Linseed cake. 

Ans: (c) Neem cake.

2. Which of the following is a compound fertiliser? 

(a) Calcium ammonium nitrate.

(b) Double super phosphate.

(c) Nitro phosphate with potash.

(d) Diammonium phosphate. 

Ans: (d) Diammonium phosphate.

3. Identify the crop which is used as whole for green manuring. 

(a) Glyricidia.

(b) Sesbania.

(c) Dhaincha.

(d) Karanja. 

Ans: (c) Dhaincha.

4. Organic manures should be best applied ______________. 

(a) 15–20 days before transplanting.

(b) At the time of transplanting. 

(c) 15–20 days after transplanting.

(d) All of the above. 

Ans: (a) 15–20 days before transplanting.

5. Recommended NPK dose per hectare for tomato is __________. 

(a) 100–200; 60–80; 50–100 

(b) 50–100; 100–150; 60–80 

(c) 60–80; 100–200; 50–100 

(d) 70; 90; 100–200 

Ans: (a) 100–200; 60–80; 50–100

6. Vermicompost is applied in vegetables at the rate of ___________. 

(a) 2–3 tonnes/ha.

(b) 5–6 tonnes/ha.

(c) 10–12 tonnes/ha.

(d) 20–22 tonnes/ha. 

Ans: (c) 10–12 tonnes/ha.

7. Manures are organic nutrients in complex form derived from ___________. 

(a) Animals.

(b) Humans.

(c) Plant residues.

(d) All of the above. 

Ans: (d) All of the above.

8. Which of the following is a bulky manure? 

(a) FYM.

(b) Compost.

(c) Green manure.

(d) All of the above.

Ans: (d) All of the above.

(C) Descriptive Questions: 

1. Write down the advantages of organic manure.

Ans: The advantages of organic manure are as follows: 

(a) They improve the soil structure and increase its water holding capacity. 

(b) Manures add organic matter to the soil and stimulate the activity of soil microorganisms. 

(c) There is no risk of forming toxic build-up as observed due to the use of chemicals. 

(d) Leguminous crops (peas and beans) when used as green manure add nitrogen to the soil. 

(e) Manures are renewable, biodegradable and eco-friendly.

2. Write a brief note on vermicompost and its application.

Ans: Vermicompost is a nutrient-rich organic fertiliser produced through the decomposition of biodegradable materials like FYM, kitchen waste, and plant litter by earthworms. Earthworms consume this organic matter and release faecal material known as vermicasting, which is rich in essential nutrients.

The process requires keeping the mixture moist under suitable conditions. One million earthworms in an acre can produce around 500 kg of vermicompost per day.

Application:

(i) Used in vegetable crops at any stage of growth (1.5–3 tonnes/ha).

(ii) It is mixed with soil and then broadcasted.

(iii) Vermicompost improves soil texture, water-holding capacity, and aeration, and helps in nitrogen fixation and phosphorus solubilisation.

(iv) It also enhances crop yield and suppresses pests and diseases.

3. What is a green manure crop? What are its advantages and disadvantages?

Ans: Green manuring is a practice, wherein crops, like sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata), pillipesara (Phaseolu strilobus) and cluster bean (Cyamopsis te tragonoloba) are grown and the entire crop is then turned down in the soil for improving its fertility. 

Green manures can be applied in two ways. They are: 

(i) Prior to the main crop: Specific green manure crop is raised in the field and at flowering, it is ploughed or turned into the soil. The crop on decomposition improves the physical structure and fertility of the soil. The green manure crop is grown in the field 1–2 months prior to the desired crop. Green manure crop can be cultivated during the Kharif season and incorporated for the benefit of Rabi crop.

(ii) After the Main Crop: In some areas, the green manure crop is cultivated after the main crop for the benefit of the succeeding crop. Here, the tender green twigs and leaves of the green manure plants are spread in the field and mixed into the soil at the time of land preparation. This is a common practice in Eastern and Central India.

Advantages of Green Manure Crops:

(i) Improves Soil Fertility: Green manure crops, especially legumes, fix nitrogen in the soil, enriching it with essential nutrients.

(ii) Enhances Soil Structure: The organic matter from decomposing crops improves the texture of the soil, making it more porous and water-retentive.

(iii) Prevents Soil Erosion: The green cover protects the soil from erosion caused by wind and water.

(iv) Weed Suppression: Green manure crops shade the soil, helping to control weed growth.

(v) Environmentally Sustainable: It reduces the need for chemical fertilizers, promoting organic farming practices.

Disadvantages of Green Manure Crops:

(i) Takes Time and Land: Requires space and time for growing, which could be used for food crops.

(ii) Water Intensive: These crops need adequate water, which might be an issue in water-scarce areas.

(iii) Labor and Cost: Growing, harvesting, and ploughing the green manure crops require extra labor and costs.

(iv) Temporary Unavailability of Land: Fields used for green manuring cannot be used for other crops during this period.

(v) Pests and Diseases: Green manure crops might attract pests or diseases, affecting the next crop.

4. What are the different methods for the application of fertilisers in vegetable crops?

Ans: The different methods for the application of fertilisers in vegetable crops are as follows: 

(i) Basal application: This method refers to the application of fertilisers into soil before or at the time of planting. There are several methods of basal application, which are listed as follows:

(a) Broadcasting of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilisers in large quantities on the surface before ploughing. 

(b) Placement of fertilisers in a continuous band at the bottom of a furrow opened during ploughing. 

(c) Fertilisers are applied in bands 2–3 inches or more away from the row and 2–3 inches or more below the surface.

(d) Combination of broadcasting or plough furrow placement with band placement at the side of the row at sowing and transplanting. 

(e) The fertilisers are applied with a drill below the surface of the soil before sowing or during seed sowing with a seed-cum-fertiliser drill.

(ii) Top dressing: The fertiliser is applied in the standing crop in case of top dressing. There are several methods of top dressing. 

(a) Broadcasting fertilisers in moist fields 2–5 days after irrigation.

(b) Applying fertilisers around individual plants.. 

(c) Applying fertilisers along rows.

(iii) Foliar application: Macro-nutrient fertiliser can also be applied through foliar spray. The nutrients enter the leaves through the stomata, correct certain disorders, and improve the yield and quality of the produce. Among the macro-nutrients, urea (0.5–1.5%) is highly suitable for foliar application because of its high solubility, ease and quick absorption by plant tissues.

(D) Match the Columns:

Ans:

Parimol

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