SEBA Class 10 Weaving and Textile Design Chapter 5 Printing Methods Solutions English Medium, SEBA Class 10 Weaving and Textile Design Question Answer, SEBA Class 10 Weaving and Textile Design Chapter 5 Printing Methods Question Answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapter SEBA Class 10 Weaving and Textile Design Chapter 5 Printing Methods English Medium Solutions and select needs one.
SEBA Class 10 Weaving and Textile Design Chapter 5 Printing Methods
Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. SEBA Weaving and Textile Design Elective Class 10 Question Answer. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given SEBA Class 10 Weaving and Textile Design Chapter 5 Printing Methods Solutions for All Chapter, You can practice these here.
Printing Methods
Chapter – 5
| Self-Check Questions – 5 |
1. Name any three reducing agents used in printing paste preparation.
Ans: Sodium Sulfoxylate Formaldehyde, Zinc Sulfoxylate Formaldehyde, Potassium Sulphite.
2. Which factors determine the use of auxiliaries in printing paste preparation?
Ans: The use of auxiliaries in printing paste preparation is determined by:
(i) Type of dye or pigment: Different dyes and pigments require specific auxiliaries.
(ii) Printing Method: Screen printing, roller printing, digital printing, etc., need auxiliaries tailored for viscosity, drying speed, and print sharpness.
(iii) Fiber type: The type of fiber being printed (e.g., cotton, polyester, silk).
(iv) Desired Fastness Properties: For wash, rub, and light fastness, auxiliaries like fixatives and cross linkers are used.
(v) Fabric properties: The fabric’s weight, thickness, and texture can also influence auxiliary selection.
3. Write three different screen preparation method.
Ans: The three different screen preparation methods are:
(a) Hand Cutting Method.
(b) Vinyl Cutter.
(c) The photochemical / photosensitive process.
4. State the function of different ingredients used in print paste preparation.
Ans: The functions of different ingredients used in print paste preparation are:
(i) Dye-stuff or Pigment:
(a) Used as a colouring matter depending on the nature of the fibre.
(b) Lumps are broken by using a wetting agent and a smooth paste is obtained.
(c) Selected on the basis of cost, fastness, & shade requirement.
(ii) Thickener:
(a) Prevents the spreading of the color on the cloth by capillary action.
(b) Choice of a thickener depends upon the class of dye to be printed and the style of printing.
Example: CMC, Indalca, Tragacanth, British gum, Sodium Alginate, Emulsion thickener etc.
(iii) Wetting agents:
(a) Used to obtain a smooth paste of the dyestuff without formation of any lumps.
(b) Lumps if allowed to remain get deposited on the cloth during printing produce dark spots.
(c) For insoluble dyestuffs like vats and Naphthols, wetting agents are used to facilitate -wetting of the dyestuff.
(d) For direct, acid, basic & reactive dyes, which are water soluble, a wetting agent is not normally required.
(iv) Dispersing agents:
(a) Used to prevent precipitation of dye particles as the concentration of the dyestuff in the printing paste is high.
Example: Di-ethylene glycol, Thiodi-glycol, Sodium benzyl sulphanila.
(v) Anti-foaming agent:
(a) Used to reduce frothing in the printing paste. Dyestuffs have a tendency to froth during colour preparation and printing because of:
(b) The presence of wetting agents.
(c) Continuous agitation by the printing roller and brush finisher.
(vi) Fixation accelerators:
(a) Used to improve dyestuff fixation in printing as well as to shorten fixation time. (swelling compounds).
(b) They are also effective in preventing fixation unevenness that may be caused by fluctuation of conditions for dyestuff fixation such as time, temp, humidity etc.
Example: P- phenyl phenol is applied for polyester, Thio urea is applied for polyamide, Resorcinol is applied for polyamide, cotton, acrylic fibres.
(vii) Hygroscopic agents: Used to take up sufficient amounts of water during steaming to give mobility to the dye molecules to enable them to transfer in to the fibre. Example: Urea, Glycerine, Di-ethylene glycol.
(viii) Oxidizing agents: Required for printing certain classes of dyes & also in discharge & resist printing. Most commonly used oxidizing agents: – Chlorates – Chromates and Dichromates – Nitrates and Nitrites of Sodium – Potassium Ferrocyanide.
(ix) Reducing agents: They are required for discharge and resist printing as a discharge chemical. Example: Sodium Sulfoxylate Formaldehyde, Zinc Sulfoxylate Formaldehyde, Potassium Sulphite, Ferrous Sulphate, etc.
5. Enlist the widely used method for developing screen.
Ans: The widely used methods for developing screens in screen printing include following methods:
(i) Direct Emulsion Method involves applying a photosensitive emulsion directly onto the screen mesh, allowing it to dry in a dark room, and then exposing it to light through a positive image. After exposure, the uncured emulsion is washed out, leaving the stencil. This method is cost-effective and suitable for medium to high-detail prints, commonly used in textile and poster printing.
(ii) Indirect Film Method uses a light-sensitive film exposed separately to create the stencil, which is then adhered to the screen. This method provides high precision and is ideal for intricate designs, such as those needed in ceramic or electronic printing.
(iii) Capillary Film Method, a pre-sensitized film is applied to a wet screen, and after drying, it is exposed to UV light. The unexposed areas are washed away, forming a stencil with consistent thickness and sharp detail, making it perfect for multi-color and high-quality graphics.
(iv) Hand-Cut Film Method involves manually cutting a stencil from a non-photosensitive film and adhering it to the screen. This method is cost-effective and straightforward, suitable for basic and bold designs such as craft printing and simple signage.
(v) Direct-to-Screen (DTS) Method digitizes the printing process by directly applying the design onto an emulsion-coated screen using a digital printer. The screen is then exposed to light and washed out to reveal the stencil. This method is fast, precise, and preferred for high-volume production.
(vi) Hybrid Method combines aspects of both direct emulsion and capillary film methods. A thin layer of emulsion is coated on the screen, followed by laminating capillary film. After exposure and washing, this technique yields durable and detailed stencils, commonly used in industrial and fine art printing.
6. State the function of squeegee in screen printing method.
Ans: The function of squeegee in screen printing method are:
(i) Automatic Positioning: When printing starts, the squeegee automatically turns into the correct position for applying the paste.
(ii) Paste Application: It applies and spreads the print paste evenly across the fabric through the open mesh of the screen.
(iii) Paste Collection on Stoppage: When the machine stops, the squeegee swings upward (180°) allowing the paste to collect in a pocket between the squeegee blade and the metal holder.
(iv) Facilitates Paste Return: On stoppage, the paste is pumped back into the feed tank from the pocket.
(v) Ensures Consistent Printing: In the magnetic squeegee system, a magnetic roller (acting like a squeegee) is drawn by a magnetic field to roll inside the screen and transfer the print paste evenly.
(vi) Works with Automated Systems: The squeegee system is integrated with paste supply, sensors, and glue distribution mechanisms for continuous and uniform printing.
7. Enlist any two widely used fabric machine printing technique.
Ans: Two types of machine screen printing are mostly used:
(i) Automatic flatbed screen printing: In this type of machines the fabric remains stationary and the screen moves on a carriage. This entails each colour application position being fixed while the substrate moves. The entire operation i.e., printing of all colours are occurred simultaneously. It helps to increase the speed and hence the production.
(ii) Rotary Screen Printing: The value of continuous rotary-screen printing first became apparent in the 1960s. These printings can be possible on a various number of materials, including paper, cardboard, different types of clothes and plastic. Unlike flatbed machines, in which the printing action is intermittent, continuous movement of the fabric has been achieved in rotary screen printing machines. Here, the screens are moving along with the fabric while printing. The screens are cylindrical and the fabric also moves on a cylinder. However, these machines are quite expensive.
8. Describe the process of development of design on screen.
Ans: Preparation of good screen is most important criteria in the success of a screen printing unit. So, it must take utmost care in the development of design on screen.
It involves the following steps:
(i) Screen Fabrication: It is the first step in preparing the screen. The inside dimension of the frame needs to be 3″ larger than the art on all sides to leave room for a clean stroke. The selected screen fabric is cut to size and then the screen fabric is stretched tight across the frame, for which pneumatic tensioning equipment may be used and then fastened to the frame with a suitable adhesive or stapled to the frame. It is then degreased (for example, by soaking with 5% caustic soda solution, rinsing and neutralising with dilute acetic acid) the screen. The objective is to thoroughly clean and removes all residues from the screen mesh’s surface. Once they’ve been washed, it’s to be dried and kept in dust free place, like a desiccated drying chamber.
(ii) Coating the Emulsion: First a sensitized emulsion is prepared by mixing the Dizo Photo emulsion with sensitiser. Ideally, both the mixing step and screen coating step can be performed in a relatively dark room, to expose the emulsion to as little light as possible. However, photo emulsion mixing can be performed under normal light condition. The sensitized emulsion can be stored (according to the bottle)in a cool, dark place for about 8 weeks at room temperature in a cool, dark place for about 8 weeks at room temperature (700F), or four months in the refrigerator. The sensitized emulsion can be stored (according A pushpin is put in each corner of the bottom side of the screen so that it can be flipped repeatedly without getting emulsion everywhere.
(iii) Exposing the Image (positive) onto the Screen: After the emulsion is dried, the screen must be exposed using a light exposure unit, which contains a specifically designed light source for emulsion curing (dark room with exposing light table). Here, a “right reading, emulsion-up” film positive image is placed over the substrate side of a screen. If multiple screens are to be used, centre the registration marks so that they will match the next screen. The positive image can be prepared as black & white image with a graphics programme, draw on white paper, and then photocopy the image onto a transparency. Now, expose the screen to light source. The exposure time may vary depend upon the light intensity. During exposure, the area of the positive image contains uncured emulsion and the screen area surrounding the image contains cured emulsion.
(iv) Washing out the screen: After exposure, the uncured emulsion on the actual print image can simply be washed away with cold water. The areas that were not exposed to the light will wash away, leaving open mesh for the ink to go through. Once your screen is washed out, let it dry completely.
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