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NCERT Class 6 Science Chapter 2 Components of Food
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Components of Food
Chapter: 2
NCERT TEXT BOOK EXERCISES
Q. 1. Name the major nutrients in our food.
Ans: The major nutrients in our food are:
(i) Carbohydrate.
(ii) Proteins.
(iii) Fats.
(iv) Vitamins.
(v) Minerals.
(vi) Dietary fibres and water.
Q. 2. Name the following:
(a) The nutrients which mainly gives energy to our body.
Ans: Carbohydrates and fats.
(b) The nutrients that are needed for the growth and maintenance of our body.
Ans: Proteins.
(c) A vitamin required for maintaining good eye sight.
Ans: Vitamin ‘A’.
(d) A mineral that is required for keeping our bones healthy.
Ans: Calcium.
Q. 3. Name two food each rich in:
(a) Fats.
Ans: (i) Butter.
(ii) Ghee.
(b) Starch.
Ans: (i) Rice (cooked).
(ii) Dal (cooked).
(c) Dietary fibre.
Ans: Whole grains and pulses. Spinach,Cabbage.
(d) Proteins.
Ans: Milk, fish.
Q. 4. Tick (✔) the statements that are correct:
(a) By eating rice alone, we can fulfil nutritional requirement of our body.
Ans: Not correct.
(b) Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet.
Ans: Correct.
(c) Balanced diet for the body should contain a variety of food items.
Ans: Correct.
(d) Meat alone is sufficient to provide all nutrients to the body.
Ans: Not correct.
Q. 5. Fill in the blanks:
(a) _________ is caused by deficiency of vitamin D.
Ans: Rickets.
(b) Deficiency of _________causes a disease known as beri-beri.
Ans: Vitamin B.
(c) Deficiency of vitamin C causes a disease known as ___________.
Ans: Scurvy.
(d) Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of _________ in our food.
Ans: Vitamin ‘A’.
SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION
Very Short Answer Question
Q. 1. Name two components of food which are considered as energy-giving.
Ans: Carbohydrates and fats.
Q. 2. Which vitamin improves the night h vision.
Ans: Vitamin A improves the night vision.
Q. 3. Name the nutrient which is needed for the growth and repair of our body.
Ans: Proteins.
Q. 4. Name the vitamin which keeps the teeth, gums and joint healthy and helps fight diseases.
Ans: Vitamin C.
Q. 5. Name the vitamin which is necessary for the normal growth of bones and teeth.
Ans: Vitamin D.
Q. 6. Which vitamin is produced in the human body when skin is exposed to sunlight ?
Ans: Vitamin D.
Q. 7. What is the main function of roughage?
Ans: The main fucntion of roughage is to help our body to get rid of undigested food.
Q. 8. A food stuff gives a blue black colour with dilute iodine solution. Name the constituent of food indicated by this test.
Ans: Starch.
Q. 9. Which vitamin is easily destroyed by heat during the cooking of food?
Ans: Vitamin C.
Q. 10. Which vitamin is present in large amounts in citrus fruits? Is it water soluble or fat soluble?
Ans: Vitamin C. It is water soluble.
Q. 11. A patient was advised to take more of butter, yellow vegetables and fruits in his diet. Which vitamin deficiency has he been suffering from?
Ans: Vitamin A deficiency.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTION
Q. 1. Name two sources of carbohydrates in our food and state its role.
Ans: The main sources of carbohydrates in our food are: wheat and rice.
The role of carbohydrates is to provide energy to the body.
Q. 2. Why is a carbohydrate food more necessary for the people doing hard physical work?
Ans: Carbohydrates provide energy for doing work. A carbohydrate rich food is more necessary for the people doing hard physical work because it provides extra energy required for doing hard physical work.
Q. 3. Which vitamin is formed by our body with the help of sunlight? What is the caused by the deficiency of this vitamin?
Ans: Vitamin D is formed by our body with the help of sunlight. The disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin D in children is rickets. The deficiency of vitamin D in adults produces another disease called osteomalacia.
Q. 4. Why are carbohydrates and fats called ‘energy food’ while proteins are known as ‘body building food’?
Ans: Carbohydrates and fats are called energy foods because they provide energy to the body to do work and maintain body heat. Proteins are called body building food because they are the materials which build and repair our body.
Q. 5. Why should we drink water after heavy sweating?
Ans: The body loses large amount of water during sweating. We should drink a lot of water after heavy sweating to prevent the dehydration of tissues.
Q. 6. State the role of roughage in our diet. Name two sources of roughage in our diet.
Ans: A certain amount of roughage is needed for proper digestion. Roughage helps to retain water, adds bulk to the food and prevents constipation by aiding bowel movement. The two sources of roughage in our diet are: Salad and vegetable like cabbage.
Q. 7. A two years old child appears very thin with loose folds of skin. What is the disease the child is suffering from? What are the chief nutrients that may be missing from the child’s diet?
Ans: A very thin child with loose folds of skin suffering from the disease called marasmus. The child’s diet is deficient in proteins, carbohydrates as well as fats.
Q. 8. What chemical test would you perform to detect the presence of starch in the given food-stuff?
Ans: The given food-stuff is taken in a test-tube and a few drops of dilute iodine solution are added to it. Appearance of a blue- black colour shows the presence of starch in the given food-stuff.
Q. 9. A doctor advised one of his patients to stop taking fried and oily foods. Name the disease and mention two symptoms of it.
Ans: Obese people are advised by doctors to stop taking fried and oily foods. So, this patient is suffering from a disease called Its symptoms are:
(i) The patient must be overweight and bulky.
(ii) The patient must be having hypertension (high blood pressure).
SHORT ANSWER QUESTION
Q. 1. Explain the importance of proteins in the human body.
Ans: Protein contains sufficient quantity of amino-acids to maintain a normal functioning of our body. It is required for growth and repairs in our body. It helps in building the new tissues. They also account for the tough fibrous nature of hair and nails. They are parts of our body and help in proper functioning of our body. It can also burn to provide energy at the time of emergency.
Q. 2. Write any three qualities of a balanced diet.
Ans: A balanced diet should have the following qualities:
(i) It should be rich in various essential nutrients like minerals and vitamins.
(ii) It should provide just enough raw material needed for the growth, development, repair and replacement of tissues of the body.
(ii) It should provide the right quantum of energy required by the body.
Q. 3. What are the important functions of water in the body?
Ans: (i) Water regulates the temperature of our body by the processes of sweating and evaporation.
(ii) Water plays an important role in cellular reactions and other life processes like digestion and transport of nutrients.
(iii) Water provides an important means of excreting body wastes.
Q. 4. Why is obesity called a disease? What are the causes of obesity? Why are obese people advised to avoid consuming high starch food?
Ans: Obesity is called a disease because obese people are not very active and face a high risk of acquiring many other diseases especially related to the flow of blood in the heart. Obesity can be caused by over-eating of food or imbalance of hormones in the body. The obese people are advised to avoid consuming high starch food because the unutilised part of starchy food will turn into fat and accumulate in their body. This will aggravate their obesity and the problems related to it.
Q. 5. What is the chemical composition of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, respectively?
Ans: (i) Carbohydrates are the compounds made up of three elements, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the proportion of hydrogen and oxygen being the same as in water.
(ii) Fats are also made up of the same three elements as carbohydrates: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, but the proportion of oxygen in fats is much less than that of carbohydrates.
(iii) Proteins are the compounds made up carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Some of the proteins also contain sulphur.
Q. 6. Name the disease caused by the deficiency of
(a) iron.
(b) iodine.
(c) fluorine.
Ans: (a) The deficiency of iron in the food leads to a disease called Anaemia.
(b) Deficiency of iodine leads to
(i) retarted growth.
(ii) mental disability. and
(iii) abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland (called goiter).
(c) Deficiency of fluorine leads to tooth decay.
Q. 7. How would the balanced diet of a rickshaw puller differ from that of an office worker?
Ans: The balanced diet of a rickshaw puller should include more of carbohydrates and fats than that of an office worker. This is because a rickshaw puller needs more energy for doing the hard physical work of pulling the rickshaw which can be provided by including more carbohydrates and fats in his diet. An office worker has no such requirement.
Q. 8. What are proteins? State two conditions which necessitate a high protein diet.
Ans: Proteins are the highly complex organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur etc., which are needed for the growth and repair of the body.
(i) A growing child needs a high-protein diet to make the body tissue required for rapid growth.
(ii) A nursing mother (who breast feeds her baby) needs a protein rich diet for the formation of milk in her body.
Q. 9. Is it proper to take vitamin A and vitamin D pills regularly? Give reasons for your answer.
Ans: No, it is not proper to take vitamin A and vitamin D pills regularly. This is because vitamins A and D are fat soluble vitamins which go in accumulating in the body and cause a disease known as hyper vitaminosis. Excess of vitamin A accumulates in liver and produces toxic effects whereas excess of vitamin D promotes high calcium absorption which deposits in the kidney and damages it.
Q. 10. What are the sources of fat soluble vitamins in our diet? Write the names of diseases caused by their deficiency.
Ans: The two major fat soluble vitamins are vitamin A and vitamin D. The deficiency of vitamin A causes night-blindness whereas the deficiency of vitamin D causes rickets in children.
(i) Sources of vitamin A are: cod liver oil, yellow vegetables and fruits such as carrot, pumpkin and ripe mango, green leafy vegetables such as spinach, milk, butter, fish and eggs.
(ii) Sources of vitamin ‘D’ are cod liver oil, milk, butter, fish and eggs. Vitamin D is also produced in the body when the skin is exposed to sunshine.
LONG ANSWER QUESTION
Q. 1. A person lives in hilly area. The drinking water and food grown in this area are poor in a mineral P. The deficiency of P in the body causes an abnormal enlargement of gland Q leading to a disease R. The disease R, however, does not occur in the people living in coastal areas.
(a) What is the name of mineral P?
Ans: Iodine.
(b) Name the gland Q.
Ans: Thyroid gland.
(c) What is disease R?
Ans: Goitre.
(d) Why does disease R not occur in coastal areas?
Ans: Because coastal people eat a lot of sea food like sea fish which contains good amount of iodine mineral.
(e) Name one disease in children which occurs due to the deficiency of mineral P in their diet.
Ans: Cretinism.
Q. 2. What is meant by balanced diet? Write its different components. Explain the function of each component of a balanced diet.
Ans: The diet which contains correct amounts of all the essential nutrients required for the normal growth and development of the body is called a balanced diet. It should also contain sufficient amounts of water and roughage. Thus, the various components of a balanced diet are : Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Minerals, Vitamins, Water and Roughage.
(i) Carbohydrates and fats provide energy to the body.
(ii) Proteins provide materials for the growth and development of body and repair of damaged tissues.
(iii) Minerals are needed to form blood, bones, teeth and to regulate body functions.
(iv) Vitamins are required to catalyze certain chemical reactions in the body which are necessary for normal growth and good health.
(v) Water is necessary for the digestion of food, of nutrients and excretions of body wastes.
(vi) Roughage aids in bowel movement and helps to maintain a healthy digestive system.
Q. 3. What are vitamins? Write the sources of vitamins A, B, C and D. Name the disease caused due to the deficiency of these vitamins.
Ans: Vitamins are a special group of compounds which are needed by our body only in very small quantities. They do not provide any energy to us, but they are essential components of our diet as they perform specific functions in our body. Some vitamins are water-soluble and some are fat- soluble. Vitamin ‘A’ is a fat-soluble vitamin. Its good sources are fish oil, milk, milk products and carrots. Its deficiency causes night-blindness.
Vitamin ‘B’ is water-soluble. It is found in wheat, rice, yeast extract, liver and kidney. Lack of vitamin ‘B’ causes beri-beri.
Vitamin ‘C’ is water-soluble. It is found in citrus fruits (orange, lemon, lime) and in many fresh vegetables. Lack of vitamin C causes scurvy.
Vitamin ‘D’ is fat-soluble. It is found in fish oil, eggs, milk and milk products. Its deficiency causes rickets.
HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL QUESTIONS
Q. 1. A doctor examined a patient and advised him to take more lemon, orange and amla in his diet. Write any two symptoms that the doctor might have noticed in the patient.
Ans: (i) Discolouring of teeth enamel.
(ii) Abnormal calcification of bones.
Q. 2. A person decides to take only milk and nothing else in his diet for certain reasons. After a year his gums started bleeding. What could be the cause of gum bleeding?
Ans: The cause of gum bleeding is the deficiency of vitamin C which leads to the disease called scurvy. This is because milk does not contain vitamin C.
Q. 3. A hard boiled egg is taken and separated into two parts P and Q having different colours. The parts P and Q are mashed separately and water is added to obtain their suspensions. When an alkaline solution of copper sulphate is added to suspension of P, the solution remains blue. On the other hand, when. alkaline copper sulphate solution is added to suspension of Q, then a violet colour is produced.
(a) Which nutrient is present in part Q, which is not present to part P?
Ans: Proteins.
(b) What is the colour of part Q of hard boiled egg ?
Ans: White.
(c) What is the colour of part P of hard boiled egg?
Ans: Yellow.
(d) Which nutrient could be present in part P which has not been tested.
Ans: Fat.
Q. 4. The letters of alphabet such as A, B, D, E and K are used to represent a particular group of food nutrients. These nutrients are needed by our body in very small quantities but their presence is essential in our food:
(a) Which nutrients do the above given letters represent?
Ans: Vitamins.
(b) Choose the letter which represents the nutrient that is:
(i) formed in our body when the skin is exposed to sun light.
Ans: Vitamin D.
(ii) present in oranges.
Ans: Vitamin C.
(iii) necessary for good eye sight.
Ans: Vitamin A
(iv) necessary for the normal growth of bones and teeth.
Ans: Vitamin D.
SKILL BASED QUESTIONS
Q.1. Observe the following figures and answer the following questions:
(i) Which nutrient is mainly provided by these items?
Ans: They provide mainly fats.
(ii) Name the sources of these food items.
Ans: The sources of these food items are plants.
Q.2. Observe the following figures and answer the following questions:
(i) Which nutrient is mainly provided by these items?
Ans: They provide mainly fats.
(ii) Name the sources of these food items.
Ans: The sources of these food items are animals.
Q. 3. Draw diagrams for three food items of plants and animals which are rich sources of proteins.
Ans:
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Q. 1. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:
(i) Deficiency of iron in the diet causes a disease known as ________.
Ans: Anaemia.
(ii) Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a ________ diet.
Ans: Balanced.
(iii) The body-builder food is ________.
Ans: Protein.
(iv) Amla is the best source of vitamin ________.
Ans: C.
(v) Groundnuts are rich in ________.
Ans: Fats.
(vi) The energy producing component of food is ________.
Ans: Carbohydrate.
(vii) The carbohydrate which is not digested by our body is ________.
Ans: Cellulose.
(viii) ________ is a rich source of vitamin A.
Ans: Carrot.
(ix) Night blindness is caused by the deficiency of ________.
Ans: Vitamin A.
(x) Proteins are needed for growth and ________ of our body.
Ans: Repair.
Q. 2. State whether the following statements are true or false:
(i) A balanced diet is the same for all age groups and occupations.
Ans: False.
(ii) Roughage is a very good source of energy.
Ans: False.
(iii) Carbohydrates are called body-builder foods.
Ans: False.
(iv) Beri-beri is caused by the deficiency of vitamin D.
Ans: False.
(v) Proteins are called energy giving food.
Ans: False.
(vi) Amla is the richest source of Vitamin A.
Ans: False.
(vii) Vitamin C is soluble in water.
Ans: True.
(viii) Calcium is essential for healthy development of bones and teeth.
Ans: True.
(ix) Children are prone to diseases due to malnutrition.
Ans: True.
(x) The fibre content in food is called roughage.
Ans: True.
Q. 3. Match the items given in column ‘A’ with those in column ‘B’:
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) Proteins | (a) Proper functioning of thyroid gland |
| (ii) Iron | (b) Healthy skin and hair and good vision |
| (iii) Vitamin C | (c) Growth and repair of damaged and worn-out tissues |
| (iv) Vitamin A | (d) Healing of wounds |
| (v) lodine | (e) Formation of hemoglobin in blood |
Ans:
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) Proteins | (c) Growth and repair of damaged and worn-out tissues |
| (ii) Iron | (e) Formation of hemoglobin in blood |
| (iii) Vitamin C | (d) Healing of wounds |
| (iv) Vitamin A | (b) Healthy skin and hair and good vision |
| (v) lodine | (a) Proper functioning of thyroid gland |
Q. 4. Write one word for the following:
(i) The substance that gives blue colour with iodine.
Ans: Starch.
(ii) The substances which are classified as body-building foods.
Ans: Proteins.
(iii) The unhealthy state of the body due to the lack of one or more nutrients in one’s diet.
Ans: Malnutrition.
(iv) The substances which have no food value but help in the proper utilization of other nutrients in our body.
Ans: Vitamins.
(v) Abnormal enlargement of thyroid gland leading to an excessive swelling of the neck.
Ans: Goitre.
(vi) Nutrients that are needed by the body in larger quantity.
Ans: Macro-nutrients.
(vii) Nutrients that are required by the body in very small amount.
Ans: Micro-nutrients.
(viii) Fibrous parts of vegetables, fruits and cereals.
Ans: Roughage.
(ix) A deficiency disease of children with soft and bent bones.
Ans: Ricket.
(x) Diseases that are caused due to lack of carbohydrate, protein, vitamins and minerals in the diet.
Ans: Deficiency diseases.
Multiple Choice Questions
(i) Which of the following is considered to be body building food?
(a) Carbohydrates.
(b) Proteins.
(c) Fats.
(d) Vitamins.
Ans: (b) Proteins.
(ii) Which of the following is produced in our body when the skin is exposed to sunlight?
(a) Vitamin D.
(b) Vitamin B.
(c) Vitamin A.
(d) Vitamin C.
Ans: (a) Vitamin D.
(iii) Which of the following foods is a good source of both calcium and phosphorus!
(a) Fish.
(b) Carrots.
(c) Milk.
(d) Oranges.
Ans: (c) Milk.
(iv) Which of the following minerals is necessary to make hemoglobin present in the red blood cells?
(a) Iodine.
(d) Sodium.
(c) Iron.
(b) Red phosphorus.
Ans: (c) Iron.
(v) One of the following is necessary for keeping gum and teeth healthy.
This is:
(a) Vitamin B.
(b) Vitamin D.
(c) Vitamin A.
(d) Vitamin C.
Ans: (d) Vitamin C.
VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
There is a ban on sale of junk food in school canteens. A student notices that in his school canteen cold drink, chips and cup noodles were sold. He reports this matter to his teachers and school office. Thereafter the sale of junk food in canteen was stopped and monitored.
Questions
(i) Why is balanced diet necessary for maintaining healthy body?
Ans: Balanced diet provides all the nutrients in our body in appropriate amount and keeps our body healthy.
(ii) Name two diseases caused due to junk food.
Ans: Heart diseases and obesity.
(iii) What value of this student is reflected?
Ans: The student showed general awareness, responsible behaviour.
