Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 1 Advent of the Europeans into India

By Dev Kirtonia / Class 9 Social Science

Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 1 Advent of the Europeans into India The answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters Assam Board Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 1 Advent of the Europeans into India and select needs one.

Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 1 Advent of the Europeans into India

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Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board SEBA Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 1 Advent of the Europeans into India Solutions for All Subject, You can practice these here.

Advent of the Europeans into India

Chapter: 1

HISTORY

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWER

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Sepoy Mutiny or the First War of Independence took place in the year______.

(a) 1857

(b) 1858

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(d) 1758

Ans. (a) 1857

2. The British Indian administration was passed on to the British Crown by_____.

(a) The Indian Councils Act, 1892.

(b) The Indian Councils Act, 1861.

(d) The Queen’s Proclamation, 1858.

Ans. (c) The Government of India Act, 1858.

3. The appointment of Indians in the Civil Service was assured by_____.

(a) The Queen’s Proclamation of 1858.

(b) The Indian Councils Act, 1861.

(d) The Indian Councils Act, 1892.

Ans. (a) The Queen’s Proclamation of 1858.

4. Territorial conquest of Indian kingdom was given up by the_____.

(a) Indian Councils Act, 1861.

(b) Queen’s Proclamation, 1858.

(d) Indian Councils Act, 1892.

Ans. (b) Queen’s Proclamation, 1858.

5. The Indian Civil Service Act was passed in _____.

(a) 1863.

(b) 1851.

(d) 1892.

Ans. (c) 1861.

6. The Viceroy’s Executive Council in 1858 consisted of______.

(a) 10 members.

(b) 4 members.

(d) 5 members.

Ans. (d) 5 members.

7. The number of administrative units looked after by Chief Commissioners as per the Indian Councils Act, 1861 was_______.

(a) 5

(b) 8

(d) 15

Ans. (b) 8.

8. The Public Service Commission in 1886 was appointed by______.

(a) Lord Ripon.

(b) Lord Lytton.

(d) Lord Dufferin.

Ans. (d) Lord Dufferin.

9. A local Board (Area Council) was created in each sub-division in 1882 by______.

(a) Lord Dufferin.

(b) Lord Ripon.

(d) Lord Lytton.

Ans. (b) Lord Ripon.

10. The Indianisation of the Indian Civil Service began after_____.

(a) 1870

(b) 1861

(d) 1930

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

Q.1: Who was the first Portuguese sailor to discover the sea route between India and the west? When and where in India did he arrive for the first time?

Ans: The first Portuguese sailor to discover the sea route between India and the west is Vasco- da-Gama. In 1498 at Calicut port in South India.

Q.2: Who was the English sailor able to move round the earth through the sea route?

Ans: Francis Drake.

Q.3: Who was the English sailor who entered India for the first time and when?

Ans: The English sailor who entered India for the first time with a petition letter was Johnes MildenHall in 1599.

Q.4: When and where did the East India company initially establish?

Ans: The East India Company (trade organisation) was initially established in England in 1600. The Company was then called the ‘English East India Company’.

Q.5: write two objectives of the East India Company to permanently rule in India?

Ans: (1) To establish trade supremacy in India.

(2) To secure political dominance in India for affirming British hold over India.

Q.6: When and where in India was the first trade centre of the English established?

Ans: The first trade centre of the English was established in 1611 A.D. at Masulipatam in the Sultanate of Golkunda.

Q.7: what is ‘Fort William’?

Ans: Fort William is a fort in Hastings, Calcutta (Kolkata). It was built during the early years of Britain’s administration of Bengal. The old name of Fort William was Calcutta Trade Centre.

Q.8: which were the two main divisions of the British administrative period of dependent India?

Ans: The British administrative period of dependent India was divided into following two main divisions:

(i) Mughal Empire (around 1717) to the sepoy Mutiny (1857).

(ii) The second phase, i.e. from 1858 to 1947,restoration of power to the hands of Indians.

Q.9: Who, when and with what objective was the ‘Government of India act’ enacted?

Ans: The objective of Govt of India Act was to win the support of moderate nationalists, win Muslim support, convince the Princes to join the Federation. This made the East India Company devoid of its powers.

Q.10: When and with what objective was the ‘Indian Councils Act’ enacted?

Ans: The Indian Councils Act 1861 was introduced by Lord Canning. The main objective of this Act was to create a council which is institutionalised and includes Indians. Through this Act, The British planned on seeking support from Indians.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

Q.1: What were the efforts made by the British to establish trade relations with India? Analyse the steps by which they succeeded.

Ans: In 1580 A.D an English sailor named Francis Drake arrived back in English with the distinction of being the first English man to travelled to India and Burma and surprised his countryman by his stories of the reaches of the East. Like the Portuguese marchants, the English merchants too, wanted to focus on trade with India.

In 1599 A.D. for the first time an English sailor named James MildenHall reached India with a petition letter from Elizabeth, the Queen of England and procured certain trade privileges from Mughal Emperor Akbar.

Elizabeth, the Queen of English, granted permission to this Company to trade in the large sea area starting from the Cape of Good Hope, situated at the south corner of Africa to the Magellan Strait of America for fifteen years. Before arriving in India, this Company had carried out spice trade with places like Sumatra, Java and Moluccas etc.

In 1608 A.D. the English King James I sent a petition letter to the Mughal Emperor Jahangir (1605-1627 A.D.) to made with India, through an English merchant Captain William Hawkins. Hawkins arrived at the Surat port through the river Tapti after getting a ‘firman’ from the emperor regarding to establishment of an English settlement at Surat.

Captain Hawkins tried to earn some trade privileges from the Mughal Emperor staying in the Mughal Empire for two years. Emperor Jahangir rejected the request for trade concert offered by Captain Hawkins. In 1615, the English King James I again sent another Englishmen Sir Thomas Roe, who met the Emperor at Ajmer. Although Thomas Roe could not sign any trade contracts, but still Emperor Jahangir granted permission to the English merchants to establish factories at Surat. Even after this the English merchants continued their endeavour for trade with Indian at different places.

In 1715 an English delegation, led by John Surman met the Mughal Emperor Farukhsiyar (1713-1719) and offered a fresh proposal for trade contract. An English surgeon named William Hamilton who had accompanied by John Surman had cured, the Emperor from a painful disease. As a accompa- reward for this medical service, the East India Company received three imperial “firmans’ from the emperor by which the company got the right of duty-free trade in Bengal, subject to an annual payment of Rs 3,000. Permission was given to rent additional territory around Calcutta and the privilege of free trade in Mughal Deccan was continued. Because of the privileges granted, the ‘firmans’ may be regarded as the ‘Magna Carta’ of the company.

Q.2: How did the East India Company establish three trade centres at three important places in India?

Ans: The company founded a trade centre at Masulipatam, in 1611 taking permission from the Sultan of Golkunda. The Company built its second trade centre at Armagaon, in 1636. In 1639, it made a treaty with the King of Chandragiri to shift the Armagaon Trade Centre to a nearby place of Madras and renamed it as Fort St George.

In 1690 a company officer named Job Charnock acquired the zamindari right of over three villages namely Kali Ghata (Kolkata), Sutanutee and Gobindapur, through a treaty with the Nawab of Bengal in return for the payment of Rs 1200 per annum and started a trade centre. The three villages united together, later on, originated the town of Calcutta. The Calcutta Trade Centre was renamed Fort William in honour of William III, the King of England.

Q.3: Who was the most remarkable person of the East India company to pave the way for the establishment of British imperialism in India? Write with four arguments about his strategies to lay the foundation stone of the British Empire.

Ans: Robert Clive, an ordinary servant of the East India Company was the most remarkable person of the East India Company.

The four arguments about Robert clive strategies to lay the foundation stone of the British Empire are-

Firstly, Mughal Emperor Shah Aalm (1759-1806) signed the treaty of Allahabad (1765) with Robert Clive to give political authority over Ben- gal, Bihar and Orissa. The Emperor introduced Dual Government in Bengal (1765) by conferring upon the Company the right of Diwani or collection of revenue and the responsibility of civil, criminal and police administra- tion when the Nawab of Bengal. By this provision on one hand the power of the Company increased twice.

Secondly, the succeeding governors of Robert Clive too tried to impose their political authority over the Mughal rulers. The East India Company became most powerful in India during the governorship of Warren Hastings (1774-85). He encouraged the Nawabs, subordinate to the Mughal Emperor, to declare independence. Hastings for the first time claimed himself to be of equal status with the Mughal Emperor.

Thirdly. Calcutta, Bombay and Madras became the main administrative centres for the East India Company during the first period of Company’s rule after the battle of Plassey. The chief administrators of these centers were conferred the status of President. The administrative unit under the President came to be known as ‘Presidency’.

Fourthly, the British Government by the Regulating Act of 1773 named the governor of Bengal as ‘Governor General’ and made the governors of Bombay and Madras his subordinate. A centralized administration was started throughout India by this system. The Pitt’s India Act, 1784, introduced two tier administrations in India. The Company ruled over India by this Act, through a secret committee of three directors and on the other hand it was run by the Home Government of Britain through the Board of Control. The central administration of India was made stronger by the Acts of 1833 and 1853, enacted by the British Government.

Ans. Robert Clive, an ordinary servant of the East India Company was the most remarkable person of the East India Company.

The four arguments about Robert clive strategies to lay the foundation stone of the British Empire are-

Q.4: Write four causes for the outbreak of the sepoy Mutiny.

Ans: The four causes for the outbreak of the Sepoy Mutiny are:

(i) Firstly, the rebellion spread over whole north India after Ishwar Pandey, the guard, was convicted along with Mangal Pandey and both of whom were awarded capital punishment.

(ii) Secondly, the atmosphere for the rebellion was created by the unrest of royal class and people.

(iii) Thirdly, the name of Mughal Emperor was scraped away from the coins of the Company in 1835. At the same time English was introduced in the administration replacing royal persian to increase discontent and dissatisfaction in the mind of the Indians.

(iv) Fourthly, the reactionary administration of Lord Dalhousie doubly increased the disgruntlement of mind of the Indians of all religions. As a result of which the famous Sepoy Mutiny flared up.

Q.5: Mention four important results of the sepoy Mutiny.

Ans: The four important results of the sepoy Mutiny are discuss below:

Firstly, the terrible jolt of the Sepoy Mutiny created a sense of sharp abhorring towards the English East India Company in the minds of the people of England. They were anxious about the perplexity of the Indians, their sufferings, growing sense of distrust towards foreign rule and terrible acts of killings due to attack and counterattacks reflected through the rebellion. The British Government had to pay an intent focus on the administrative machinery of India to prevent the occurrence of such appalling situation in future.

Secondly, as a consequence of transferring all responsibilities of Indian administration to English Government, Board of Control and Court of Directors, which were linked with India during the Company’s rule, lost their authority. All the responsibilities and powers relating to the administration of India were conferred upon a member of British ministry by this new Act.

Thirdly, although a section of orthodox Indian people extended support to the Sepoy Mutiny, but its failure brought a momentum to the minds of this conservative people also. As an indirect result of the rebellion, medieval static state prevailed in the Indian society was over and they showed interests towards modern western culture. In short modernization started in Indian society after the Sepoy Mutiny. A section of newly educated Indians became aware for self-establishment in the touch of modernity. They were encouraged by the valour and confidence of the rebel sepoys. After watching the failure of the rebellion through their own eyes they realized it well that it was impossible to initiate a national movement until people gets organized.

Forthly, direct rule by British Government after the Sepoy Mutiny infused a sense of unity in the minds of the Indians. The notion of we’re Indian people’ arose in the minds of different reces-castes, and communities. On the other hand as against this sense of unity of the Indians, the English rulers adopted the main policy of ‘Divide and Rule’.

Q.6: Mention four administrative changes brought through the ‘Government of India Act’.

Ans: The four administrative changes brought the ‘Govt of India Act’ are:

(i) Firstly, by the ‘Government of India Act’ although the Governor General was retained as the supreme head of Indian administration, he was given the title Viceroy, means representative of the Crown.

(ii) Secondly, after the enforcement of the Act, Viceroy Lord Canning summoned a Durbar at Allahabad on 1st November, 1858 to declare himself as the representative of Queen Victoria and read out the first declaration of direct rule over India. This proclomation aimed at removing the…. This Act coferred upon the British Government the power to appoint the Viceroy and Provincial Heads (Governors) and also brought the army of the company under its control. Another important aspect of this Act was that the provision for the payment of salaries and allowances of the Secretary of State for India and all officers and servants of British Indian Government was to be made from the revenues collected in India.

(iii) Thirdly, after the enforcement of the Act, Viceroy, Lord Canning Summoned a Durbar at Allahabad on 1st November, 1858 to declare himself as the representative of Queen Victoria and read out the first declaration of direct rule over India. This proclomation aimed at removing the disparity and suspicion rooted in the minds of Indian subjects and native ruling.

(iv) Fourthly, a part from promising magnanimity and toleration in religious matters, bringing equality in economic aspects. Lord Canning also reassured to abandon the Doctrine of Lapse and not to expand the British Empire in India in future by showing generosity towards the native rulers. Some of the native rulers who assisted the Company Government during the rebellion along with certain Indian leaders loyal to the British were invited to the Allahabad Durbar and were rewarded.

Q.7: Write about two main reforms of Lord canning.

Ans: The two main reforms of Lord Canning are:

(i) Firstly, he enacted an Act, named ‘Bengal Rent Act in 1859, to end the turmoil created by the Permanent Settlement. This law gave the tenants their rights over lands. It protected the indigo farmers from the sway of the indigo merchants. He also imposed taxes an tobacco produced in the country.

(ii) Secondly, Lord Canning brought some organizational changes in the army. He built up a composite Indian army by uniting people of differ ent races and religions. He engaged several European soldiers in this newly formed unit.

Q.8: Write two merits and two demerits of the ‘Indian Councils Act’.

Ans: Two merits of the Indian Council Act were:

(i) The Indian Council Act introduced the concept of representation, which allowed Indians to participate in the legislative process. This was a significant step towards self-governance and democracy in India.

(ii) The Act also provided for the decentralization of power, which allowed the provinces to have more control over their affairs. This helped in the better administration of the provinces and promoted regional autonomy.

Two demerits of the Indian Council Act were:

(i) The Act of 1861 provided some legal poverbs to the newly formed Provincial Legislative Councils but in fact, this power was just limited.

(ii) The lows framed by the provincial and central councils required the consent of the Governor General of Bengal. He enjoyed the right of promulgation of ordinance himself.

Q.9: Discuss the changes occurred through the local self-government during the British period.

Ans: The changes occurred through the local self-government during the British period are discussed below:

(i) By a historical resolution Lord Ripon created a Local Board (Area Council) in each sub-division in 1882. It provided for the formation of a Primary Board in the rural areas under each Local Board if required. A provision was made to recruit the majority of the members of the local boards by way of election so that the Indian people could get the full training of managing their own affairs.

(ii) Lord Ripon instructed these resolutions on local self-government to be implemented all over India. The chief administrative heads of the provinces executed his responsibilities in two ways. In some provinces Local Boards were established in districts and in some other provinces at the sub-division level. It may be mentioned here that the local boards were formed in Assam at sub-division level.

(iii) Like the rural areas the town areas too were brought under local self-government. By the resolution on local self-government of 1882. Town Committees and Municipal Boards were formed in urban areas provision was made to recruit in the Town Committees and Municipal Boards 75 percent of the members through election. Even the Chairman of such bod- ies of the town areas could be elected it required.

Q.10: Mention three differences of the civil services of British occupied India and independent India.

Ans: Three differences between civil services of British occupied India and independent India are:

(i) Administrative Structure: British-occupied India: Under British rule, the civil services followed a highly centralized administrative structure. The Indian Civil Service (ICS) was the elite administrative body that governed various aspects of governance, including law and order, revenue collection, and public administration. The ICS officers were predominantly British. Independent India: After independence in 1947, the Indian Civil Service was reformed and replaced with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS).

(ii) Nationality and Diversity: British-occupied India: The civil services during British rule had a predominantly British character. The high-ranking administrative positions were primarily held by British officers, while Indians were often excluded from top leadership roles.

Independent India: The civil services in independent India emphasized inclusivity and provided opportunities for Indian citizens of diverse backgrounds to join the administrative services.

(iii) Policy Orientation: British-occupied India: The civil services during British rule primarily served the interests of the British colonial administration. Policies were formulated and implemented to maintain colonial control and extract resources from India. Independent India. The civil services in independent India have shifted their focus towards nation-building, socio-economic development, and welfare-oriented governance.

Dev Kirtonia

Hi, I’m Dev Kirtonia, Founder & CEO of Dev Library. A website that provides all SCERT, NCERT 3 to 12, and BA, B.com, B.Sc, and Computer Science with Post Graduate Notes & Suggestions, Novel, eBooks, Biography, Quotes, Study Materials, and more.