Class 12 Education Chapter 6 Mental Health & Hygiene The answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters SCERT Class 12 Sociology Class 12 Education Chapter 6 Mental Health & Hygiene and select need one.
Class 12 Education Chapter 6 Mental Health & Hygiene
Also, you can read the SCERT book online in these sections Solutions by Expert Teachers as per SCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. These solutions are part of SCERT All Subject Solutions. Here we have given Assam Board/NCERT Class 12 Education Chapter 6 Mental Health & Hygiene Solutions for All Subject, You can practice these here…
133. Describe different sources of attention.
Ans : One of the conditions of attention is objective condition. Following are the objective conditions of attention.
(a) Intensity of stimulus : Loud sounds and bright lights naturally attract one’s attention.
(b) Change : Sudden changes of the stimulus make us curious and attentive.
(c) Novelty : New objects attract attention more rapidly.
(d) Movement : Moving things attracts our attention easily.
(e) Clearness of outline : If a think appears clearly before our eyes it naturally attracts our attention.
The subjective conditions of attention are :
(i) Instincts : Instincts are the inherited structural dispositions that imple the processor to perceive and pay attention to some objects. Out of curiosity we pay attention to certain objects.
(ii) Interests and attitudes : Our aptitudes are reinforced by our interests and attention which go side by side. We pay attention to those things for which we have the attitude and interest.
(iii) Sentiments : Sentiments are acquired dispositions centring around an object, an idea or an ideal. Our sentiments impel us to pay attention to the object.
(iv) Havits : Another important subjective condition of attention is habits. We will habitually attend to certain things and not to others. Good habits will automatically impel us to do and attend to desirable activities and objects.
Teacher succeds in creating interest of the child in the subjects, the learning process automatically begins. The teachers then do not have to toil hard to teach. Interest leads to attention which results in learning. A skillful and efficient teacher tries to help the pupils to learn on their own after creating interest and encouraging them to embark upon the rodeos work of study.
The curriculum should be framed keeping in view the child’s interest, aptitude, desire, need etc. Without attention learning is difficult. Interest creates attention. So both attention and interest are important in the education of the child. Modern education is child-centric, not subject centric. So, child’s interest and attention are given due emphasis in the modern educational set-up. Great educationalists believe that the child learns when he feels interest which prompts and impels him to make efforts and work according to his ability. It is apparent that interest and attention are indispensable to education.
39. Explain the meaning of mental hygiene.
Ans : Mental hygiene is a significant aspect of Psychology. It is the science that creates a personality in every individual and society that makes for good adjustment with the environment that attains a proper synthesis between the intellectual, emotional and physical aspects, that is satisfied and optimistic, that experiences a minimum of tension and conflict in its conduct with other individuals in society. Hygiene is nothing but the set of rules for health. It is the science of healthy living. No one would like to ignorant of health and its rules.
Thus health and Hygiene are very important as subjects and a proper knowledge of the rules of health and hygienes shall help us a great deal in our lives. In the field of education, where we wish to have healthy pupils, in our educational institutions, it is very significant that from the very beginning healthy habits must be formed by them. For this end in view, a proper training in the rules of Healthy and Hygiene is imported to the teacher trainees in the training institutions.
40. Explain the scope and mental hygiene.
Ans : The scope of mental hygiene is very wide. Mental hygiene helps to know the causes of mental disorders or mental disturbance. The causes of mental illness can be well understood with the help of the knowledge of mental hygiene. It helps to know the preventive measures to over-come mental problems. To help to get relief from all the mental disorders the knowledge of mental hygiene has special significance. It help to realize to importance of good mental health. The process of personality development can also will be understood with the help of the knowledge of mental hygiene. Mental hygiene helps to know the ways and means of the systematic growth of personality. The importance and the process of harmonious growth of personality can be will known with the help of the knowledge of mental hygiene. It also helps to know the process of adjudgement.
Mental hygiene studies the mechanisms of adjustment, i. e. the mental or defence mechanisms which are accepted as the means to resolve the mental tension or conflict or minimise their intensity for sound mental health. Such mechanisms are : repression, suppression, inhibition, regression, conversion, sublimation, reationalization etc. Mental hygiene has close link with all the processes of adjustment which are important for good mental health. Any way, the scope of mental health is mainly concerned with the systematic growth of mental life and personality of the human child.
41. Why mental hygiene is important?
Ans : As a science of healthy living mental hygiene helps us to study all the major issues concerning to the process of peaceful life.
In brief it studies :
(i) the cause of mental illness;
(ii) the means of prevention of such illness or to know and apply practically the preventive measures;
(iii) to help to know the art of leading healthy life;
(iv) to realise the importance of the values and follow them to lead a better balanced life.
42. Write three proposes of mental hygiene.
Ans : The purpose of mental hygiene are :
(a) The development of an understanding of the relationship that exist between personality development and life experiences;
(ii) The preservation and improvement of the mental health of the individual and of the group; and
(iii) The discovery and use of techniques through which assistance can be given to those who are mentally ill.
43. Write three important functions of mental hygiene.
Ans : The main functions of mental hygiene may be discussed under the specific ways.
They are :(a) Prevented Function : The main function of mental hygiene is the prevention of mental illness, personality disorders and the problems of adjustment. Mental hygiene helps us to understand the causes of mental illness, personality disorders and the problems of adjustments of the human child.
(b) Curativs function : Curative function of mental hygiene emphasises on the treatment techniques. Mental hygiene not only helps to know the problems of mental illness, problem of personality disorder and the adjustment problem of the human individual. It also helps to know the techniques of treatment to get relief from the problems.
(c) Preservative Function : Preservation of mental health has a special importance of individuals and society as well. Without sound mental health the prosperity of individual and social life both are not possible. The preservative function of mental hygiene specially helps us to know the importance of mental health and the measures, techniques, procedures that are to be followed for its preservation. This function is especially concerned with the welfare of human life and society as well.
44. What are the characteristics of a mentally healthy person?
Ans : Mentally healthy individuals have some specific characteristics. Such characteristics may be discussed as given below :
(i) Mentally healthy individuals have strong personality;
(ii) Mentally healthy individuals are emotionally stable;
(iii) Mentally healthy individuals have no any major adjustment problems;
(iv) They are physically healthy people;
(v) They are free from mental illness;
(vi) They have strong motivational power.
45. Discuss about the relationship between education and mental hygiene.
Ans : The relation between education and mental hygiene is very strong. Mental hygiene is one of the most important aspect of education. It is education that helps to understand the causes of mental problems and also suggests ways and means to cure them. The society, family, etc. may create the problems which education helps to understand them.
| Sl. No. | Contents |
| Chapter 1 | Secondary Education in India and Assam |
| Chapter 2 | Non-Formal Education |
| Chapter 3 | Current Trends in Education |
| Chapter 4 | Learning |
| Chapter 5 | (A) Memory and Forgetting |
| Chapter 5 | (B) Attention and Interest |
| Chapter 6 | Mental Health & Hygiene |
| Chapter 7 | Educational Statistics |
46. What do you mean by mental health and how it is related to physical health?
Ans : Mental health very simply means the state of being mentally free from illness or injury. In other sense it means illness free or injury free mental condition of an individual. It has the most important necessity for a better and balanced society. Mental health and physical health has a very close relation among them. For physical health mental health is necessary. On the other hand a healthy body has a healthy mind. If a person is physically weak it may create adjustment problem causing mental problems leading to various problems.
47. Write short notes :
(i) Mental hygiene.
(ii) Mental health.
(iii) Mental ill-health.
(iv) Mentally healthy Person.
Ans : (i) Mental hygiene : Mental hygiene is a significant aspect of Psychology. It is the science that creates a personality in every individual in society that makes for good adjusment with the environment that attains a proper synthesis between the intellectual, emotional and physical aspects, that is satisfied and optimistic, that experiences a minimum of tension and conflict in its conduct with other individuals in society.
Hygiene is nothing but the set of rules for health. It is the science of healthy living. No one would like to be ignorant of health and its rules. Thus health and Hygiene are very important as subjects and a proper knowledge of the rules of health and hygienes shall help us a great deal in our lives. In the field of education, where we wish to have healthy pupils, in our educational institutions, it is very significant that from the very beginning healthy habits must be formed by them. For this end in view, a proper training in the rules of Health and Hygiene is imported to the teacher trainees in the training institutions.
(ii) Mental health : Mental health has specific importance for a better and balanced growth of personality. To lead a good life everybody should possess good mental health. For the progress of individual and the social life as well mental health should be quite sound. Without sound mental health no individual can lead a peaceful life. For education also, there is the need of sound mental health. If our children become poor from the mental espect they can not properly utilize their mental potentialities. And if they failed to utilise the mental potentialities in a proper manner the process of personality growth becomes very defective. Thus, to help the individual to be mentally strong parents should be more sympathetic towards them. They should carefully look after the proper growth of emotional aspect of their children.
Instead of harse treatment towards the childish behaviour, judicious and sympathetic attitudes should be exposed in their approaches. To treat the mentally disturbed individual, psychologists have prescribed various approaches and principles. According to them the use of sedation, good nutrition, good physical hygiene, music, games, and sports, meditation, and different leisure time activities, viz riding, walking, participating in educational tour, social services etc. Mental support, positive attitudes, encouragement friendly behaviour etc. are some of the important step which are necessary to help the mentally ill and sick people. Fresh air, peaceful environment, and provision or routine diet etc. are also necessary to help the mentally ill or sick persons to get early relief from their problem.
(iii) Mentally ill-health : Mental illness in more or less inherited. It is not the result of any misdeeds. It is curable. It can easily be treated. It compels man to behave abnormally.
(iv) Mentally healthy Person : An individual who is able to adjust with different situations of life without any major problem can be defined as mentally healthy individual. A mentally healthy individual does not a manyfest any abnormality in facing different situations of life. Such individuals do not have any major problem of personality mal-adjustment. In a sense, a mentally healthy individual is-
(i) physically healthy;
(ii) social well-adjustment;
(iii) emotionally stable;
(iv) social well-adjustment;
(v) very confident in decision making etc.
48. ‘This mental health is the end of mental hygiene the means.’ Explain.
Ans : Diagnostic function of mental hygiene emphasizes on diagnosis of causes and sources of mental problems such as maladjustment, mental illness, mental defect, mental disturbances, abnormalities etc of the individual. Mental hygiene emphasizes on the prevention of mental illness, personality disorders, problems of maladjustment etc. of individual. It helps to understand the causes of mental illness, personality disorders problem of adjustment etc of help to know the ways of means of preventive measures to overcome all the problems. Preservative function help to know the importance of sound mental health for the individual of it helps to understand the measures, technique, procedures that are ti be followed for preservation of mental health. That is why it is rightly remarked by the psychologists that this mental health is the end and mental hygiene the means. ‘
49. What type of behaviour is needed on the part of a teacher to promote mental health among students?
Ans : The following are the behaviour which needed on the part of a teacher to promote mental health among
students : (a) Educational tours and excursion should be arranged to develop necessary skills to work other teacher successfully.
(b) Interest in teaching and teaching profession.
(c) Deep knowledge of subject matter, efficient able of time conscious.
(d) Conscious about educational activities in the classroom and enthusiasm.
50. Discuss about the important of mental hygiene.
Ans : Important of mental hygiene are :
(i) It helps us to know the importance of mental health.
(ii) To know the techniques keeping oneself mentally healthy.
(iii) To know the characteristies of a mentally healthy individual.
(iv) To know the causes of mental illness.
(v) To know the ways and means of getting rid of mental problems.
(vi) To know that mental illness is more or less inherited.
(vii) To understand that mental illness is not the result of any misdeeds.
(viii) To know that mental illness is curable.
(ix) To know that mental illness can easily be treated.
(x) To know that mental illness compels man to behave abnormally.
51.How do we promote mental health at home?
Ans : The family, as the first institution, plays an important role in the process of maintaining and promoting the mental health of individuals.
Some of the conditions within the family which may help in preserving mental health of the child are given below –
(i) Home environment should be free from all types of anxiety and tensions.
(ii) Psysiological and psychological needs of children should be fulfilled in order to avoid any feelings or frustration or tension in them.
(iii) Relationship among the family members should be cordial.
(iv) Dominant parental behaviour i. e. rigid imposition of a disciplinary code should be avoided.
(v) Over protection should be avoided.
(vi) Individual differences should be considered without comparing and another.
(vii) Parents inculoate moral values as their children imitate them.
(viii) Children should be orient to stressor and stress coping.
52. Discuss about the objectives of mental hygiene.
Ans : The aims of mental hygiene are very broad and wide extensive. Such aims may be specified as :
(i) It aims at preserving mental health;
(ii) It aims at developing personality to help to adjust properly to the environment;
(iii) It aims at preventing the mental defects of an individual to help to develop a balanced and harmonious personality;
(iv) It aims at treating all the personality disorders which cause mental problems and illness.
53. Discuss about the role of school in promoting mental health of the children.
Ans : The roles school play for the prevention of mental illness are :
(i) The schools helps to develop all the psycho-physical capabilities and qualities of the human child;
(ii) It helps realise the value of sound mental health;
(iii) It helps to know the problems of mental life;
(iv) It helps to develop all the qualities and capabilities of human personality;
(v) It helps to make man emotionally strong;
(vi) The School helps to know the need of proper adjustment and its means;
(vii) It helps to realise the value of all the value to lead a peaceful life.
(viii) The school helps to develop a batter balance personality.
54. What are the functions of mental hygiene?
Ans : Mental hygiene has three important functions.
They are :
(i) Preventive Function
(ii) Curative Function
(iii) Preservative Function.
55. What role can the teachers play for the maintenance of proper mental health of their students? Discuss.
Ans : Teacher plays in important role in developing and preserving mental hygiene of students in the school. The teacher should always be aware of the mental hygiene of the students. Student lake of freedom of their satisfaction of needs, deprivation from playing, boring curriculum etc. should be looked upon by the teacher. The teachers should always put special importance on health education. The knowledge of health and hygiene has special importance to know the causes and the measures to get relief from the problems of mental illness. Teachers help to develop all the psycho-physical capabilities and qualities in the child. Teachers helps to make man emotionally strong. They help to know the problems of mental life. The teachers help you know the need of proper adjustment and its means. They help to develop in students a better balanced personality.
56. Mention five measures that a school can adopt to prevent mental health problems in school.
Ans : Five measures that is school can adopt to prevent mental health problems in school are :
(i) Value education and sex education : Moral values should be imported through the school curriculum to the students. Sex education should be imparted according to the age of children to remove the misconceptions and with the various sex related problems.
(ii) Discipline education : Discipline in school should be maintained properly for better development
(iii) Teaching process : The teaching process should be need based. The examination system should be cleaned and properly evaluate.
(iv) Teacher-parents relation : For proper mental development of the students parents, teacher’s association should be organised from time to time. This will help them to know and understand the problems of the students and to solve them. of the students. This discipline helps to maintain a mental health of the children.
(v) Management techniques in school : The management techniques of school should be democratic in nature. The problems of the students should be solved amicably.
(vi) Teaching process : The teaching process should be need based. The examination system should be cleaned and properly evaluate.
(vii) Teacher-parents relation : For proper mental development of the students parents, teacher’s association should be organised from time to time. This will help them to know and understand the problems of the students and to solve them.
57. Analyze and definitions of mental health and try to determine the functions of mental hygiene.
Ans : Different thinkers defined different definition of mental health.
Some of them are :In the words of Hilgard (1962), ‘mental health means absence of mental illness : more positively, a state characterized by adjustment, a productive orientation and zest. To means mental illness he further explains, ‘ Mental illness means emotional, motivational and social maladjustment severe enough to Infer with the ordinary conduct of life.’ In the words of Kisher (1964), ‘ The progress took the form of the expansion of mental hospitals, the after-case movement, the family care system, the open-door policy and the mental hygiene movements. ‘ It was Evnil Kraepelin who was the pioneer worker of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in classification of ‘mental illness. This was primarily leased on the course of the disease, its symptoms and causes as well.
58. Describe the main purposes of mental health as explained by Crow and Crow.
Ans : The purpose of mental hygiene are :
(a) The development of an understanding of the relationship that exist between personality development and life experiences;
(b) The preservation and improvement of the mental health of the individual and of the group; and
(c) The discovery and use of techniques through which assistance can be given to those who are mentally ill.
59. Why mental hygiene is important for a healthy-living. Describe briefly.
Ans : Mental hygiene is a significant aspect of Psychology. It is the science that creates a personality in every individual in society that makes for good advertisement with the environment that attains a proper synthesis between the intellectual, emotional and physical aspects, that is satisfied and optimistic, that experiences a minimum of tension and conflict in its conduct with other individuals in society. Hygiene is nothing but the set of rules for health. It is the science of healthy living. No one would like to be or ignorant of health and its rules. Thus health and Hygiene are very important as subjects and a proper knowledge of the rules of health and hygiene shall help us a great deal in our lives.
In the field of education, where we wish to have healthy pupils, in our educational institutions, it is very significant that from the very beginning healthy habits must be formed by them. For this end in view, a proper training in the rules of Health and Hygiene is imparted to the teacher trainees in the training Institutions.
May be described as below-
(i) Firstly, emotions have a wide range and are aroused at the slightest provocation.
(ii) Secondly, violent emotions have paralysing effects on the internal systems of the body.
(iii) Thirdly, emotions are aroused by a great variety of stimuli.
(iv) Fourthly, emotional experiences are always accompanied by some characteristic bodily expressions.
(v) Fifthly, emotions tend to persist and leave behind and emotional disposition.
(vi) Sixthly, emotions can be easily conditioned.
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