NIOS Class 12 Early Childhood Care and Education Chapter 10 Care of Children in Early Years

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NIOS Class 12 Early Childhood Care and Education Chapter 10 Care of Children in Early Years

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Care of Children in Early Years

Chapter: 10

INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.1

State whether the following statements are true or false: 

1. Children are not affected by their external environment. 

Ans: False.

2. Children gain from things to see, hear and feel from the time of birth. 

Ans: True

3. Anxiety and stress can impact later learning among children. 

Ans: True

4. Primary relation for children is significant for emotional wellbeing. 

Ans: True

5. Physical care of children is a primary need as it may affect other areas of development.

Ans: True

INTEXT QUESTIONS 10.2

A. Fill in the blanks. 

1. Till six months of age, babies get enough nutrition from ____________. 

Ans: Breast milk.

2. Warm interactions provide babies with a sense of ____________.

Ans: Trust.

3. Babies need sleep to grow as they are in the stage of _____________ ____________. 

Ans: Rapid development.

4. Weaning foods are _________________ preparations given to babies when they transition from mother’s ________________.

Ans: Semi-solid, milk.

B. Match the following.

(i) Tetanus	(a) Hygiene
(ii) Touch	(b) Visual growth
(iii) Facial gestures	(c) Language and movement
(iv) Cleaning eyes	(d) Comforting and soothing
(v) Infant games	(e) Immunization

Ans:

(i) Tetanus	(e) Immunization
(ii) Touch	(d) Comforting and soothing
(iii) Facial gestures	(b) Visual growth
(iv) Cleaning eyes	(a) Hygiene
(v) Infant games	(c) Language and movement

INTEXT QUESTION 10.3 

Fill in the blanks. 

1. Cognitive stimulation is dependent on early ____________ and ____________ relationships. 

Ans: Attachment, positive.

2. Routines give children a sense of ____________ and control over their ____________. 

Ans: Security, environment.

3. Sensory play encourages _____________, ____________, ___________.and ____________.

Ans: Discovery, independent thinking, imagination, creativity.

4. Interest and ____________ are important for exploration and learning. 

Ans: Constructive, motivation.

5. Young children need a schedule that is responsive to their needs, including appropriate ____________ and time to ________________.

Ans: Stimulation, rest.

Terminal Exercises

1. Explain the significance of sensory stimulation.

Ans:Infants use their senses to learn about the world around them. Different senses work together so that infants and toddlers can explore the environment, investigate and behave in a typical manner. Research supports the fact that stimulation helps in brain development by creating neural pathways which further support learning in later years. Sensory stimulation encourages the development of motor skills and the ability to solve simple problems using the five senses: sight, sound, smell, taste and touch. Activities provided for seeing, hearing, touching, smelling and tasting should be numerous and repetitive for proper sensory stimulation in early years.

2. Discuss the principles of caregiving of children under three years.

Ans: The first three years are often called the foundation years as incredible growth takes place in all domains of development. The key principles of caregiving are:

Principle 1: Supportive and Responsive Environment – A supportive environment and responsive care provides a secure base and routine for children who are completely dependent on caregivers for all sensory interactions. Regular response for feeding, bodily needs and tactile comfort are primary needs of children. Besides physical care, any secure relationship will help them regulate their emotions and behaviour.

Principle 2: Responsive Relationships and Strong Life Skills – Caregivers promote healthy brain development and protect children from anxiety and uncertainty by giving them warmth and through interactions. Eye contact, pleasant gestures or a hug every time they babble or cry helps form new neural connections in the brain. Establishing routines, organising activities that foster creative play and modelling social behaviour helps children cope with stress, build curiosity and develop social relationships.

Principle 3: Reduce Sources of Stress – Reducing stress implies responding to children on demand, reaching out with multi-sensorial interactions such as audio, visual, sense of touch, suckling experiences and kinaesthetic experiences. Leaving children alone or ignoring them can create disturbance and obstruct their growth and development. Caregivers must protect children from loud noise, disturbing visuals and harsh fast movements, thus keeping them away from any form of stress.